江苏高考英语阅读理解推理判断题讲解及选练含答案汇编.docx
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江苏高考英语阅读理解推理判断题讲解及选练含答案汇编.docx
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江苏高考英语阅读理解推理判断题讲解及选练含答案汇编
江苏2017高考英语阅读理解【推理判断题】讲解及选练(含答案)
阅读理解解题指导
阅读理解历来都是高考英语试卷中难度最大、区分度最高的题型,它要求考生理解文章的主旨和要义;理解文中的具体信息;根据上下文推断生词的词义;理解文章的基本结构;理解作者的意图、观点和态度等。
下面我们来探讨一下高考阅读理解的解题思路。
阅读理解----【推理判断题】
推理判断题主要考查考生对文章的深层理解和挖掘,往往针对作者的态度或观点、文章的隐含意义、文章的写作目的、文章的体裁或者出处来设题考查。
题干中往往含有一些标志性词语:
infer,suggest,imply,conclude等。
命题方式一般有:
Whatcanweinferfromthelastparagraph?
Whatdoesthesecondparagraphsuggest?
Whatattitudedoestheauthorofthetexthavetowards…?
Whatistheauthor’spurposeinwritingthetext?
做推理判断题时,考生要注意挖掘文章的隐含信息,从已知获得未知,而不是凭空臆断。
很多文章,尤其是记叙文和议论文,其语境都有一定的褒贬性,这种褒贬性反映了作者的态度、观点及作者的写作意图。
考生应认真阅读文章并找出反映语境褒贬性的关键性词汇或句子,这对我们掌握文章主旨文意、把握作者观点态度,从而正确地进行逻辑推断大有好处。
如:
真题摘选【1】(2013江苏卷C篇)
Ifichthyosaursdidevolveananti-decompressionmeans,theyclearlydidsoquickly—and,moststrangely,theylostitafterwards.ButthatisnotwhatDrRothschildthinkshappened.Hesuspectsitwasevolutioninotheranimalsthatcausedthechange.
64.Rothschildmighthaveconcludedthatichthyosaurs .
A.failedtoevolveananti-decompressionmeans
B.graduallydevelopedmeasuresagainstthebends
C.diedoutbecauseoflargesharksandcrocodiles
D.evolvedananti-decompressionmeansbutsoonlostit
解析:
根据文中信息,如果鱼龙确实曾经进化得到了一种抗减压病的机能,那么这种进化一定会发展很快,但是奇怪的是,它们后来失去了这一机能。
因此DrRothschild可能得出的结论是:
鱼龙没有进化得到一种抗减压病的机能。
【实战演练】
【2016高考训练】阅读下列短文,从给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中,选出最佳选项。
Doyouwanttogethomefromworkknowingyouhavemadearealdifferenceinsomeone'slife?
Ifyes,don'tcareaboutsexorage!
Comeandjoinus,thenyou'll_make_it!
Position:
VolunteerSocialCareAssistant(NoPaywithFreeMeals)
Place:
Manchester
Hours:
PartTime
Wearenowlookingforvolunteerstosupportpeoplewithlearningdisabilitiestoliveactivelives!
Only4daysleft.Don'tmissthechanceoflendingyourwarmhandstohelpothers!
Role:
Youwillprovidepeoplewithlearningdisabilitieswithallaspectsoftheirdailylives.Youwillhelpthemtodevelopnewskills.Youwillhelpthemtoprotecttheirrightsandtheirsafety.Butyourprimaryconcernistoletthemknowtheyarevalued.
SkillsandExperienceRequired:
Youwillhavetherightvaluesandgreatlisteningskills.Youwillbehonestandpatient.YouwillhavetheabilitytodriveacarandtocommunicateinfluentwrittenandspokenEnglishsinceyou'llhavetohelpthosepeoplewithdifferentlearningdisabilities.Previouscarerelatedexperiencewillbeagreatadvantageforyou.
1.Thetextismeantto________.
A.leaveanote
B.sendaninvitation
C.presentadocument
D.carryanadvertisement
2.Whatdoestheunderlinedpartmean?
A.You'llmakeothers'livesmoremeaningfulwiththisjob.
B.You'llarrivehomejustintimefromthisjob.
C.You'llearnagoodsalaryfromthisjob.
D.You'llsucceedingettingthisjob.
3.Thevolunteers'primaryresponsibilityistohelppeoplewithlearningdisabilities________.
