英语语法大攻克虚拟语气.docx
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英语语法大攻克虚拟语气.docx
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英语语法大攻克虚拟语气
虚拟语气(TheSubjunctiveMood)
虚拟语气的意义:
表示说的话不是事实,或不可能发生,只是一种愿望,假设或建议等。
(1)虚拟语气在IF条件状语从句中的表现形式及用法。
情况
从句动词的形式
主句动词的形式
例句
与现在事实相反
1.动词过去式
2..BE用WERE
主语+
Should/would/could/might
+动词原形
IfIknewthat,Iwouldtellyou.
Ifshewerehere,shecouldhelpus.
与将来事实相反
1.动词用过去式
2.should+动原
3.were+不定式
同上
Ifitshould(wereto)raintomorrow,Iwouldsleepforaday.
与过去事实相反
had+过去分词
主语+
Should/would/could/might
+have过去分词
Hewouldhavecomeifhehadn’tbeenbusy
其它注意事项:
1.错综复杂的时间条件句:
主句和从句的动作不是发生在同一时间,其动词形式要根据时间而定。
例如:
Ifhehadtakenthemedicine,hewouldbeallrightnow.IfIwereyou,Iwouldhavegonewithhim.
2.If的省略与倒装:
在正式文体中,有时可省去IF。
而将从句中were,had,should提到主语前。
例如:
1.Wereshehere(=Ifshewerehere),shecouldgiveushelp.2.Hadhenotleftsoearly(=Ifhehadnotleftsoearly),hemighthavemissedthebus.3.Shoulditraintomorrow(=Ifitshouldraintomorrow),Iwouldsleepforaday.
3.含蓄条件有时虚拟条件不用从句,而用介词(without,bufor)例如:
Without(=Butfor)air(=Iftherewerenoair),wrecouldn’tlive.2.Iambusy,now.Otherwise,Iwouldhelpyou.3.Itwouldbewrongnottohelphimifwewerenottohelphim.
4.含有责备语气的虚拟结构。
Should’thavedone/mighthavedoneshould/oughttohavedonecouldhavedone
(2)虚拟语气在其它从句中的用法
1.状语从句:
asif,inorderthat,forfearthat,incase
2.宾语从句:
wish,demand,insist,suggest,command,order
3.主语从句:
Itisnecessary/natural/important/strangethat
Itissuggested/demanded/ordered/requested/that
4.在表语从句或同位语从句中:
demand,insit,suggestion,order,advice,request,plan.proposal
5.其它句型中:
1
(1)在定语从句中Itis(high)timethat中,其后谓语动词用过去式,有时也有用“should+do”
(2)在wouldratherthat---从句中,“愿望”的句型中,其后谓语动词用过去时。
(表示现在或将来要做的事)或过去完成时(指过去发生的动作,此用法与WISH基本相同。
)2.Ifonly句型,该句型意为:
但愿----,要是---就好了。
(通常其后用过去式或过去完成时,表示一种强烈的愿望或遗憾。
IFONLY引起的感叹句,其形式和意义与WISH基本相同。
)
例句:
1.Itistimethatwewentotbed.2.Iwouldratheryoustayedathomenow3.Iwouldratheryouhadgonethereyesterday.4.Ifonlyheknewtheanswer.5.IfonlyIwereyounger!
6.IfonlyIhadlistenedtoyouradvice.
Exercises.(根据上句,填写下句,并保持与原句意思相一致)
1.Idon’tknowtheanswertothequestion.
IwishI______theanswertothequestion.
2.Ididn’tseethefilmlastnight.
Iwish____________thefilmlastnight.
3.Shesuggestedourholdingthemeetingtonight.
Shesuggestedthat____________themeetingtonight.
4.Heinsistedonmyfinishingthetaskaheadoftime.
Heinsistedthat____________________thetaskaheadoftime.
5.Thebossorderedhertotakepartinthework.
Thebossorderedshe______partinthework.
6.It’s(high)timeforustogotoschool.
It’s(high)timethat____________toschool.
7.IfIwereyou,Ishouldnotdothat.
