高考英语知识点过关培优 易错 难题训练阅读理解.docx
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高考英语知识点过关培优 易错 难题训练阅读理解.docx
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高考英语知识点过关培优易错难题训练阅读理解
一、高中英语阅读理解
1.阅读理解
Plasticsludge(污泥)andgarbageisadisasterfortheworld'soceans.Afilmcrewtraveledtheglobetodocumenttherubbish.AndJulieAndersenofthePlasticOceansFoundationsayswhatweseeisjustthetipoftheproblem.“Halfofthewasteactuallysinkstothebottom,andthatremainsonthesurfaceactuallybreaksdown.”
Thefilmmakersfoundrubbishinoceangyres,thecirculatingcurrentsthattraplargeconcentrationsofpollutionintheAtlantic,Indian,andPacifcOceans,homeofwhatsomehaveplastic.Whatwefoundwasaplasticsmogthatspreadthroughoutallthewater.Andinsomepartsoftheoceans,scientistshavefoundmoreplasticthanplant.”
Thepiecesoftheplasticgarbageinfectthefoodchain,sometimesvisibly,andmoresoatthemicroscopiclevel,wheretheplasticparticlesinteractwithotherpollutants.“Thereareheavymetals,medicines,industrialwasteinthesea,whileitactslikemagnets(磁铁).Thesepoisonoussubstancesabsorbontheplastic,andthenwhenseafoodabsorbstheplastics,thosepoisonoussubstancesenterthefattytissues.”Tobeconsumedbyothersealifeandbypeopleatlast.
China,Indonesia,thePhilippines,ThailandandVietnamaretheworstplasticpolluters.TheUnitedStates,althoughaleaderinrecycling,isoneoftheworld's20sinceitproducesandconsumessomuchplastic.Thereareeffortsaroundtheworldtoaddresstheproblem,includingatthisnewlyopenedrecyclingcenterinLebanon(黎巴嫩).ButAndersensaysthereismorethatpeoplecando.“Cutbackonsingle-useplastics,straws,plasticcups,plasticwaterbottles,plasticbagsandfindalternativeslikereusablematerials.”Shesayshealthyoceansareessentialtooursurvival.
(1)Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?
A. There'sallislandfullofplasticrubbishinthePacific.
B. Thebadeffectofplasticpollutioncan'tbeseenbyeyes.
C. TheUnitedStatesistheleastplasticpolluters.
D. Theplasticpollutiontooceansismoreseriousthanwhatwecansee.
(2)Whatdoestheunderlinedword“it”refertoinparagraph3?
A. Pollutantslikeheavymetalsandmedicines. B. Theplasticparticles.
C. Seafood. D. Fattytissues.
(3)Whatcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraph?
A. AllAsiancountrieshavethemostseriousproblemofplasticpollution.
B. Theplasticproblemhasn'tattractedtheworld'sattention.
C. Andersenisnotsatisfiedwithwhathasbeendonetosolvetheplasticproblem,
D. Peopleshouldstopusingplasticproductsimmediately.
(4)Whichmay bethetitleofthepassage?
