英语高等考试的实词与虚词.docx
- 文档编号:26169023
- 上传时间:2023-06-17
- 格式:DOCX
- 页数:54
- 大小:84.66KB
英语高等考试的实词与虚词.docx
《英语高等考试的实词与虚词.docx》由会员分享,可在线阅读,更多相关《英语高等考试的实词与虚词.docx(54页珍藏版)》请在冰豆网上搜索。
英语高等考试的实词与虚词
.
英语的虚词与实词
虚词<介词、代词、连词、冠词、数词>
虚词没有实在乎义,不可以独立担当句子成分,包含冠词、介词、连词和叹息词:
并且还有一个重要的特色,那
就是,虚词没有词形的变化:
一、冠词(art..):
用在名词前,帮助说明名词。
如:
a,an,the.
1.不定冠词:
a,an
2.定冠词:
the
二、介词(prep.):
表示它后边的名词或代词与其余句子成分的关系。
如in,on,from,above,behind,across,
against,
along,around,
among,
before,
below,beneath,
besides,beyond,
despite,
during,
except,
front,
including,
inside,
like,
into,next,
near,of,
onto,
out,out
of,
outside,over,
owning
to,per,
regarding,
since,
through,
till,
towards,
under,
unlike,
until,
up,
upon,
via,while,with,
within,
without
1.简单介词:
是由一个单词构成的介词。
可分为三类:
①一般介词:
如at,by,for,from,in,of,on,to,with等
②合成介词:
如onto,into,within等
③分词介词:
如including等
2.二重介词:
是由两个简单介词连用而构成的介词。
如:
frombehind,sincebefore,untilafter等
3.短语介词:
是由两个或两个以上的词所构成的短语构成的介词。
如:
infrontof,becauseof,insteadof
等
三、连词(conj.):
用来连结词、短语或句子。
按在句子中的作用可分为并列连词和附属连词:
After,although,also,and,anywhere,as,aslongas,assoonas,because,before,bothandbut,
.
considering,eitherorevenif,evenso,eventhough,,everywhere,for,hence,however,if,incase,
inorderthat,insteadof,likewise,never,nevertheless,notonlybutalso,nowthat,once,or,
otherwise,regardless,since,so,sothat,suchthat,thus,till,until,unless,when,whenever,wherever,
whether,where,while
1.并列连词
①表示平行或平等关系的并列连词:
and,bothand,aswellas,notonlybutalso,neithernor等
②表示转折关系的并列连词:
but,yet,while等
③表示选择关系的并列连词:
or,eitheror等
④表示因果关系的并列连词:
for,so等
2.附属连词:
是指引从句的连词
①指引名词性从句的连词:
that,whether
,if
②指引副词性从句的连词:
when,while
,as,since,before,after,once,as
soon
as,until,till,
because,nowthat
,although
,though,evenif,eventhough,nomatterhow
,nomatterwhat
,
whatever,however
,whether
or,if,unless,solongas,aslongas,inorderthat
,sothat,so
that,asif,asthough
,than
,where,wherever
等
四、代词(pron.):
主要用来取代名词
。
如:
all,another,any,anybody,anyone,anything,each,either,every,
everybody,everything,
he,her,
himself,themselves,itself,I,it,me,mine,yours,
neither,nobody,
none,nothing,other,others,so,some,something,someone,that,these,they,this,those,us,what,
whatever,when,whenever,who,whoever,whose,
五、叹息词(interj..)表示喜、怒、哀、乐等感情。
如:
oh,well,hi,hello
.
一篇文章10个空,一般7个空是有提示词的,相当于用所给词的正确形式填空;此外3
个是没有提示词的,需要我们填入连词,代词,介词,冠词等虚词。
1).名词前面一般用冠词,代词或介词等。
①.Ayoungman,whiletravelingthroughadesert,cameacrossaspringofclearwater.________waterwassweet.
②.Besides,shoppingatthistimeoftheyearwasnot________pleasantexperience.
③.Theyoungmanwenthome________ahappyheart.
④.MoYanwontheNobelPrizefor________greatworks.
⑤._______timegoingby,theboyhasgrownintoastrongman.
⑥.Thegirldanced______themusicofPaulMallrat’sband.
