产业经济研究外文文献翻译.docx
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产业经济研究外文文献翻译.docx
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产业经济研究外文文献翻译
文献出处:
TooleA.TheresearchofIndustrialeconomic[J].ResearchPolicy,2015,41
(1):
5-12.
原文
TheresearchofIndustrialeconomic
TooleA
1Howtodealwithexcesscapacity
Enterpriseproductionmanagerindexfell,themanufacturing,intheperiodofslowgrowthinexcesscapacityhasbecomethemainproblemofChina'seconomicdevelopmentatpresent,andhowtodealwiththisisanimportantissueinfrontofus.Here,Thereisaway,isthedevelopmentofmilitaryindustry,boosttheeconomysociety,howtodevelopmilitaryindustry?
Wecanusetheoldmilitaryequipmentscrapmeltingsteel)(theoldequipment,atthesametimetolaunchnewmilitaryequipment.Thecause,itseemsthatisakindofwaste,insidepregnantwithareallyneedtheory(keepthesustainablegrowthofconsumption,consumptionofmilitaryindustrialcapacity),sustainableincreaseinmilitaryspending,suchnotonlysolvedtheproblemofthemilitaryindustrialmetabolism,alsosolvedtheChinesemilitaryindustryandtheupstreamanddownstreamindustryovercapacityproblem,isamatterofourcitizenandpolity.Thelargestnumberofconstructionindustry,andtheconstructionqualityiscloselyrelatedtotherealestateindustryisgoodornot,ifthemajorityofthehousingvacancy,notonlyaffecttherealestateenterprises,alsoaffectthebuildingontheimmediateinterestsofthepractitioners,thecurrentsituationisinrealestatevacancyphenomenon,therealestateenterprisecapitalcan'treachthedesignatedposition,whichwasthebiggestlendersinthehousingconstructionindustryshortageoffunds,someevencouldnotopenwages,theexistenceofthisphenomenon,ifthetimeislongpoints,lossisnotonlytherealestateindustry,morerelatedtotheconstructionindustryanddownstreamindustry.Itisnecessarytobuysomepropertyoflocalgovernment,asameanstoinjectliquidity,toalleviatethesituationofshortageoffunds,buildingindustryrepotpropertycanbeusedascommercialhousingsaleorasaffordablehousing.Duetoexcessiveinvestment,willbefacedwiththesevereovercapacitysituation,intheperiodofexcessproductioncapacity,theenterpriseduetotheinabilitytopayoffthefundsrequiredfortheproductioncapacity,andsimplysupportedearnestly,thedelayisadversetoenterprisesandnationaleconomy,weneedtohaveaplantobuybackandshutdownsomeproductioncapacity,toeasethelackofliquidityinthemarketandthenewsituationofexcessproductioncapacity.
Excessmanufacturing,inadditiontoclosedownbackwardproductionfacilities,wecanalsousehighandnewscienceandtechnologyprojectaswechoose,accordingtotheprincipleofalternativetechnologyforordinaryalternativeproducts,alternativewouldhavebeenaproductinsteadofbehindtheprogress,butwehavenoticedthathigh-techenterprisestendtobelowemploymentcapacityandproduction,dynamic,hundredsofmillionsorevenbillions,wemustconsiderthehigh-techproductsinthemarketconstantlydiverted,facingthiskindofsituationwecanproducealltheproductsclassificationsurveyhigh-techpark,selectivelybuy-backpartofhighandnewscienceandtechnologycapacity,ontheonehandcaninjectliquidity,ontheotherhand,canrelieveexcesscapacity),tomakeourindustrialgoodsmarketisseverelyaffectedbecauseofthehighandnewtechnologydevelopment,toalleviatethecurrentdeflation,alongtheorbitofsustainabledevelopmentoftheeconomy.Thedevelopmentofscienceandtechnologyisnotwrong,buttheexcessivedevelopment,isbroughtaboutbytheabnormalmetabolism,oldandnewproductupdatetoofast,makessomeoldproductsislessthanthetimeout,hadtowithdrawfromthemarketassoonaspossible,istheoriginalproducttoearntheprofitsduetothenormal,orcapitalcouldnottakeback,excessivecompetitionisnotonlyunfavorabletonormalreplacementofoldandnewproducts,morebroketheprofitspaceoforiginalproducts,isnotconducivetothesustainabledevelopment.Calledonthegovernmentnottosimplythepursuitofhighandnewtechnologydevelopment,moreshouldattachgreatimportancetothesustainabilityofproductionprogressandconsumption,lettheoldproducttocompletetheindustrycycle,selectivelyonsomeprojects,someprojectsastechnicalreserves.