A. PlasticpollutionintheWorld.
B. Plasticpollution—Oceans'Disaster.
C. Waystosolvetheproblemofplasticpollutiontooceans.
D. Plasticpollutionandourhealth.
【答案】
(1)D
(2)B
(3)C
(4)B
【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。
主要讲述了塑料污染对海洋导致的影响。
(1)细节理解题。
根据第一段第三句:
AndJulieAndersenofthePlasticOceansFoundationsayswhatweseeisjustthetipoftheproblem.可知,塑料海洋基金会的朱莉·安德森说,我们看到的只是问题的冰山一角。
故可推测塑料对海洋的污染比我们所看到的更严重,故选D。
(2)词义猜测题。
根据Thepiecesoftheplasticgarbageinfectthefoodchain,sometimesvisibly,andmoresoatthemicroscopiclevel,wheretheplasticparticlesinteractwithotherpollutants."Thereareheavymetals,medicines,industrialwasteinthesea,whileitactslikemagnets(磁铁).可知,塑料垃圾碎片在微观层面感染食物链,有时是明显的,塑料颗粒与其他污染物相互作用.海洋中有重金属,药物,工业废物,使其像磁铁一样.it指代的是塑料颗粒。
故选B。
(3)推理判断题。
根据ButAndersensaysthereismorethatpeoplecando."Cutbackonsingle-useplastics,straws,plasticcups,plasticwaterbottles,plasticbagsandfindalternativeslikereusablematerials."Shesayshealthyoceansareessentialtooursurvival.可知,安德森说人们还可以做更多事情来预防污染,可推测出安德森对于目前解决塑料问题所做的工作不满意。
故选C。
(4)主旨大意题。
阅读全文,根据文章内容可知,本文主要讲述了塑料污染海洋灾害。
故选B。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解,词义猜测,推理判断和主旨大意四个题型的考查,是一篇说明类阅读,要求考生先从问题中抓住关键性词语(题眼),然后以此为线索,运用略读及查读的技巧快速在文章中寻找与此问题相关的:
段落、语句,仔细品味,同时根据上下文进行分析,推理,概括和归纳,从而选出正确答案。
2.阅读理解
WhenHarmonyOs,theChineseself-developedoperatingsystemforHuaweimobiledevices,wasreleasedonAug9,itquicklybecameahottopiconsocialmedia.Manybelieveitnotonlyrepresentstheriseofthecountryasatechpower,butalsoshowsrespecttoclassicalChineseculturebynamingthesystem"Hongmcng"inChinese.
"Hongmeng"isaclassicalwordfromZhuangzi.IntheancienttimesofChineselegendandmyths(神话),"Hongmeng"wasusedtodescribetheoriginalstateoftheuniversebeforematterexisted.ForHarmonyOS,"Hongmeng"indicatesthedevelopers'aimtomakeaninnovativeoperatingsystem,unlikeanyother.
Besides"Hongmeng'",HunweihasalsoregisteredmanyofitsproductsunderthenamesoflegendarycreaturesfromChinesemyths.Forexample,thecompany'sKirinmobilechipgotitsnameafteraluckymonstercalled"Qilin".Anditsserverchipiscalked"Kunpeng",acreaturethatchangedfromafishintoagiantbird.
ManyChineseInternetusersandmediahavepraisedHuawei'suseofthesenames,"astheystandforChinesewisdomandancientpeople'simaginationandspiritofexploration",GlobalTimesnoted.
Infact,Huaweiisnotaloneinusingtraditionalcultureformodernventures.NeZha,thenewfilm,alsoportraystraditionalcultureinamoderncontext.Themovieislooselybasedonthewell-knownworkofclassicalChinesemythTheInvestitureoftheGods.EarlierthismonthitbecamethebiggestanimatedmovieinChinaandwascalled"thegloryofdomesticanime(国产动漫)".
Indeed,thelonghistoryandsplendidclassicworkshavegivenChinaaprofoundculture.Mythsandlegendsarethecreativeworksoftremendousimagination.AsGlobalTimesputit,todaybyrevisitingamoderncontext,"ancientmythshasthepowertoinspireimaginationinyoungpeople".Afterall,imaginationisthebeginningofcreation.
(1)WhatdoweknowaboutHamonyOS?
A. Itsreleaseraisedastormofobjections. B. Itisnamedaftercreatureinmyth.
C. Itcombineshightechnologyandculture.
D. It'sthebestoperatingsystem.
(2)Whichofthefollowingbestexplains"innovative"underlinedinParagraph2?
A. creative
B. modern
C. popular
D. intelligent
(3)HowdothepublicthinkofHuawei'suseofthenames?
A. Confused.
B. Unexpected.
C. Approving.
D. Doubtful.
(4)Whatcanbeinferredfromthelasttwoparagraphs?