(2).缺主语或宾语,一般填代词。
①.Herearetwobags.Theblue________ismine.
②.Suddenlythewallmoved——________wasmadeoftrees.
③.Newtechnologieshavemade_________possibletoturnoutnewproductsfaster.
④._________isimportantforourstudentstoexerciseonehoureveryday.
(3).并列的两个或多个单词,短语,或句子之间设空,一般填入并列连词and,but,or等。
①.Eachwinnerreceivesagoldmedal,adiploma________asumofmoney.
②.Hewasverytiredfromdoingthisforawholeday,________hefeltveryhappy.
.
③.Whichdoyouprefer,folkmusic________popmusic?
(4).两句之间,假如不是并列句,则很可能是主从句,所以需要填入附属连词(what,which,who,how,when等)。
比方宾语从句,定语从句或许是状语从句的连结词。
这种空格需要同学们依据句子构造,剖析到
底是什么从句,进而选择适合的附属连词。
①.Finallyhereachedalonelyisland________wascompletelycutofffromtheoutsideworld.
②.________hardyourtry,itisdifficulttoloseweight.
③.Ifyouhappentogetlostinthewild,you’dbetterstay________youare.
④.________wehaveenoughevidence,wecannotwinthecase.
⑤.Somechildrenwanttochallengethemselvesbylearningalanguagedifferentfrom______theirparentsspeakathome.
⑥.Atthesametime,therehadbeenagrowingnumberofoverseasstudents________camebacktoChinaafterstudy.
⑦.Myfaceturnedredonhearing________mymothersaid.
⑧._______shecouldn’tunderstandwas_______fewerandfewerstudentsshowedinterestinher
lessons.
⑨.Itwastheabilitytodothejob____mattersnotwhereyoucomefromorwhatyouare.
⑩.Nosoonerhadshegoneout___________astudentcametovisither.
实词是指有实在乎义,能独立担当句子成分的词,包含名词、代词、形容词、副词、动词和数词。
并且还有一个重要的特色,那就是,实词有词形的变化,特别是动词,堪称变化无常:
1、名词(n.):
表示人、事物、地址或抽象观点的名称。
如:
boy,morning,bag,ball,class,orange.
2、形容词(adj..):
表示人或事物的性质或特色。
如:
good,right,white,orange.
.
3
、数词(num.)
:
表示数量或事物的次序。
如:
one,two,three,first,second,third,fourth.
4
、动词(v.):
表示动作或状态。
如:
am,is,are,have,see.
5
、副词(adv.)
:
修饰动词、形容词或其余副词,说明时间、地址、程度等。
如:
well,very,here
,often,
quietly,slowly.
构词法WordFormation
在英语中词的构成方式主要有三种:
合成、转变和派生。
一、合成Compounding两个或更多的词合成一个词。
方式:
1.直接写在一同。
2.用连字符(-)连结。
3.由两个分开的词构成。
(1)合成形容词
方式
例词
1
形容词+形容词
red-hot
2
形容词+名词
first-class,full-time,part-time
3
形容词+此刻分词
good-looking,free-thinking,
4
形容词+过去分词
ready-made
5
形容词+名词-ed
good-tempered,middle-aged,cold-blooded
6
名词+名词-ed
iron-willed
7
名词+形容词
world-famous,day-long
8
名词+此刻分词
beauty-loving,freedom-loving,job-hunting,
9
名词+过去分词
man-made,water-covered,
10
副词+形容词
ever-green
11
副词+此刻分词
hard-working,far-seeing
12
副词+过去分词
well-prepared,quickly-cured,well-known
.
