西安美术学院考博英语历年考博真题.docx
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西安美术学院考博英语历年考博真题.docx
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西安美术学院考博英语历年考博真题
西安美术学院2014年博士研究生入学考试英语试题
PartReadingComprehension
Directions:
Therearesevenpassagesinthispart.Eachisfollowedbyfivequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ChoosetheoneoutofthechoicesmarkedbyA,B,C,andD.andmarkyouranswerontheAnswerSheetwith●.
Passage1
Researchersdisagreewhetherthe“useitorloseit”philosophyholdsforcognitiveaging,butthereisoneevidencethatkeepingmentallyactivecanslowage—relateddeclines.
AtPennsylvaniaStateUniversity,SherryWillisandherhusband,K.WarnerSchaie,havestudied5,000people,somesince1956.Peopleluckyenoughtoavoidchronicdiseasesmayalsofarebetterinintellectualfunction,theyfind,perhapsbecausechronicdiseasescanrestrictlifestyleandreducementalstimulation.Similarly,thoseluckyenoughtoberelativelyaffluentalsofarebetter,perhapsbecausemoneycanbuyintellectuallystimulatingthingsliketravel.
Educationhelps,too,researcherssaybecauseininstillstheconvictionthatyoucanalwayslearnsomethingnew.TheSchaie-Willisteamalsohassomeotherobservations.Beinginastablemarriagewithastimulatingspouse,theysay,helpsmaintainintellectualvigor.
Flexibilitycountstoo.Peoplewhostaymentallyvibrantareoftenthosewhodonotinsistthat“theymustdothingstodayastheydidbefore”Schaiesays.Inneuropsychologicalterms,theabilitytoseeproblemsinnewwaysoftenyieldshigherscoresontestsofmentalfunction.Andpeoplesatisfiedwithlifealsostaymorementallyfit,hesays.
Ifyoufindyourmentalskillssagging,considerworkingonspecificdeficits.WhenWillisgave5-hourtutorialsoninductivereasoningorspatialskillstoabout200peoplewhoseskillshaddeclinedintheprevious14years,40percentregainedlostabilities.Thatadvantageheldupsevenyearslatewhentheywereretested.
Otherwaystostaysharp,Schaiesays,aredoingjigsawpuzzlestohonevisual-spatialskills,workingcrosswordpuzzlesforverbalskills,playingbridgeformemoryandsimplymatchingwitsathomewithplayersonTVgameshows.
Finally,rememberthis.Eventhoughyoumaylosesomementalskillswithnormalaging,youalsogaininonekeyarea:
wisdom.Thegrowthofwisdomcontinuesthroughoutthe40s,50sandeven60s.
Questions61to65arebasedonthepassage.
61.Inthepassage,theauthormainlydiscuss______.
A.therolementalstimulationinpreventingmentalaging
B.graduallossofmentalskillswithnormalaging
C.therelationshipbetweenmentalfunctionandspatialskills
D.effectivewaystokeepintellectualvigor
62.Theword“it”inthesaying“useitorloseit”(paragraph1)referto______.
A.brainpowerB.cognitivedevelopment
C.mentalstimulatingD.intellectualfunction
63.Accordingtotheresearchers,whichofthefollowingfactorsaffectscognitiveaging?
A.Education.B.Chronicillness.
C.Standardofliving.D.Alloftheabove.
64.Fromthispassagewemaysafelyinferthat______mighthelppreventmentaldeclines.
A.physicalexercisesB.socialinterconnections
C.rigiddailyroutinesD.ahealthydiet
65.Accordingtotheauthor,allofthefollowingcantrulybesaidaboutwisdomEXCEPTthat______.
A.wisdommaybethoughtofasaspecialformofabilitiesandknowledgecompletelydevelopedwithlifeexperience
B.wisdommaystillgrowevenwhentheprocessofmentalagingstarted
C.wisdomissuperiorinimportancetomentalskillssuchasinductivereasoningandspatialskills
D.wisdommakesupanimportantpartofbrainpower
Passage2
Generationgapsarenothingnew.ImperfectcommunicationbetweenagegroupsplaguedtheancientGreeksandcurrentworksalike.
Manyanolderworkerchafesatanunder-30colleaguewhosurfstheInternet,listenstohisSonyWalkmanandchatsonthephoneorwithhisdeskmate-allwhileworkingonaprojectdueinanhour.
Sometimes,ofcourse,heisn'tcorking,andthat'sawholedifferentissue.Butsometimesheisgettinglotsofgreatstuffdone.Inthemeantime,thedifferentworkstylescreateacaseof“Wouldyoupleaseshutup”vs.“Lightenup.Getalife.”
MarcPrensky,vicepresidentofBankersTrustandfounderofitsinteractivelearningsubsidiary,CorporateGameware,wasonpointinAcrosstheBoard,apublicationoftheconferenceboard.ThebusinessresearchorganizationtitledPrensky'sarticle“TwitchSpeed”,areferencetothefastpaceofvideogameplay.
Todayunder-30workerslikelygrewupinamultimedia,technology—rich,twitchspeedenvironment.Prenskysaystheysimultaneouslydidhomework,watchedTVandlistenedtomusic;thisexposurechangedthewaystheyreceiveandprocessinformation.
