软件工程专业BIOS资料外文翻译文献.docx
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软件工程专业BIOS资料外文翻译文献.docx
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软件工程专业BIOS资料外文翻译文献
软件工程专业BIOS资料外文翻译文献
WhatistheBasicInputOutputSystem(BIOS)?
BIOSisanacronymforBasicInputOutputSystem.Itistheprogramthat
storesconfigurationdetailsaboutyourcomputerhardwareandenablesyourcomputertobootup.EverytimeyourcomputerisswitchedontheBIOSloadsconfigurationdataintomainmemory,performsaroutinediagnostictestonyourhardware,thenloadstheoperatingsystem.TheBIOSresidesinaROM(Read-Onlymemory)chip,whichismountedonthemotherboard,usuallyinasocketsoitisremovable.TotherightisanexampleofwhataBIOSchipmaylooklikeinyourmotherboard.ThisisaPLCC32pintypeBIOSchip.Itisaverycommontype.
EverycomputerhasBIOS.TherearemanytypesbutthemostcommontypeofBIOS'scomefrom:
AMI,AwardandPhoenix.MotherboardmanufacturersbuyorleasetheBIOSsourcecodefromthesecompanies.TheBIOStellstheoperatingsysteminyourcomputerhowtobootup,wheretoloadeverything,whattoload,whatmemoryandCPUarepresentandmuchmore.AgoodcomparisontofurtherunderstandthefunctionalityoftheBIOSwouldbetosaythattheBIOSistheComputerequivilantofthehumanhypothalamus.hypothalamusregulatesbodytemperature,bloodpressure,heartbeat,metabolismoffatsandcarbohydrates,andsugarlevelsintheblood.Itisthesubconsciousnervoussystemsometimesit'scalledthebrainofthebrain.InaPCweallknowthattheCPU(CentralProcessingUnit)isthebrain.WelltheBIOSistheCPU'sbrain.WithoutaHypothalamusyouwilldie.WithoutaBIOSyourPCisapaperweight.
TheBIOSisprogrammedonanEEPROM.WerefertothemasBIOSchips.Othernamesyoumayhearare:
FirmwareHub,CMOS,ROMChipIC,FlashRomandIamsurethereareafewmore!
Ifyouwantacommontermforalltheseitemswhenreferingtomotherboards,BIOSchipisthethemostcommontermused.Hereareallthetermsmentionedabovewithadescriptionofwhattheyactaullymean:
CMOS=(complementarymetal-oxidesemiconductor)Asemiconductortechnologythatuseslesspowerandgenerateslessheat(enablinghighercircuitdensity)thanbipolarsemiconductortechnologiesFirmware=Acategoryofmemorychipsthatholdtheircontentwithoutelectricalpower.Theyincluderead-onlymemory(ROM),programmableROM(PROM)andelectronicallyerasablePROM(EEPROM)technologies.Firmwarebecomes"hardsoftware"whenholdingprogramcode.Thecontentsaregenerallypermanentorsemipermanentcontrolcodingimplementedatamicroinstructionlevelforanapplicationprogram,instructionset,operatingroutineorsimilaruser-orientedfunction.NOTE:
IntelcallstheirBIOSchipsFirmwareHubs.EEPROM=(electricallyerasableprogrammableROM)Atypeofprogrammableread-onlymemory(ROM)thatcanbeerasedorupdatedusingelectricalsignals,aprocessoftenperformedremotely.
ROM=(read-onlymemory)Datastoredincomputermemorythatcanbeaccessedand
readbytheuser,butnotmodified.ROMisoftenpermanent,andstoressystemcontrolsoftware.flashmemory=Anonvolatilestoragechipthatenableseasyelectricalerasabilityandreprogramming,oftenusedtoremotelyupdateroutersormodemswithnewversionsofsoftware.IC=(integratedcircuit)Anassemblyofelectroniccircuitscontainedonasinglepieceofsemiconductormaterial.
So,aBIOSchipisanIC,CMOS,EEPROM,Flashmemory,FirmwarechipthatholdssoftwarecalledtheBIOS.TheBIOSisprogrammableviasoftware(flashprogramssuchasAMIFLASH,AWDFLASH,PHLASHorUniflash.Youcanseealinktotheseprogramsherehere:
BIOSFlashutils.ForthepersonwhostillhasnoideaabouttheBIOSonyourPC,noticewhenyoufirstturnonyourPCorlaptopafewscreenspopup.ItmightbealogosuchasDELLorHPorASUS,Tyan,AMIBIOS,AWARDBIOSetc.Youmightalsoseeamemorycount.ThisisallpartofthePOST(PowerOnSelfTest).POSTisatesttheBIOSrunsbeforeithandsovercontroltotheOS(OperatingSystem).YoucanseemoreofthepostifyoudisablethelogooptioninyourBIOS.OtherwisejustknowthatifyouseealogothePOSTisrunning.FormoreinforonthePOSTclickhere:
PowerOnSelfTest..YoucanreadallaboutthePOSTcodesetconthatsite.
WelleventuallyIwilladdsomesettingstohelpyouoptimizeyourBIOSbutfornowI'llfinishwitharecommendation.DonotflashyourmotherboardBIOS!
IfyoufeelyouneedtoupdateyourBIOSbuyapreprogrammedBIOSupdatechipfromBIOSMAN.com.FlashingyourBIOSisrisky.Ifanythinggoeswrongwhileyou'reflashingityourmotherboard/PCisnowapaperweight!
ClickheretobuyaBIOSUpdateChipTherearetwomethodstoupdateyiourBIOSchip:
1.Flashit(softwaremethod)
2.ProgramitwithanEEPROMprogrammer.Thisisahardwaremethod.Thisis
howweatBIOSMANprogramsallourBIOSchips.
