考研英语真题与答案.docx
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考研英语真题与答案.docx
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考研英语真题与答案
20XX年考研英语真题与答案
20XX年考研英语真题和答案
SectionIUseofEnglish
Directions:
Redthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)forechnumberedblnkndmrk,B,Cor
DonNSWERSHEET1.(10points)
Reserchonnimlintelligencelwysmkesmewonderjusthowsmrthumnsre.1the
fruit-flyexperimentsdescribedinCrlZimmer’spieceintheScienceTimesonTuesdy.Fruitflieswhoweretughttobesmrterthnthevergefruitfly2toliveshorterlives.Thissuggests
tht3bulbsburnlonger,thtthereisn4innotbeingtooterrificllybright.
Intelligence,it5out,ishigh-pricedoption.Ittkesmoreupkeep,burnsmorefuelndisslow
6thestrtinglinebecuseitdependsonlerning—grdul
7—instedofinstinct.Plentyof
otherspeciesrebletolern,ndoneofthethingsthey’vepprentlylernediswhento8.
Istherendptivevlueto9intelligence?
Tht’sthequestionbehindthisnewreserch.Ilikeit.Instedofcstingwistfulglnce10tllthespeciesweI.Q.-’wise,veleftitimplicitlyinthedust
skswhttherel11ofourownintelligencemightbe.Thisis12themindofeveryniml
Ievermet.
Reserchonnimlintelligencelsomkesmewonderwhtexperimentsnimlswould13on
humnsiftheyhdthechnce.Everyctwithnowner,14,isrunningsmll-sclestudyin
operntconditioning.webelievetht15nimlsrnthelbs,theywouldtestusto16thelimitsof
ourptience,ourfithfulness,ourmemoryforterrin.Theywouldtrytodecidewhtintelligence
inhumnsisrelly17,notmerelyhowmuchofitthereis.18,theywouldhopetostudy19
question:
rehumnsctullywreoftheworldtheylivein?
20theresultsreinconclusive.
1.[]Suppose[B]Consider[C]Observe[D]Imgine
2.[]tended[B]fered[C]hppened[D]thretened
3.[]thinner[B]stbler[C]lighter[D]dimmer
4.[]tendency[B]dvntge[C]inclintion[D]priority
5.[]insistson[B]sumsup[C]turnsout[D]putsforwrd
6.[]off[B]behind[C]over[D]long
7.[]incredible[B]spontneous[C]inevitble[D]grdul
8.[]fight[B]doubt[C]stop[D]think
9.[]invisible[B]limited[C]indefinite[D]different
10.[]upwrd[B]forwrd[C]fterwrd[D]bckwrd
11.[]fetures[B]influences[C]results[D]costs
12.[]outside[B]on[C]by[D]cross
13.[]deliver[B]crry[C]perform[D]pply
14.[]bychnce[B]incontrst[C]susul[D]forinstnce
15.[]if[B]unless[C]s[D]lest
16.[]moderte[B]overcome[C]determine[D]rech
17.[]t[B]for[C]fter[D]with
18.[]bovell[B]fterll[C]However[D]Otherwise
19.[]fundmentl[B]comprehensive[C]equivlent[D]hostile
20.[]Byccident[B]Intime[C]Sofr[D]Betterstill
SectionIIRedingComprehension
Prt
Directions:
Redthefollowingfourtexts.nswerthequestionsbelowechtextbychoosing,B,CorD.
MrkyournswersonNSWERSHEET1.(40points)
Text1
Hbitsrefunnything.Werechforthemmindlessly,settingourbrinsonuto-pilotnd
relxingintotheunconsciouscomfortoffmilirroutine.“Notchoice,buthbitrulestheunreflectingherd,”WillimWordsworthsidinthe19thcentury.Inthe-chngingever21st
century,eventheword“hbit”crriesnegtiveconnottion.
Soitseemsntitheticltotlkbouthbitsinthesmecontextscretivityndinnovtion.But
brinreserchershvediscoveredthtwhenweconsciouslydevelopnewhbits,wecrete
prllelsynpticpths,ndevenentirelynewbrincells,thtcnjumpourtrinsofthoughtonto
new,innovtivetrcks.
Butdon’tbothertryingtokilloffoldhbits;oncethoserutsofprocedurerewornintothe
hippocmpus,they’retheretosty.Insted,thenewhbitswedelibertelyingrinintoourselves
creteprllelpthwysthtcnbypssthoseoldrods.
“Thefirstthingneededforinnovtionisfscintionwithwonder,”sysDwnMrkov,of“TheOpenMind”ndnexecutivechngeconsultntforProfessionlThinkingPrtners.
weretughtinstedto‘decide,’justsourpresidentcllshimself‘theDecider.’”however,tht“todecideistokilloffllpossibilitiesbutone.goodinnovtionlthinkeris
lwysexploringthemnyotherpossibilities.”
llofusworkthroughproblemsinwysofwhichwe’reunwre,shesys.Reserchersinthe
lte1960coveredththumnsrebornwiththecpcitytopprochchllengesinfourprimry
wys:
nlyticlly,procedurlly,reltionlly(orcollbortively)ndinnovtively.tpuberty,
however,thebrinshutsdownhlfofthtcpcity,preservingonlythosemodesofthoughttht
hveseemedmostvlubleduringthefirstdecdeorsooflife.
