虚拟语气语法及试题.docx

虚拟语气语法及试题.docx

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虚拟语气语法及试题

1．虚拟语气用于条件状语从句（一般形式）

虚拟语气一般表示不可能实现的愿望或者对既定事实的一种假设。

条件从句中的谓语动词的形式

主句中的谓语动词的形式

对现在虚拟

动词过去式（be动词用were）

should/would/could/might+动词原形

对过去虚拟

had+过去分词

should/would/could/might+have+过去分词

对将来虚拟

1.动词过去式（be动词用were）

should/would/could/might+动词原形

2.should+动词原形

should/would/could/might+动词原形

3.wereto+动词原形

should/would/could/might+动词原形

注意：

（1）主句中的should通常用于第一人称，would,could,might可用于任何人称，同可根据意思选择合适的情态动词。

（2）有时候，条件从句表示的动作和主句表示的动作，发生的时间是不一致的（如一个是过去发生的，一个是现在发生的）。

这时，动词的形式要根据它所表示的时间来调整。

Iftheweatherhadbeenmorefavorable,thecropswouldbegrowingstillbetter.

Ifyouwereinbetterhealth,wewouldhaveallowedyoutojointheminthework.

Ifwehadn’tgoteverythingreadybynow,weshouldbehavingaterribletimetomorrow.

（3）若if从句中省略if，则前提were/had/should，把它们倒装放到主语之前：

WereIinschoolagain,Iwouldworkharder.

Hadyoubeenhereearlier,youwouldhaveseenhim.

Shouldtherebeameetingtomorrow,Iwouldcome.

2.虚拟语气用于宾语从句

（1）“wish+宾语从句”表示不能实现的愿望，“可惜…/悔不该…/但愿…”从句中谓语动词形式一般退后一个时态：

与现在事实相反：

动词过去式

与过去事实相反:

had+done或could（would）+have+done

与将来事实相反：

could/would/might+do例如：

Iwishyoutoldmeearlier.

Wewishwehadarrivedtheretwohoursearlier.

Iwishwecouldgototheseasidetoday/tomorrow

（2）某些动词后的宾语从句中需用should+动词原形的虚拟语气形式，“should”可以省略。

常见的动词有:

坚持insist;命令order,command;建议suggest,advise,propose,recommend;要求demand,request,require,ask,desire,urge;另外有:

prefer,decide,maintain

注意:

suggest表“暗示”“表明”时，insist表“坚持认为”时不用虚拟语气

Heordered/demanded/suggestedthatthestudents（should）washtheclotheseveryweekbythemselves.

Mikeinsistedthathehadneverstolenanything.Herpalefacesuggestedthatshewasill.

3.虚拟语气用于表语从句/同位语从句.

作advice/idea/order/demand/plan/proposal/suggestion/request/decision等后面的表语从句和同位语从句，其谓语动词要用虚拟语气的结构“（should）+动词原形”.例如：

Weallagreedtohissuggestionthatwe（should）gotoBeijingforsightseeing.

Myideaisthathe（should）doexercisesfirst.

4.虚拟语气用于主语从句。

基本句型：

（1）.Itbe+过去分词+that…+（should）+动词原形+…

过去分词：

suggested,proposed,recommended,requested,ordered,desired,decided,required , demanded,etc.

Itisrequiredthatnobody（should）smokehere.

It’ssuggestedthateverybody（should）buyadictionary.

（2）.Itbe+形容词+that…+（should）+动词原形+…

形容词:

important,necessary,natural,appropriate,right,wrong,better,proper,funny,strange,surprising…desirable（想要的）,preferable （更可取的）, better ,advisable（明智的/合理的/适当的/可行的）, essential , vital , probable, possible,strange,urgent（紧迫的）etc.

Itisnecessarythatwe（should）haveawalknow.

It'simportantthatwe（should）takegoodcareofthepatient.

（3）.Itbe+名词（advice ，decision ，desire ，demand ，idea，motion ，order，pity ，preference ，proposal，recommendation ，requirement，resolution，shame，suggestion，surprise，wish，wonder,apity/ashame/nowonder）that…+（should）+动词原形+…

注意

（2）&（3）:

这种从句表示的是事实。

如果说话人对这种事实表示惊奇，就用虚拟语气。

反之，如果不表示惊奇，that从句也可用陈述语气。

例如:

Itisstrangethathedidnotcomeyesterday.Itisapitythatyoucan’tswim.