Itismuchmorethoroughthanaflash.Thinkofitlikeaharddrive.ifyou"formatc:
/"aharddriveyouwipeoutallthecontentsOrdoyou?
Notreally.Thatdataisstillrecoverable.ifyoureallywanttocleanthedriveorstartwithafreshdriveyouwriteO'sand1'stoit,thisisalsoknownasalow-levelformat.Utilitiessuchaswipe.exewillaccomplishthis.Ifyoudon'tlowlevelformatyourHDbeforeloadingitorsellingitthenyouhaveprettymuchleftallyourolddataonthedrive.FlashingaBIOSchipisthesameprocedure.ItbasicallywritesontopofthedataalreadyontheBIOSchip.TheBootBlockwon'tbewrittenoverunlessyouspecifyittobebutforsomeBIOS'syouhaveto(SeeAMIBIOSflash)!
!
AnEEPROMprogrammerwipesthechipcleanbeforewritingthenewBIOStoit.ThisisjustonereasonwhybuyinganewBIOSchipfromusispreferabletoflashingoneyourself.OkIsortofskippedoiverwhatabootblockissoletmecoverthat.TheBootblockisasectionofaBIOSchipthatwon'tbeprogrammed.Itcontainsasmallamountofinformation.Forinstance,inanAMIBIOSthebootblockcontainstheAMIFLASH.exeflashprogramandsomecodetoallowittorunifthe"CTRL"and"Home"keysarepressedonthekeyboard.ItwillbasicallyrecoveryourBIOSiftheflashwentbad.YoucanreadaboutAMIBIOSrecoveryandAWARDBIOSrecoveryhere:
AMIBIOSandAWARDBIOS.Ohyeahifyou'rewonderingwhyIleftoffthePhoenixBIOSrecoverytechnique,wellthereisnt'one!
That'sjustanotherreasontobuyaBIOSchipvs.tryingtoflashone!
OksonowhopefullyyouareconvincedtonotflashyourBIOSusingasoftware
utility.Youalsodon'twanttobuyanEEPROMprogrammerfor$1500.00sojustforkoutthe$25.00andbuyyoiurnewBIOSupdatefromBIOSMAN.COM!
Oksoi'mpushingourstoreonyoubutBIOSMANcameintoexistenceforareason.100'sofpeoplebuyBIOS'severymonthfromusbecausetheirsystemisdownduetoafailedflash!
Whynotbeproactiveratherthenreactive?
Thinkofitlikehavingasparebatteryforyourflashlight.Whywaittillapowerouttagetorealizeyourbatteriesaredead?
Speakingofpowerouttage,oneofthetopreasonsforaBIOSflashfailureisthatthereisapowerouttageorabreakinpowertothePCwhiletheflashisinprogress.Justanotherforthe1000'sofreasonswhynottoattemptaBIOSupdateyourself!
BIOSchipscomeinmanyflavors.Ontheleftisa32pinDIPchip.Thesechipsareusually2Mb(256KB)insize.Someare1Mb(128KB)butthoseareoldandwehardlygetordersforthem.BelowiswhataPLCCchiplookslike.Thisisthemostcommonvarietynowadays.Theyalsocomeinmanyflavors,128KB,256KB,512KB(4Mb)orthemostpopularandthelargesttodaythe1MB(8Mb)chipsBIOSMANprogramsallthetypesmentioned.OksoletsgetbacktomoreBIOSbasics.WhywouldyouwanttoupgradeyourBIOS?
Herearethemostcommonreasons:
1.largeharddrivesupport.OlderBIOS'scouldn'tseedriveslargerthan37GBduethe48bitproblem.
2.NewvideocardtechnologysuchasAGP8Xsupport,orinoldermachines2Xto4X.TodaytheSLIsupportisabiggie
3.ACPIcompatibility
4.CPUsuppoirt.BIOScompaniesoftenreleasenewCPUmicrocodeupdatestothemotherboardcompanieswhointurnaddthemtotheirBIOS'stosupportnewerCPU's
5.Fixproblems.ThemotherboardcompaniesoftenreleasemanyBIOS'swhena
motherboardisfirstreleased.AcommonculpritisUSBcompatibility.Thereare
somanyUSBdevicesnowadaysandmanyofthemtrytousethesameIRQ.Nota
probllemwhenXPloadsbutasthesystemBIOSisloading,IRQconflictscan
causeyourUSBdevicestonotbefound.
6.Memorysupport.Newerfastermemorycanhaveissuesonyourmotherboard.
Mightbelargerthanwhatwasoriginallytestedorapproved.Atweakfromthe
motherboardcompanycanfixthat.
7.Themostcommonreason.YouupdateyourBIOSbecausethereisaBIOSupdate
available!
(OKidothistoo!
)Youjustcan'tstopyourself.Itssortifthe
samereasonyouhaveallthelatestgadgets.
AllaregoodreasontoupdateyourBIOSsobuyonefromusratherthanflashing
it!
BIOSSettings
ThissectiondescribesmostoftheBIOSsettingsthatyouwillfindinatypicalPentium-classorhigherPC.SomeBIOSsettingsarequiteuniversal,whileotherscanbefoundononlythesystemsmadewithonetypeofBIOSormadebyonemanufacturer.ThissectionliststhemostcommonsettingsthatareusedinmodernPCs,withfullexplanationsastowhattheyareandhowtosetthem.Thisincludesthemorecommonadvancedsettings,butdoesnotattempta"shotgun"coverageofeverysettingI'veeverseenonamachine.Someareveryatypicalandusuallynotsomethingyouneedtoworryabout.Thelesscommonasettingis,themoreoftenitisthecasethatyoureallywillwanttoleaveitonitsdefaultsettinganyway.Notalways,butusually.
BythenatureofhowIdesignedthissection,itshouldcover9
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