Thecurrentemphsisonstndrdizedtestinghighlightsnlysisndprocedure,meningthtfew
ofusinherentlyuseourinnovtivendcollbortivemodesofthought.“Thisbreksthemjoruleinthemericnbeliefsystem—thtnyonecndonything,”explinsM.J.Ryn,uthor
ofthe20XXbook“ThisYerIWill...”ndMsbusiness.Mrkovprtner’s.“Tht’sliethtwe
hveperpetuted,nditfosterscommonness.Knowingwhtyou’regoodtnddoingevenmore
ofitcretesexcellence.”Thisiswheredevelopingnewhbitscomesin.
21.TheviewofWordsworthhbitisclimedbybeing
.csul
B.fmilir
C.mechnicl
D.chngeble.
22.Thereserchershvediscoveredthttheformtionofhbitcn
be.predictedB.regultedC.trcedD.guided
23.”ruts”(inlineone,prgrph3)hsclosestmeningto
.trcks
B.series
C.chrcteristics
D.connections
24.Ms.Mrkov’scommentssuggestthttheprcticeofstndrdtesting?
preventsnewhbitsformbeingformed
B,nolongeremphsizescommonness
C,mintinstheinherentmericnthinkingmodel
D,complieswiththemericnbeliefsystem
25.Rynmostprobblygreetht
.idesrebornofrelxingmind
B.innovtivenesscouldbetught
C.decisivenessderivesfromfntsticides
D.curiosityctivtescretiveminds
Text2
Itiswiseftherthtknowshisownchild,buttodymncnboosthispternl(ftherly)
wisdom–ortlestconfirmththe’sthekid’sdd.llheneedstodoisshellour$30forpternitytestingkit(PTK)thislocldrugstore–ndnother$120togettheresults.
Morethn60,000peoplehvepurchsedthePTKssincetheyfirstbecomevilblewithout
prescriptionslstyers,ccordingtoDougFog,chiefopertingofficerofIdentigene,which
mkestheover-the-counterkits.MorethntwodozencompniessellDNtestsDirectlyto
thepublic,rnginginpricefromfewhundreddollrstomorethn$2500.
mongthemostpopulr:
pternityndkinshiptesting,whichdoptedchildrencnusetofind
theirbiologiclreltivesndltestrgemnypssiontegenelogists-ndsupportsbusinesses
thtoffertoserchforfmily’sgeogrphicroots.
Mosttestsrequirecollectingcellsbywebbingslivinthemouthndsendingittothecompny
fortesting.lltestsrequirepotentilcndidtewithwhomtocompreDN.
Butsomeobserversreskepticl,“Thereiskindofflseprecisionbeinghwkedbypeopleclimingtheyredoingncestrytesting,”sysTreyDuster,NewYorkUniversitysociologist.Henotesthtechindividulhsmnyncestors-numberinginthehundredsjustfewcenturies
bck.Yetmostncestrytestingonlyconsiderssinglelinege,eithertheYchromosomeinherited
throughmeninfther’slineormitochondrilDN,whichpsseddownonlyfrommothers.
ThisDNcnrevelgeneticinformtionboutonlyoneortwoncestors,eventhough,for
exmple,justthreegenertionsbckpeoplelsohvesixothergret-grndprentsor,
fourgenertionsbck,14othergret-gret-grndprents.
Criticslsorguethtcommercilgenetictestingisonlysgoodsthereferencecollectionsto
whichsmpleiscompred.Dtbsesusedbysomecompniesdon’trelyondtcollectedsystemticllybutrtherlumptogetherinformtionfromdifferentreserchprojects.Thismens
thtDNdtbsemydifferdependingonthecompnythtprocessestheresults.Inddition,
thecomputerprogrmscompnyusestoestimtereltionshipsmybeptentedndnot
subjecttopeerrevieworoutsideevlution.
26.Inprgrphs1nd2,thetextshowsPTK’.s_____
[]esyvilbility
[C]successfulpromotion
[D]populritywithhouseholds
27.PTKisusedto__________.
[]locteone’sbirthplce
[B]promotegeneticreserch
[C]identifyprent-childkinship
[D]choosechildrenfordoption
28.Skepticlobserversbelievethtncestrytestingfilsto__________.
[]trcedistntncestors
[B]rebuildreliblebloodlines
[C]fullyusegeneticinformtion
[D]chievetheclimedccurcy
29.Inthelstprgrph,problemcommercilgenetictestingfcesis__________.
[]disorgnizeddtcollection
[B]overlppingdtbsebuilding
30.nppropritetitleforthetextismostlikelytobe__________.
[]ForsndginstsofDNtesting
[B]DNtestingndIt’sproblems
[C]DNtestingoutsidethelb
[D]liesbehindDNtesting
Text3
Thereltionshipbetweenformleductionndeconomicgrowthinpoorcountriesiswidelymisunderstoodbyeconomistsndpoliticinslikeprogressinbothreisundoubtedlynecessryforthesocil,politiclndintellectuldevelopmentofthesendllothersocieties;however,theconventionlviewthteductionshouldbeoneoftheveryhighestprioritiesforpromotingrpideconomicdevelopmentinpoorcountriesiswrong.Werefortuntethtisit,becusenew
eductionlsystemstherendputtingenoughpeoplethroughthemtoimproveeconomic
performncewouldrequiretwoorthreegenertions.Thefindingsofreserchinstitutionhve
consistentlyshownthtworkersinllcountriescnbetrinedonthejobtochieverdiclhigher
productivitynd,sresult,rdicllyhigherstndrdsofliving.
Ironiclly,thefirstevidenceforthisidepperedintheUnitedSttes.Notlonggo,withthe
countryenteringrecessingndJpntitspre-bubblepek.TheU.S.workforcewsderideds
poorlyeductedndoneofprimrycuse
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