______I______,Ishouldnotdothat.
8.Theyinsistedonleavingheretomorrowmorning.
Theyinsisted__________________heretomorrowmorning.
9.Igotuplate,soImissedthetrain.
______I____gotuplate,I__________________thetrain.
10.Hedidn’twritetohisparentstwoweeksago.
He_____________________tohisparentstwoweeksearlier.
11.Iwillraintomorrow,sothecropswillbesaved.
Ifit__________________,thecrops___________besaved.
12.Mysuggestionforyouistomakeanapology.
Mysuggestionisthatyou____________tohim.
13.Whatdoyouthinkofmyideatomakepreparationsforthesportsmeeting?
Whatdoyouthinkofmyideathatwe_____________preparationsforsportsmeeting?
14.Hisorderforusistokeepthesecret.
Hisorderisthat____________thesecret.
15.It’snecessaryforustomasteraforeignlanguage.
It’snecessarythatwe____________aforeignlauguage.
Multiplechoicequestions.
1.TheArabinsistedthathe________thecamel.
AshouldgoBwentChadneverseenDshouldhaveneverseen
2.TheArabinsistedthatthey_________tolookforthecamel.
AshouldgoBwentChadneverseenDshouldhaveneverseen
3.Theleaderinsistedthattheplan_______out.
AshouldcarryBbecarriedCbeDwas
4.Theleaderinsistedthattheplan____reasonableandwecarryitout.
AshouldcarryBbecarriedCbeDwas
5.Tom’sexpressionsuggestedthathe______angryatthenews.
AshoulbeBwouldbeCwereDwas
6.Herpalefacesuggestedthatshe______ill,andherparentssuggestedthatshe________amedicalexamination.
Abe------shouldhaveBwas---have
Cshouldbe----hadDwere---was
7.Iwishshe_______therewithusnow.
AgoesBwentChadgoneDwouldgo
8.Iwishshe_________therewithustomorrow.
AgoesBwentChadgoneDwouldgo
9.Iwishshe________therewithusyesterday.
AgoesBwentChadgoneDwouldgo
10.Theoldmanwalksasifhe________drunk.(=Heisprobablydrunk)
AbeBisCwereDshouldbe
11.Theoldmanwalksasifhe______drunk.(=Infact,heisnotdrunk.)
AgoesBwentChadgoneDwouldgo
12.Iambusynow.IfI_______time,I_______achatwithyou.
Ahave—willhaveBhad----wouldhave
Chad----shouldhadDhadhad---wouldhavehad
13.IfI_______timelastnight,I_______achatwith.
Ahave—willhaveBhad----wouldhave
Chad----shouldhadDhadhad---wouldhavehad
14.Ifit________thisafternoon,wewillputoffthesportsmeeting.
ArainBrainsCrainedDwillrain
15.Ifit_______thisafternoon,wewouldputoffthesportsmeeting.
ArainBrainsCrainedDwillrain
16.IfI_______you,I________worry.
Awere----wouldn’tBwas---wouldn’t
Cbeen----wouldhaveDbe---would
17.Thesuggestionwasthatthesportsmeeting______offtillnextweek.
AtoputBshouldputCbeputtingDbeput
18.Itisimportantthatwe_________wildanimals.
AwillprotectBshouldprotectCmustprotectDareprotect
19.Itisorderedthatnosmoking______allowedinthereading-room.
AisBwouldbeCareDbe
20.I_______eachofthegroupleaderimmediately____workoutapraticalplanofstudy.
AhopeBwantCwishDsuggest
21.Shemadethedemandthatshe_________rightaway.
AsetoffBsetsoffCgotoffDwouldgetoff
22.Ourteacher’sstrict.Herequestedthatwe____TVonweeknights.
AnotwatchBmustnotwatchCnotbewtchingDhaven’twatched
23.WithouttheChineseCommistPartythere_______anewChina.
AisnotBwillnotbeCwouldnothavebeenDwouldn’thave
24.Thetalkedasifthey_______friendsforyears.