A.togetsomefinancialsupport
B.toproperlyprotectthemselves
C.tolearnsomenewlivingskills
D.torealizetheirownimportance
4.Whichofthefollowingcanfirstbechosenasavolunteer?
A.Theonewhocandriveacar.
B.Theonewhohasdonesimilarworkbefore.
C.Theonewhohaspatiencetolistentoothers.
D.TheonewhocanuseEnglishtocommunicate.
答案:
【语篇解读】 本文是一则广告。
广告中招募志愿者,帮助智障人,让智障人意识到他们的重要性。
1.D 解析:
考查推理判断。
从文中Position,Place,Hours,Role以及SkillsandExperienceRequired的相关信息可知,短文为广告。
2.A 解析:
考查句意理解。
从文章中的“Doyouwanttogethomefromworkknowingyouhavemadearealdifferenceinsomeone'slife”以及第二段中的“Ifyes,don'tcareaboutsexorage!
Comeandjoinus,thenyou'll_make_it”可知,you'llmakeit意为“参加广告中的志愿工作,你将让别人的生活更有意义”。
3.D 解析:
考查细节理解。
根据文中Role部分的“Butyourprimaryconcernistoletthemknowtheyarevalued”可知,志愿者的基本工作是让智障人意识到他们的重要性。
4.B 解析:
考查细节理解。
根据文中SkillsandExperienceRequired部分的“Previouscarerelatedexperiencewillbeagreatadvantageforyou”可知,以前有类似工作经历的人优先。
真题摘选【2】(2013课标卷ⅠA篇)
NowsomepeoplemaythinkI’mabadmotherandnotsuchagreatwifeeither.Butasabig-timebargainhunter,Iknowthevalueofadollar.Andthesedays,agooddealissomethingfewofuscanaffordtopassup.
57.Whatcanwelearnabouttheauthor?
A.Sherarelymissesagooddeal.
B.Sheseldommakesacompromise.
C.Sheisverystrictwithherchildren.
D.Sheisinterestedincheapproducts.
解析:
根据文中第三段可知,作为一名一流的讨价还价高手,作者知道每一美元的价值,由此推断,她几乎不会错过任何一笔能获利的交易,故选A。
【实战演练】
(2015模拟题)
Besidescontainingattractiveflowers,treesandotherplantsthatbeautifythecommunity,ecofriendlyraingardensarehealthyfortheenvironmentandthepeoplelivingandworkingnearby.
Araingardenisnotverydifferentfromatraditionalgarden.Itisjustafarmoreecofriendlygarden.Usuallyitisbuiltlowerthantheground.Raingardensmakesmartuseofrainandstormwaterbytemporarilyholdingwaterfromrainandstormsandlettingitsoak(渗透)slowlyintothegroundbeforeitrunsintostreamsorentersthepublicdrinkingwatersupply.
Thus,araingardenkeepsthewater,allowingittobeusedasneededbyplantsintheraingarden,ratherthanflowingimmediatelyintonearbystreamsandgoingunused.Thewaterwillsoakslowlyintothegroundwithinadayortwo.Thiscreatesanadvantagethattheraingardendoesnotallowmosquitoestobreed.Thisisasimple,attractive,andecofriendly“green”waytotreatstormwater.
What’smore,plantingaraingardenhelpsreducepollutionandimprovetheenvironment.Withoutusingexpensivemachineryandchemicals,raingardensremoveharmfulchemicalsintherainwaterandcutdownontheamountofpollutionreachingstreamsandriversbyupto30%.
Nativeplantsarerecommendedforraingardensbecausetheyaremoreusedtothelocalclimate,soil,andwaterconditions.Theymayattractlocalwildlifesuchasnativebirds.Wateryourraingardenimmediatelyafterplantingandonceaweek,unlessyouhavehadatleastaninchofrainduringtheweek.Oncenativeplantsestablishthenecessaryrootsystem,theywillrequirelittlecare.
Often,localgovernmentsandprivatebusinessesdeveloplargeraingardensintheiryardsandinpublicparksasawaytoimprovetheenvironmentandsolvefloodingproblems.However,youdon’tneedtobeaprofessionallyenvironmentalengineertocreatearaingarden.Aslongasyou’reecoconscioushomeowners,youcanhelptheenvironmentbybuildingsmallerraingardensinyouryards.
1.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueforthefunctionofraingardens?