5.其它状语从句中的虚拟语气

（1）虚拟语气用于以asif/asthough引导的表语从句或状语从句.谓语动词的形式有三种，与上文的wish的用法完全相同。

但asif/asthough后的从句也常用陈述语气，这是因为从句中的情况往往是可能发生的或可能被设想为真实的。

例如：

Itlooksasifoursideisgoingtowin.

（2）用在lest,forfearthat和incase引导的状语从句中，这时谓语动词用should+动词原形，should可以省略。

Sheclosedthewindowslestshe（should）catchacold.

6.虚拟语气的一些特殊句式

（1）“Itis（high/about）time（that）…”句型中，从句的谓语动词用过去式，或should＋动词原形（should不能省略,be用were来）表示，意为“（现在）该…”　

ItistimethatIwentandpickedupmylittlegirlfromschool.

Itishightimeweweregoing.

（2）ifonly引导的感叹句：

IfonlyIhadtakenhisadvice.IfonlyIwereabird.

（3）Ifitwerenotfor…．此结构意为“如果没有…”，表示与现在事实相反的假设．

Ifithadnotbeenfor…“如果当时没有…”，表示与过去事实相反的假设．

Ifitwerenotfortherain,thecropsshould/woulddie.（Wereitnotfortherain,…）

Ifithadnotbeenforyourtimelyhelp,Iwouldhavefailed.（Haditnotbeenforyour,…）

（4）在wouldrather后面的从句中：

A.从句用过去时指现在。

B.从句用过去时指将来。

C.从句用过去完成时指过去。

例如：

Iwouldratheryoupaidmenow.Iwouldrathertheycametomorrow.

Iwouldrathershehadn’tdonethat.

5）A.通过分词短语表达条件．例如：

Givenmoreattention,thecropscouldhavegrownbetter.（=Iftheyhadbeengivenmore…）

B.用介词短语代替条件状语从句.例如:

Withoutair,therewouldbenolivingthings.Iwouldnothavesucceededbutforyourhelp.

C.情境中提供虚拟语气

Supposetherewerenogravity,objectswouldnotfalltothegroundwhendropped.

Shewasn’tfeelingverywell.Otherwiseshewouldn’thaveleftthemeetingsoearly.

6）无词句暗示条件．例如：

Suchmistakescouldhavebeenavoided.（暗含条件从句　ifwehadbeenmorecareful.）

Itwassoquietthatyoucouldhaveheardapindrop.（暗含条件从句　ifithaddroppedtotheground.）

虚拟语气练习  

1.Everything______ifAlberthadn’tcalledthefirebrigade.

a.willbedestroyedb.willhavebeendestroyed

b.wouldbedestroyedd.wouldhavebeendestroyed

2.Ifyouhadn’tgonewithTomtothepartylastnight,______.

a.youwouldmeetJohnalreadyb.youwon’thavemissedJohn

c.youwillhavemetJohnd.youwouldhavemetJohn

3.Supposingthisship______,doyouthinktherewouldbeenoughlifejacketsforallthepassengers?

a.wassinkingb.hassunkc.weretosinkd.sunk

4.Theinsectswoulddevourallourcrops,if______fortheprotectionwegetfrominsect-eatinganimals.

a.itisnotb.itwerenotc.wereitnotd.theywerenot

5.Theteachersuggestedthateachstudent______aplanforthevacation.

a.madeb.makec.makesd.willmake

6.Frankly,I’dratheryou______anythingaboutitforthetimebeing.

a.dob.don’tdoc.didn’tdod.willnotdo

7.Thebusinessofeachday,______sellinggoodsorshippingthem,wentquitesmoothly.

a.itbeingb.beitc.wasitd.itwas

8.Theideaisthatthenation______anunmannedspacecrafttoexploretheplanetfirst.

a.sentb.sendsc.sendd.mustsend

9.It’shightimeyou______.

a.starttoworkb.wouldstarttoworkc.startedtoworkd.hadstartedtowork

10.“IfIhadn’tpracticedwhenIwasyounger,”themusiciansays,“I______abletoplaysowellnow.”