AareBwereChavebeenDhadbeen
25.Itisstrangethathe_______suchamistakeagain.
AmakesBmadeChasmadeDshouldhavemade
26.Iftheworkershadn’thelped,theexperiment__________.
AwouldhavefailedBhadfailedCfailDhavefailed
27.Yourexaminationresultswerequitesatisfactory,but_______ifyouhadspentlesstimeinplayingbasketball.?
Awouldn’ttheyhavebeenbetterBwouldn’ttheybebetter
Cwon’ttheybebetterDwon’ttheyhavebeenbetter
28.Ifhe______harder,he______tomorrow’sexam.
Ahadstudied----wouldhavepassedBstudied----willpass
Chadstudied----wouldpassDstudied---wouldhavepassed
29._____Iingoodhealth,I_____withyou.
AAm---willgoBWere---wouldgoCWas—shallgoDwere—weregoing
30.Mysuggestionthatthey_____aplanfirsthasbeenaccepted.
AhavemadeBwouldmakeCshouldmakeDmade
31.I_____theexam,butIfailed.
AexpecttopassBexpecteddtopass
CexpecttohavepassedDexpectedtohavepassed
32.They_______tohelpbutcouldn’tgethereintime.
AwantBwantedChadwantedDhavewanted
33.Butforairandwater,nothing_______ontheearth.
AcouldliveBcanliveCcouldn’tliveDwillbeabletolive
34.Heinsistedthattheyall_______inhisofficaatthattime.
AshallbeBwouldbeCwereDbe
35.Jack,youaresolazy!
Thisjob______hoursago.
AshouldfinishBmusthavefinished
CoughttohavebeenfinishedDwasabouttofinish
36.Therewasplentyoftime.She_________.
Amusn’thavehurriedBneedn’thavehurried
CmustnothurryDcan’thavehurried
37.Putapairofchopstickspartlyintoaglassofwater,itlooksasifit_____________broken.
AwillbeBisCwouldbeDwere
38._____therenogravity,therewouldbenohumanbeingontheearth.
AIfBIfwasCWereDHad
39.Heorderedthework_______startedatonce.
AbeBwasCwouldbeDwere
40.______youfailinthetest,you_______tryagain.
ACould---canBWould—wouldCShould—shouldDHad---would
41.Ifyouhadtakenyourmedicineyesterday,you_______wellnow.
AshouldbeBwouldhavebeenCwouldbeDwillbe
42.Heisnotamillionaire,buthe______hewere.
AhopesBwantsCwishesDbelieves
43.Iftherewerenosubjuncivemood,English______mucheasier.
AwillbeBwouldhavebeenCcouldhavebeenDwouldbe
44.Theguardatthegateinsistedthateverybody_______therules.
AobeysBobeyCwillobeyDwouldobey
45.---Heisaverybraveman.
---Yes,IwishI_______hiscourage.
AhaveBhadCwillhaveDwouldhave
46.Ifshehadworkedharder,she_______falleninthefinalexamination.
AwouldBhadnotCshouldnotDwouldnothave
47._____forthefreetickets,Iwouldnothavegonetothefilmssooften.
AIfitisnoBWereitnotCHaditnotbeenDIftheywerenot
48.________itraintomorrow,wewouldhavetoputoffthevisittothememorial.
AWereBShouldCWouldDWill
49.Hisfacesuggestedthathe_______ill,andsuggestedthathe____X-ray.
Abe----shouldhaveBwas----have
Cshouldbe----hadDwas----was
50.Weinsistedthathe______seriouslyillandthatadoctor_____foratonce.
Ashouldbe----shouldbesentBwas---besent
Cwere---shouldbesentDwas---mustbesent
51.Itishightimethatallofyou________.
AleaveBwillleaveCmustbeoffDleft
52.Iwouldratheryou________athomethesedays.
AstayBstayedCshouldstayDhadstayed
虚拟语气(TheSubjunctiveMood)
1.knew2.hadseen3.wehold4.Ishouldfinish5.take6.wewent7.wereyou8.thattheyleave9.Hadnotwould
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