2Thejudgmentofexcesscapacity
Withexcessproductioncapacity,wefirstanexplanationfromthemacro,theso-calledexcesscapacity,isduetotheenterprisesetuptoomuch,anddemandabilitycannotmeetthenormalproductioncapacityofsuppliers,orisfarlowerthanthenormalcapacity,excesscapacityisrelatively.Ofexcessproductioncapacity,wedothefollowinginterpretation,ifacountry'sGDPincertaincircumstances,thenthebalanceofsupplyanddemandiscertain,iftoomuchinvolvedintheproductionofenterprises,sothebalancecanberegardedas,pricelimitonthesupplycurvetotheleftofthetranslation,andgetnewbalance,whenweputthenormalbalanceofsupplyanddemandoftheproductionissettoQ1,theunitpriceissettoP1,andthereisnolimitonthepriceofsupplytoQ2,forthenewbalancetheunitpricetoP2,ascompaniestoomuch,then,acertaindemand,therefore,theenterpriseprofitsforP1-Q2(Q1**(P1)+Q2*(P2,P1),theoveralldeclineinprofitsfortheenterpriseperformance,whenthereisapartofcorporateprofitsislessthanitsincome,enterprisesmakealoss.Forindustrialovercapacity,webelievethatintheindustryenterpriserevenuegraduallyatrophic,cannotachievenormalproductioncapacity,sotheindustryasurplusofproductioncapacity.Chinasteelassociationdeputysecretary-generalQiXiangDongsixindexesaregiventodetermineindustryovercapacity:
oneistheproductinventoriescontinuedrisingsharply,salesofpresentstagnation;Second,saleshavefallensharply,unbalancedsupplyanddemand;Threeisthesharpdeclineinthepriceofproducts,long-termcostbelow;Fourisindustryamassivelossofenterprise,enterpriseisforcedtoleverage;Fiveisagroupofbusinessfailureorbankruptcy;Sixisobstructedimportsandexportsatnocost,frequentinternationaltradefrictions.Hethinks,iftheabovesixindicatorsinarelativelylongexistatthesametime,betweenserioussurplusmeansthattheproducthascomeup.AndbeforeajudgethedifferenceisthatQiXiangDongisreferringtotheconditionofseriousexcess,thereforemorecomprehensiveconsideration.
HereisintroducedAnewmethodtodistinguishtheexcessproductioncapacity,wefirstintroduceAcorporateprofitsto0,tocalculatetheminimumoperatingincome,assuminganenterpriseinAcertainmonthrevenueforQ1,costmanagementfeesbythecostofrawmaterials(expressedasA),(B),taxes(expressedasC),wages(D),depreciationcost(expressedasE),theprofitofP,weknowtherevenueandcostofrawmaterialsisproportionaltotherelationship,soA=KQ1,candrawQ1-P=KQ1+(B+C+D+E)andconcludedthatQ1(1-K)=P+(B+C+D+E),K=1-(P+B+C+D+E)/Q1.Setprofit0meansthattheenterpriseoperatingincomeforQ,thenQ=KQ+(B+C+D),theK=1-(P+B+C+D+E)/Q1plugin,cancometoQ=(B+C+D)*Q1(/P+B+C+D+E)alloftheminimumincomeoftheenterprise,aswecalculatethesumoftheQ,wecallthesumoftheQminimumproductionenterprises.Then,weputtheenterprisenormallyoutputtothestatistics,allthebusinessincomeofenterpriseundernormalcircumstancescanbecalculated,andtheaverageofthesumoftherevenue,wecallitthenormalproduction.Sowehavetwostraightlines,oneisthelowestoperatingincome,isanormaloperatingincome,andtheotheracurve,iscomposedofenterprisesoperatingincomeeverymonth,wecallittheexistingcapacity,whenexistingcapacityclosetothenormalproduction,wesaythatproductivityismoderate,whenexistingcontinuousfelltothelowestyieldclosetocapacity,wesaythatexcesscapacity.Thesecondmethod,wecanbuildinventorytable,thehorizontalaxisofinventories,Y-axisisinastraightlineastheaverageinventory,theotheracurveforexistinginventory,inventorywhenenterprisesforaboveaverage,andawayfromtheaverage,canalsoexplaintheexcesscapacity.
Thensolvetheproblemofexcesscapacity,andthenthereisexcesscapacity?
Enterprisestoachieveanaveragecapacityorclosetotheaveragecapacity,wesayintobalancecapacity,inadditionwewillintroduceaaverageprofitchart,whenasweclosethecapacity,andmaketheprofitstobeneartheaverageprofit,wesaythecapacityreturnstonormal.Solvetheexcesscapacityandclosedaftertheamountofexcesscapacityproblem,wewillsolvetheproblemofhowtoclosetheexcesscapacity,excesstoachievedefinedindustry,wetakethegovernmentrepurchaseproductioncapacity,isgoingtoclosethecompany,accordingtooffertobuy,andproperlydistributetotheirworkersandstaffandreasonablerelocationallowance,suchnotonlysolvedtheproblemofexcessproductioncapacity,alsocansolvetheproblemoflaid-offworkersofcalm,isgoodintermsofeconomicorsocialbenefit.
3Industrialeconomicsurpluscapacityofgovernmentregulation
Neweconomicstructuralstudybelievethatthegovernmentprovideinformationintheeconomicstructureadjustment,theassociatedinvestmentprovidecoordinationandfirstcorporatecompensationinformationexternality,andencourageforeigndirectinvestmentinfouraspects,andonthesetwillbeahardandsoftfacilitiesplayaleadingroleintheprocess.Therearedifferentviews,itisnotonlytothegovernmentformorework,moreshouldpayattentiontothepromotingfunctionofthegovernment,suchasthegovernmen
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