《伦敦1802》.docx
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《伦敦1802》.docx
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《伦敦1802》
Sonnet18
ByWilliamShakespeare
ShallIcomparetheetoasummer’sday?
Thouartmorelovelyandmoretemperate:
RoughwindsdoshakethedarlingbudsofMay,
Andsummer’sleasehathalltooshortadate:
Sometimestoohottheeyeofheavenshines
Andoftenishisgoldcomplexiondimed;
Andeveryfairformfairsometimesdeclines,
Bychanceornature’schangingcourseuntrimmed;
Butthyeternalsummershallnotfade,
Norlosepossessionofthatfairthouow’st;
Norshalldeathbragthouwander’stinhisshade.
Whenineternallinestotimethougrow’st:
Solongasmencanbreathe,oreyescansee,
Solonglivesthis,andthisgiveslifetothee.
十四行诗(其十八)
威廉·莎士比亚
我能把你比作夏日吗?
尽管你更可爱、更温和;
夏日的狂风可能会摧残五月的花儿,
季节的限制又减少了可拥有的日光;
天空的巨眼有时过于灼热,
常使自身的辉煌无故湮没;
每一种美都会消逝,
不管愿意或是无奈;
然而你这盛夏将永存不朽,
连你所有的美都不会褪去;
死神不忍逼近,
生命只会长存;
只要人类能呼吸,能看见;
我的诗就会存在,而你的生命也会延续。
Sonnet18isabsolutelyoneofthemostfamoussonnetsofShakespeare.AlmosteveryEnglishlearnercanrecitesomelinesofiteitherforappreciationorpleasureasboththethematicfeatureandartisticfeatureshinebrightlyandattractively.Inthefollowing,Iwillillustratemyunderstandingofthissonnetinthesetwoaspects.
Firstly,somethingaboutthesonnet’sthematicfeaure.
Thefirsttwolines,intheformofaquestionandanassertivestatement,showthepoet’sideaofcomparinghisbelovedwithasummer’sdayandalsopointoutthatthebelovedpersonismorebeautifulandlessextremethansummer.Itisunderstandablethatsummerischosenasthecomparisontargetbecauseitislovelyandpleasant.Whilethenextsixlinesdescribethelesspleasantaspectsofsummer:
thetoostongwind,theextremehotweatheraswellastheeasydisappearanceofallbeauties.Theninthlinetakesupthecomparisonwithsummeragain:
summerhasbynowbecomethesummeroflife.Thecomparisonturnsintoacontrastbyreferringbacktotheseventh.Thepoet'sassurancebecomesevenfirmerinlineselevenandtwelve,whichcontainapromisethatdeathwillbeconqueredthatthebelovedone’sspiritandlifewillsurelybeeternal.Thelasttwolinesfurthuremphasizethepoet’sbeliefthattheeternityofspiritandvirtueofhisbelovedbypointingoutthepoem’seternalfunctionandexistence.
Withthisarrangementofstructureandcontent,thepoetgivesthissonnettwothematicmeanings.Theprimarymeaningissimplyastatementtopraisethebeautyofthebelovedone.Butthemoreimportantanddeeponeisthepoet’sthoughtthatthepowerofthepoemwhichcandefytimeandlastforever.Itsdoublethemesisonedistinguishingfeatureofthesonnet.
Secondly,theanalysisofthissonnet’sartisticfeature.
Itcontains14lines.Wecaneasilyobservethattheendsofline1andline3havetheendrhyme:
/ei/,line2andline4rhymewith/eit/.Andthesefourlinesformaquatrain.Thesameformisusedinthesecondquatrainfromline5toline8,thethirdquatrainfromline9toline12.However,thelasttwolineshavetheirownform,astheyhavetheend
rhyme:
/i:
/Eachlineinthissonnetisiniambicpentameterwhichmeanseachlinehasfivefeet,usuallyanunaccentedsyllablefollowedbyanaccentedsyllable.Forexample,wecandividethefirstlineintofiveindependentfeetas“ShallI/compare/theeto/asum/mer’sday?
”withaccentsonshall,com,thee,a,merrespectively.