BabyboomersandolderworkersmayormaynothavedonehomeworkbyTV,butmuchelsehaschanged.Sociologistssaytheover-30saremorelikelytowantroomdoorsclose,TVoff.Onethinghappeningatatime.Quiet,please!
Whenthetwoheritagesclashintheworkplace,itpitscomfortwithspeedand“multitasking”againstcomfortwithdeliberationandfocusedconcentration.
Soundfamiliar?
Ifthegaphasbecomeachasminyourworkplace,it'stimetotalk.Bothworkstylescanbeproductive,butbothsidesneedtomakeaccommodationssotheother'sproductivityisn'timpaired.
Questions66to70arebasedonthepassage.
66.Thispassageismainlytalkingabout______.
A.generationgaps
B.workstylesofdifferentagegroups
C.lackofmutualunderstandingbetweentheoldandtheyoung
D.imperfectcommunicationbetweenoldandyoungworkers
67.Fromthecontextwemayfigureoutthattheword“plagued”(paragraph1)means______.
A.annoyedB.infectedC.damagedD.affected
68.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingisNOTtrue?
A.Olderworkersoftenfeelannoyedabouttheiryoungcolleagues'attitudestowardswork.
B.Youngerworkersalwaysdoagoodjoboftheirworkthoughtheyprefertolistentomusicorchatwithotherswhileworking.
C.Thedifferentworkstylesmaysometimesleadtoanunnecessaryargument.
D.Olderworkersareusedtoworkinginacomfortableandquietenvironmentsothattheycanfullyconcentrateonwhattheyaredoing.
69.TheauthoragreeswithMarcPrenskyonthepointthatyoungerworkersprefera“multitasking”stylebecause______.
A.theyaresmartandenergetic
B.theyhavethespecialabilitytoperformseveraltasksatthesametime
C.broughtupinaspecialculturalbackground,theyhavedevelopedabehavioralpatterndifferentformthatoftheiroldercolleagues
D.theyhavebeentrainedtoreceiveandprocessinformationinaspecialway
70.Theauthormaintainsthatbothsidesshould______ifthetwopatternworkstylesclashheadlong.
A.bepatient
B.realizethatbothworkstylesareproductive
C.makeeffortstoavoiddoingdamagetotheother'sproductivity
D.makecompromisetobridgethegulfbetweenthem
Passage3
Achildwhohasoncebeenpleasedwithatalelikes,asarule,tohaveitretoldinidenticallythesamewords,butthisshouldnotleadparentstotreatprintedfairystoriesassacredtexts.Itisalwaysmuchbettertotellastorythanreaditoutofabook,andifaparentcanproducewhat,intheactualcircumstancesofthetimeandtheindividualchild,isanimprovementontheprintedtest,somuchthebetter.
Achargemadeagainstfairytalesisthattheyharmthechildbyfrighteninghimorarousinghissadisticimpulses.Toprovethelatter,onewouldhavetoshowinacontrolledexperimentthatchildrenwhohavereadfairystoriesweremoreoftenguiltyofcrueltythanthosewhohadnot.Aggressive,destructive,sadisticimpulseseverychildhasand,onthewhole,theirsymbolicverbaldischargeseemstoberatherasafetyvalvethananincitementtoovertaction.Astofears,thereareIthink,well-authenticatedcasesofchildrenbeingdangerouslyterrifiedbysomefairystory.Often,however,thisarisesfromthechildhavingheardthestoryonce.familiaritywiththestorybyrepetitionturnsthepainoffearintootherpleasureofthefearfacedandmastered.
Therearealsopeoplewhoobjectfairystoriesonthegroundsthattheyarenotobjectivelytrue,thatfaints.Witches,two-headeddragons,magiccarpets,etc,donotexist;andthat,insteadofindulginghisfantasiesinfairytales.Thechildshouldbetaughthowtoadapttorealitybystudyinghistoryandmechanics.Ifindsuchpeople,Imustconfess,sounsympatheticandpeculiarthatIdonotknowhowtoarguewiththem.Iftheircaseweresound,thewordshouldbefullofmadmenattemptingtoflyfromNewYorktoPhiladelphiaonabroomstickorcoveringatelephonewithkissedinthebeliefthatitwastheirenchantedgirlfriend.
Nofairystoryeverclaimedtobeadescriptionoftheexternalworkandasanechildhadeverbelievedthatitwas.
Questions71to75arebasedonthepassage.
71.Theauthorconsidersthatafairystoryismoreeffectivewhenitis______.
A.repeatedwithoutvariation
B.treatedwithreverence
C.adaptedbytheparent
D.setinthepresent
72.Somepeopledislikefairystoriestheyfeelthatthey______.
A.temptpeopletobecrueltochildren
B.showtheprimitivecrueltyinchildren
C.lendthemselvestoundesirableexperimentswithchildren
D.increaseatendencybywhichchildren'simpulsesmaybe
73.Fairystoriesareameansbywhichchildren'simpulsesmaybe
A.beneficiallychanneled
B.givenadestructivetendency
C.heldbackuntilmaturity
D.effectivelysuppressed
74.Theadvantageclaimedforrepeatingfairystoriestoyoungchildrenisthatit______.
A.makesthemcometotermswiththeirfears
B.developstheirpowerofmemory
C.convincesthemthereisnoth
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