A. ThefilmNeZhaisnotadaptedfrommyths.
B. ThefilmNeZhaisabighit.
C. MorebusinessesfollowHuawei'slead.
D. Ancientmythsisagoodchoiceforentertainment.
【答案】
(1)C
(2)A
(3)C
(4)B
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇新闻报道,中国自主研发的华为移动设备被命名为"Hongmeng",体现了现代技术和中国文化的结合。
作者对这一命名进行了阐释。
(1)考查细节理解。
根据第一段中的"Manybelieveitnotonlyrepresentstheriseofthecountryasatechpower,butalsoshowsrespecttoclassicalChineseculturebynamingthesystem’Hongmeng‘inChinese"可知,许多人认为,它不仅代表了中国作为科技大国的崛起,而且通过将该系统命名为"Hongmcng"来表达对中国古典文化的尊重。
由此可知,在很多人看来,它将科技和文化结合在了一起。
故选C。
(2)考查词义猜测。
根据第二段中的"’Hongmeng‘indicatesthedevelopers'aimtomakeaninnovativeoperatingsystem,unlikeanyother"可知,"Hongmeng"与其他操作系统不一样,由此可知,该操作系统是"创新性的"。
故选A。
(3)考查推理判断。
根据第四段中的"ManyChineseInternetusersandmediahavepraisedHuawei'suseofthesenames"可知,公众表扬这个名字。
由此可知,他们是赞成这个名字的。
故选C。
(4)考查推理判断。
根据倒数第二段中的"EarlierthismonthitbecamethebiggestanimatedmovieinChinaandwascalled'thegloryofdomesticanime(国产动漫)'"可知,本月早些时候,《哪吒》成为了中国最大的动画电影,被称为"国产动画的荣耀"。
由此可知,《哪吒》这部电影非常成功。
故选B。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解,词义猜测和推理判断三个题型的考查,是一篇新闻报道,考生需要准确捕捉细节信息,并根据上下文的逻辑关系,进行分析,推理,从而选出正确答案。
3.阅读理解
Byanalyzingthefossilizedteethofsomeofourmostancientancestors,ateamofscientistsledbytheuniversitiesofBristol(UK)andLyon(France)havediscoveredthatthefirsthumanssignificantlybreastfedtheirinfants(婴儿)forlongerperiodsthantheircontemporaryrelatives.
Theresults,publishedinthejournalScienceAdvances,provideafirstinsightintothepracticeofweaning(断奶)thatremainotherwiseunseeninthefossilrecord.
Theteamsampledminuteamountsfromnearly40fossilizedteethofourSouthAfricanfossilrelatives,earlyHomo,ParanthropusrobustusandAustralopithecusafricanus.Theymeasuredtheproportionsoftheirstablecalciumisotopes(同位素)inthetoothenamel(牙釉质),whichareafunctionofthemothermilkintakebyinfants.TheyshowthatearlyHomooffspring(后代)wasbreastfedinsignificantproportionsuntiltheageofaroundthreetofouryears,whichlikelyplayedaroleintheapparitionoftraitsthatarespecifictohumanlineage(血统),suchasthebraindevelopment.
Incontrast,infantsofParanthropusrobustus,thatbecameextinctaroundonemillionyearsagoandwereamorerobustspeciesintermsofdentalanatomy,aswellasinfantsofAustralopithecusafricanus,stoppeddrinkingsizeableproportionsofmothermilkinthecourseofthefirstmonthsoflife.
Thesedifferencesinnursingbehaviorslikelycomewithmajorchangesinthesocialstructuresofgroupsaswellasthetimebetweenthebirthofonechildandthebirthofthenext.
Oneofthestudy'sleadauthors,DrTheoTacailsaid:
"Thepracticeofweaning--thedurationofbreastfeeding,ageatnon-milkfoodintroductionandtheageatcessationofsuckling--differsamongthemodernmembersofthehominidfamilywhichincludeshumansandmoderngreatapes:
orangutan,gorillas,chimpanzeesandbonobos.
Thedevelopmentofsuchbehavioraldifferenceslikelyplayedmajorrolesintheevolutionofthemembersofhumanlineage,beingassociatedforinstancewithsizeandstructureofsocialgroups,braindevelopment.
However,gettinginsightsintothesebehavioralchangesfromfossilsthataremillionsofyearsoldisachallengeand,sofar,littleevidenceallowdiscussingnursingpra
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