A.Theyaregoodforlivingconditions.
B.Theyincreasepollution.
C.Theycanbeautifythecommunity.
D.Theyimprovetheenvironment.
答案 B
解析 细节理解题。
根据第一段内容“Besidescontainingattractiveflowers,treesandotherplantsthatbeautifythecommunity,ecofriendlyraingardensarehealthyfortheenvironmentandthepeoplelivingandworkingnearby.”可知雨水花园对环境有益,并不会增加污染。
故选B。
2.WhichofthefollowingistheecofriendlyfunctionofraingardensdiscussedinParagraph4?
A.Theycanhelpreducethepollutionproblem.
B.Theycankeeptherainandstormwater.
C.Theycanbehealthyforthepeoplearound.
D.Theycanmaketheenvironmentmorebeautiful.
答案 A
解析 细节理解题。
根据第四段第一句话“What’smore,plantingaraingardenhelpsreducepollutionandimprovetheenvironment.”可知,雨水花园有助于减少污染。
故A正确。
3.Oneofthemainreasonswhynativeplantsarerecommendedisthat.
A.theycostlessandaremucheasiertoget
B.theymayattractlocalwildlifetocome
C.theyrequirelittlecarefromthelocalgardener
D.theyaremoreusedtothelocalgrowingconditions
答案 D
解析 细节理解题。
根据第五段第一句话“Nativeplantsarerecommendedforraingardensbecausetheyaremoreusedtothelocalclimate,soil,andwaterconditions.”可知,建议种本地的植物是因为本地的植物更适应本地的环境。
4.Whatdoweknowaboutraingardens?
A.Theyneedlittlewaterafteralltheplantsareplanted.
B.Theymayattractlocalbirdsandchangethelocalclimate.
C.Theyusuallyneedatleastaninchofrainwateraweek.
D.Theymayreducethewaterpollutionproblemby70%.
答案 C
解析 细节理解题。
由第五段第三句话“Wateryourraingardenimmediatelyafterplantingandonceaweek,unlessyouhavehadatleastaninchofrainduringtheweek.”可知,雨水花园一周需要至少一英尺的雨水。
故选C。
真题摘选【3】(2013课标卷ⅠC篇)
Butwhenaskedwhichauthorstheyactuallyenjoy,peoplenamedJ.K.Rowling,JohnGrisham,SophieKinsella(ah,thebigsellers,inotherwords).Forty-twopercentofpeopleaskedadmittedtheyturnedtothebackofthebooktoreadtheendbeforefinishingthestory(I’llcomeclean:
Idothisandamastonishedthat58percentsaidtheyhadneverdoneso).
67.Whatistheauthor’sattitudeto58%ofreaders?
A.Favorable.B.Uncaring.
C.Doubtful.D.Friendly.
解析:
根据文章最后一段特别是astonished可知,作者对58%的人也产生了怀疑,故选择C项。
【实战演练】
真题摘选【4】(2013安徽卷A篇)
TheHealthyHabitsSurvey(调查)showsthatonlyaboutonethirdofAmericanseniorshavecorrecthabits.Herearesomefindingsandexpertadvice.
59.Thetextprobablycomesfrom_____.
A.aguidebookB.apopularmagazine
C.abookreviewD.anofficialdocument
解析:
本文介绍了对美国年长者健康生活习惯的调查结果及专家建议。
这是一份调查报告,出现的地方最可能是杂志,故选B项。
【习题选编】
阅读下面短文,选择最佳答案填空。
B
FourMust-SeeRoute66(66号公路)Attractions
TheUnitedStatesisfullofoddroadsideattractions.Route66ishometosomeoftheoldestandmostknownattractionsofthemall.HerearefourattractionsyoushouldseealongtheMotherRoad:
1.PaulBunyanandaHotDog
Route66travelerspassbymany fiberglass giants(巨人)rightalongtheroad.Thesegiantswereapopularformofadvertisinginthe1960s.Manyofthemstoodinfrontofservicestations.Theyheldcarparts,suchas mufflers.ThecollectionofRoute66giantsbecameknownas“MufflerMen”.Businesseshopedthestrangestatueswouldgettravelers’attention.
Thefirstfiberglassgiantwasa“PaulBunyan”figure,builtintheearly1960s.ItissaidthatPaulBunyanisafamous woodworker.
2.CrownCandyKitchenandJamaicaRay
CrownCandyKitchenhas
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