Wecanalsofindsomerepetitionsofthesamewordsinthebeginningofseverallines,suchasthe“And”usedintheline6and7,the“Nor”inline10and11,the“solong”inline13and14.Thealliterationalsoexistsinthissonnet.Bothmakethesonnet’stonemuchmoremelodious.
Somefiguresofspeecharealsoinuselikesimileandpersonification.Wecanseethesunisregardedas“theeyeofheaven”whichisasimile.Wecanfindtheword“his”usedtodescribethesunandthedeathwhichgivesthemlifeastheillustrationoftheuseofpersonification.Thismakestheimagesthepoetpointsoutlinkedtoeachotherandvividlyformthewholeimagery.
Tomakeageneralconclusionofitsstylisticfeature,thissonnetisatypicalShakespeariansonnetwithfourteenlinesiniambicpentameter,includingthreequatrainsandonecoupletwiththerhymeschemeababcdcdefefgg.Besidesthis,sonnet18isinuseofalliterationandfiguresofspeechwhichaddmorebeautytothetonalityofthepoem.That’sallmyunderstandingofthedistinctivefeaturesofWilliamShakespeare’sSonnet18fromthematicandstylisticperspectives.
sonnet29williamshakespeare
Whenindisgracewithfortuneandmen'seyes,当我时运不济又遭人冷眼
Iallalonebeweepmyoutcaststate,只有独自流泪这被弃的境遇
Andtroubledeafheavenwithmybootlesscries,又用那徒劳的哭喊去搅扰冷漠的老天Andlookuponmyselfandcursemyfate,对影自怜咒怨命运
wishingmeliketoonemorerichinhope,想象自己如某人般前程远大
Featuredlikehim,likehimwithfriendspossessed,又或似他一表人才盛友如云
Desiringthisman'sart,andthatman'sscope,艳羡这人的学问那人的的度量
WithwhatImostenjoycontentedleast;于自己最自得之处却最不满意
Yetinthesethoughtsmyselfalmostdespising,但在这自轻自贱的想法里
HaplyIthinkonthee——andthenmystate,倘若一想起你——我的心怀呵
Liketothelarkatbreakofdayarising便如同初晓的云雀冲天而起
Fromsullenearthsingshymnsatheaven'sgate;离了那阴霾大地在天门里唱起颂曲Forthysweetloverememberedsuchwealthbrings,因你的纯爱赐予我如此丰盈追忆ThatthenIscorntochangemystatewithkings.即便与国王调换际遇我也嗤之以鼻Summary
Resentinghisbadluck,thepoetenviesthesuccessfulartofothersandrattlesoffanimpressivecatalogueoftheillsandmisfortunesofhislife.Hisdepressionisderivedfromhisbeingseparatedfromtheyoungman,evenmoresobecauseheenvisionstheyouthinthecompanyofotherswhilethepoetis"allalone."Stylistically,Sonnet29istypicallyShakespeareaninitsform.Thefirsteightlines,whichbeginwith"When,"establishaconditionalargumentandshowthepoet'sfrustrationwithhiscraft.Thelastsixlines,expectedlybeginninginline9with"Yet"—similartoothersonnets'"But"—andresolvingtheconditionalargument,presentasplendidimageofamorninglarkthat"singshymnsatheaven'sgate."Thisimageepitomizesthepoet'sdelightfulmemoryofhisfriendshipwiththeyouthandcompensatesforthemisfortuneshehaslamented.
赏析Thisisoneofshakespeare'smoreambiguoussonnets:
onedoesnotknowwhothespeakerisreferringtooriftheword"love"inthissonnetreferstoaromanticloveoraplatoniclove.
Thewholepoemexpressesthechangesoftheauthor'sinnerfeelings,whicharefromdisappointtohopeful,fromnegativetopositive,fromdesperatetoattectionate,fromself-abasedtoconfident.disclosesthedesireofappetite,lustandpowerandproposesthatappetiteisthebasicdesire,lusthasitsownduality,thedesireforpowerisadangerandfinallythepapergivesawaytodealwiththedesires.
Itisapoemwhichhelpsussensethegreatnessoflove,whichisthecenterofhislife,thesunshineonacloudyday.