a.wouldn’tbeb.won’tbec.wouldn’thavebeend.couldn’thavebeen

11.Itisessentialthatyou______thereinperson.

a.areb.werec.bed.willbe

12.I’djustassoon______tothetheatretonight.

a.notgoingb.nottogoc.notgod.thatIwon’tgo

13.Werequiredthatthemachineparts______castiron（煅铁，铸铁）.

a.ismadeofb.bemadefromc.bemadeofd.ismadeby

14.Themanagerurgedthatthecostofproduction______.

a.tobefurtherreducedb.wasfurtherreduced

c.befurtherreducedd.shouldfurtherreduced

15.Thebusinessisrisky.But______wewouldberich.

a.shouldwesucceedb.weshouldsucceedc.mightwesucceedd.wouldwesucceed

16.Iwishourteacher______togiveanothertest.Ihaven’tgotpreparedyet.

a.isn’tgoingb.weren’tgoingc.willnotgoingd.couldhavegone

17.IwishI______tothemovieswithyoulastnight.

a.wentb.didgoc.couldgod.couldhavegone

18.I’djustassoon______rudelytoher.

a.thatyouwon’tspeakb.yournotspeakingc.younotspeakd.youdidn’tspeak

19.IfI______inthetwenty-firstcentury,I______myvacationinaverydifferentway.

a.shouldlive…wouldspendb.willlive….shouldspend

c.areliving…shouldhavespentd.willbeliving…wouldhavespent

20.Itisrequiredthatthemachine______asfrequentlyasnecessary.

a.beoiledb.mustbeoiledc.isoiledd.willoil

21.HisEnglishteacherrecommendsthathe______aregulardegreeprogram.

a.beginsb.beginc.willbegind.isbeginning

22.Wepreferthattheplan______beforebeingputintoexecution.

a.isfullydiscussedb.mustbefullydiscussed

c.befullydiscussedd.willbefullydiscussed

23.Whatdoyouthinkofhisproposalthatimprovements______intheoldtypeofvacuumcleaner?

a.bemadeb.willbemadec.wouldbemaded.willhavetobemade

24.Thedoctor’sadviceisthatthepatient______abouthisrealphysicalcondition.

a.     benottoldb.notbetoldc.willnotbetoldd.mustnotbetold

25.______,wecouldnothavefinishedtheworkontime.

a.Iftheydonothelpusb.Wasitnotfortheirhelp

c.Shouldtheyoffertohelpusd.Butfortheirhelp

26.Ifwehadbeenmorecareful,we______muchbetterresultsnow.

a.gotb.hadgotc.wouldbegettingd.wouldhavegot

27.Henry______arichmantodayifhehadbeenmorefrugalinthepast.

a.wouldbeb.isc.willbed.was

28.Theythoughtitdesirablethatanarmedguard______inreadiness.

a.standsb.standc.stoodd.wouldstand

29.Allsciencestudents,______,shouldhaveagoodfoundationinbasicsciences.

a.whethertheyarefuturephysicistsandchemists

b.theyarefuturephysicistsofchemists

c.theyshouldbefuturephysicistsofchemists

d.betheyfuturephysicistsorchemists

30.Sallycan’thavewrittenhome,or______theletterbynow.

a.I’llgetb.I’llhavegotc.I’dhavegotd.I’dget

31.IshouldverymuchliketohavegonetothepartybutI______.

a.amnotinvitedb.wasnotinvitedc.shallnotbeinvitedd.amnotbeinginvited

32.Thereisageneralunderstandingamongthemthatchiefattention______tothisissue.

a.isgivenb.givesc.shouldbegivend.mustbegiven

33.Oneoftherequirementsforafireisthatthematerial______toitsburningtemperature.

a.beheatedb.isheatedc.wouldbeheatedd.toheat

34.“Didyougotoseethefootballmatchyesterday?

”

“No.Ididn’tfeelwell,butIwouldhavegoneifI______.”

a.didb.havec.wouldd.had

35.Ifwehadknownthatshehadplannedtoarrivetoday,we______heratthebusstation.

a.mayhavemetb.mightmeetc.maymeetd.mighthavemet

36.______,IhardlythinkIwouldhaverecognizedhim.

a.Shouldhi