13
数词+名词
five-year
14
数词+名词+形容词
five-year-old
15
数词+名词-ed
four-legged,six-storied
(2)合成动词
构成方式
例词
1
名词+动词
day-dream
2
副词+动词
overcome,upturn翻起
3
形容词+动词
white-wash
(3)合成名词
构成方式
例词
1
名词+名词
horseback,bank-note,newspaper,cellphone,
2
形容词+名词
back-yard,forehead,
3
动名词+名词
hidingplace,reading-room
4
动词+副词
get-off,breakin,
5
副词+动词
output,overflow
(4)合成副词however,maybe,wherever,whenever,forever
(5)合成代词whoever,,whatever,everyone,nobody,myself,something,anything,
二、派生Derivation
前缀
前缀含义例词
a-处在arise,aside,alone
.
en-
使可能
enrich,enable,enslave
dis-
不,否认
dissatisfy,dishonest,disappear,disorder,disagree
un-
不
unable,unknown,uncommon,uncomfortable,unfair,
做相反动作
unclose,undress,uncover,untie
in-
inactive,incapable,inpatient,incorrect
im-
不,非
impossible,impersonal,impolite,immature,impractical
ir-
irregular,irresponsible
il-
illogical,
non-
不,非
nonexistent,non-interference,non-conductor,non-stop
de-
向相反方向发展
Decentralize(分别),defrost(解冻)
anti-
反(对)
anti-freeze,anti-fascist
mis-
错误的,坏的
misdoings,misunderstand,misfortune
re
重复,再
rewrite,remarry,reunite,recycle,
co-
共同
co-exist,co-operate,co-education
ex
从前的
Ex-husband,ex-president
tele
远程
telephone,telegraph,telescope
super-
在上边,超级
supermarket,superpower,
under-
在之下
underline,underestimate,underground,
inter-
互相,之间
international,interact,inter-change
sub-
下,次
subtitle,submarine,subconscious,subcontinent,
trans-
过,穿过,变
transformation(变形),translate
vice-
副
vice-premier,vice-president
.
semi-
半
semifinal,semicircle,semi-automatic
bi
两个
bicycle,biennial两年一次的
tri
三个
triangle三角形,tricycle三轮脚踏车,triplets
三胞胎
mul-
多,多种
multiply,multi-national,multi-coloured
kilo-
千
kilometre,kilogram
后缀
后缀
例词
-er
-ess
-or
-ar
-ese
名-ian
词-ist
-ent/-a
farmer,weaver,pain-killer,murderer,
speaker,cooker,recorder,heater
actress,waitress,princess,hostess
conductor,sailor,transistor,operator,
beggar
Chinese,Portuguese,Japanese
musician,Egyptian,physician
scientist,dentist,communist,socialist,
assistant
villager,
stranger,
nt
-ment
-ness
argument,judgment,government
happiness,greatness,illness,coldness,sleeplessness
-tion
dictation,preparation,repetition,action,information,invention
-ing
building,wedding,painting
.
-ship
-age
-ty
-th
-ance
-ence
-ful
-al
-y
-dom
-ism
leadership,friendship,hardship
shortage,marriage,leakage
loyalty,cruelty,penalty,sixty,twenty,thirty,certainty
truth,warmth,length,growth,fifteenth,fourth
acceptance,assistance,reliance,appearance
dependence,confidence,reference,entrance,defence
mouthful,handful,plateful,
refusal,denial,arrival
difficulty,possibility,
freedom,wisdom,kingdom
socialism,materialism
注意:
-ese,-ian,-ist既能够构成名词,又能够构成形容词。
-er
构成的名词,既有表示人的,又有表示物的。
后缀
例
词
-al
central,industrial,national,natural
-an
European,American,Australian
-ern
eastern,northern,southern
-abl
reasonable,
horrible,
terrible,
believable,
comfortable,
e
forgettable,sensible
-ful
careful,cheerful,grateful,faithful,
-ish
childish,Swedish,selfish
.
-ive
-y
形-less
容
destructive,collective,active,creative,effectivethirsty,dirty,windy,sunny,cloudy,healthy,funnycareless,hopeless,helpless,homeless,limitless
sleepless,
fearless,
词-en
-ous
-ary
-ic
-so
golden,wooden,woolen
courageous,famous,continuous,serious,various
imaginary,revolutionary,secondary
realistic,historic,poetic
troublesome,
- 配套讲稿:
如PPT文件的首页显示word图标,表示该PPT已包含配套word讲稿。双击word图标可打开word文档。
- 特殊限制:
部分文档作品中含有的国旗、国徽等图片,仅作为作品整体效果示例展示,禁止商用。设计者仅对作品中独创性部分享有著作权。
- 关 键 词:
- 英语 高等 考试 实词 虚词