按:
《伦敦1802》是一首充满节奏感的十四行诗,诗人以第二人称的口气对已故的诗人约翰·弥尔顿倾吐心声。
英国诗人弥尔顿(1608-1674),因作品《失乐园》而广为知晓。
诗人一边赞美弥尔顿,一边不满于英国社会的现实问题。
诗人认为英国曾经是一个有着幸福、宗教、骑士、亲情、艺术和文学的伟大国家,而现在这些美誉已丧失。
诗人形容现代的英国像一方沼泽,人们自私,必须用“礼仪,美德,自由和权力”进行教导。
诗人赞美弥尔顿,把他比着自然景物,如星辰,大海和天空。
因为华兹华斯崇尚大自然,所以这是诗人对弥尔顿最高的赞誉。
London1802
byWilliamWordsworth
Milton!
thoushould'stbelivingatthishour:
Englandhathneedofthee:
sheisafen
Ofstagnantwaters:
altar,sword,andpen,
Fireside,theheroicwealthofhallandbower,
HaveforfeitedtheirancientEnglishdower
Ofinwardhappiness.Weareselfishmen;
Oh!
raiseusup,returntousagain;
Andgiveusmanners,virtue,freedom,power.
ThysoulwaslikeaStar,anddweltapart:
Thouhadstavoicewhosesoundwaslikethesea:
Pureasthenakedheavens,majestic,free,
Sodidstthoutravelonlife'scommonway,
Incheerfulgodliness;andyetthyheart
Thelowliestdutiesonherselfdidlay
伦敦1802
威廉·华兹华斯诗/黎历译
弥尔顿!
你应该生活在此刻:
英格兰需要你,一个流水淤滞而成
的沼泽地:
祭坛,利剑,豪笔,
炉边,无穷无尽的巨厅和亭台,
已丧失古时英国人追求
内心幸福的赋秉。
我们是自私的人类;
哦!
抚养我们,回到我们中间;
并赐予我们礼仪,美德,自由和权力。
你的灵魂像一颗遥远的星星:
你的声音像大海那样的雄浑:
似裸露天空般的纯洁,庄严而无拘,
你同样在生活的甬道上
快乐虔诚地跋涉;然而
琐碎之事你也能尽心。
Analysis
"London,1802"isasonnetwitharhymeschemeofabbaabbacddece.
ThepoemiswritteninthesecondpersonandaddressesthelatepoetJohnMilton,wholivedfrom1608–1674andismostfamousforhavingwrittenParadiseLost.
Thepoemhastwomainpurposes,oneofwhichistopayhomagetoMiltonbysayingthathecansavetheentiretyofEnglandwithhisnobilityandvirtue.
TheotherpurposeofthepoemistodrawattentiontowhatWordsworthfeelsaretheproblemswithEnglishsociety.
AccordingtoWordsworth,Englandwasonceagreatplaceofhappiness,religion,chivalry,art,andliterature,butatthepresentmomentthosevirtueshavebeenlost.
WordsworthcanonlydescribemodernEnglandasaswampland,wherepeopleareselfishandmustbetaughtaboutthingslike"manners,virtue,freedom,power."
NoticethatWordsworthcomplimentsMiltonbycomparinghimtothingsfoundinnature,suchasthestars,thesea,and"theheavens."ForWordsworth,beinglikenedtonatureisthehighestcomplimentpossible.
"London,1802"isapoembytheEnglishRomanticpoetWilliamWordsworth.InthepoemWordsworthcastigatestheEnglishpeopleasstagnantandselfish,andeulogisesseventeenth-centurypoetJohnMilton.
Composedin1802,"London,1802"waspublishedforthefirsttimeinPoems,inTwoVolumes(1807).
Structureandsynopsis
WordsworthbeginsthepoembywishingthatMiltonwerestillalive,for"Englandhathneedofthee."ThisisbecauseitishisopinionthatEnglandhasstagnatedmorallybycomparisontoMilton'speriod.Tothisend,WordsworthpleadsforMiltontorathermessianically"raiseusup,returntousagain;/Andgiveusmanners,virtue,freedom,power."
Inthesixsubsequentlines(thesestet)followingthefirsteightlines(theoctave),WordsworthexplainswhyMil
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