定语从句.docx
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定语从句.docx
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定语从句
定语从句:
在复合句中修饰名词或代词的句子在复合句中充当定语,所以叫作定语从句。
先行词:
定语从句所修饰的名词或代词。
关系词:
引导定语从句的词,分为关系代词(who,whom,that,which,whose)和关系副词(where,when,why,)。
复合句:
Themanwho(that)cameisMike.
先行词关系代词
LiMingistheonethatgotfullmarksinourclass.
先行词关系代词
上句的黑体字为复合句中的主句,蓝体字为定语从句.
一定语从句的关系代词Which的用法:
若先行词指物则代替先行词在定语从句中充当主语或宾语.
Thisisthepenwhichwasgivenbymyfriend.
先行词指物代替先行词在定语从句中充当主语
Thisisthepenwhichmyfriendgavetome.
先行词指物代替先行词在定语从句中充当宾语
(注意:
先行词在从句中充当宾语,而且前面没有介词修饰时,可以省略;如果充当主语,则不可以省略)
二定语从句的关系代词Who的用法:
若先行词指人则代替先行词在定语从句中充当主语或宾语(如果前面带介词则必须用whom)
Themanwhoiswearingawhitesuitismybrother.
先行词指人代替先行词在定语从句中充当主语
Themanwho\whomhewantedtoseelastweekisinShanghai.
先行词指人代替先行词在定语从句中充当宾语
SheisthegirlwithwhomIwentthere.
先行词指人代替先行词在定语从句中充当介宾且介词于前.
三定语从句的关系代词Whom的用法:
若先行词指人则代替先行词在定语从句中充当宾语(包括介词的宾语),与who的区别是如果前面带介词则必须用whom
Thisistheteacherwhom\whowelikebest.
先行词指人代替先行词在定语从句中充当宾语
Sheisthegirlwhom\whoIwentwiththere.
先行词指人代替先行词在定语从句中充当介宾.
Idon’tliketheboytowhomyouaretalking.
先行词指人代替先行词在定语从句中充当介宾且介词于前.
四定语从句的关系代词that的用法:
若先行词指人或物则代替先行词在定语从句中充当主语或宾语
Theanimalthat\whichislostisapanda.
先行词指物代替先行词在定语从句中充当主语
Sheisthepersonthat\whoweareworriedabout.
先行词指人代替先行词在定语从句中充当宾语
注意1that\which在代物时常常可以通用,但有时只宜于用which,不用that
(1) 关系代词前有介词时.
Thisisthehotelinwhichyouwillstay.
(2) 如有两个定语从句,其中一句的关系代词是that,另一句宜于用which.
LetmeshowyouthenovelthatIborrowedfromtheliberarywhichwasnewlyopen(新开放)tous.
注意2that\which在代物时常常可以通用,但有时只宜于用that,不用which.
(1) 先行词是形容词最高级或者它的前面有形容词最高级时
Thisisthebestthathasbeenusedagainstairpollution(反对空气污染)incities.
Englishisthemostdifficultsubjectthatyouwilllearnduringtheseyears.
(2) 先行词是序数词,或它的前面有一个序数词时
HeisthelastpersonthatIwanttosee.
(3) 主句中已有疑问词时
Whichisthebikethatyoulost?
(4) 先行词既有人又有物时
Thebikeanditsriderthathadrunover(撞倒了)anoldmanweretakentothepolicestation.
(5) 先行词是all,much,little,something,everything,anything,nothing,none,theone等代词时
Youshouldhandinallthatyouhave.
Wehaven’tgotmuchthatwecanofferyou.
Imeantheonethatyoutalkedaboutjustnow.
(6) 先行词前面有only,any,few,little,no,all,oneof,thesame,thevery等词修饰时
Theonlythingthatwecandoistogiveyousomemoney.
LiMingistheonlyonethatgotfullmarks(满分)inourclass.
LiMingisoneofthestudentsthatwanttobeteachersinourclass.
(7) 有两个定语从句,其中一个关系代词已用which,另外一个宜用that
Edisonbuiltupafactory(办了一个工厂)whichproducedthingsthathadneverbeenseenbefore.
定语从句的关系副词Where的用法:
若先行词指地点且其在定语从句中充当地点状语.
Thisisthehouse+Iwasborninthehouse.(=Iwasbornthere)
介词短语副词
=ThisisthehousewhereIwasborn.这就是我在那儿出生的房子.
先行词关系副词
inwhichIwasborn.
介词+关系代词
whichIwasbornin.
关系代词
这里作介宾的which和that可以省略
thatIwasbornin
关系代词.
练习:
用which,where填空
1Thisisthefactorytheywanttovisit。
2Mysisterworksinabookshopinwecanreadmanykindsofbooks
3Haveyouvisitedthecitythefamousscientistwasborn?
4Isthisthemuseumtheyvisitedlastmonth?
5Hebuiltatelescopethroughhecouldstudytheskies.
6 Thepencilwith________hewrotewasbroken.
7 Isthistheshop_____sellschildren’sclothing?
8 Istillrememberthesitting-room_____mymotherandIusedtositintheevening.
9 Don’tgoin,thisistheshop_____wehavejustbeento。
10 Pleaseshowmethebook_____youboughtyesterday_____.
二定语从句的关系副词When的用法:
若先行词指时间且其在定语从句
中充当时间状语.
Hecameatatime+weneededhelpatatime.
介词短语
=Hecameatatimewhenweneededhelp
关系副词
atwhichweneededhelp
介词+关系代词
whichweneededhelpat
关系代词这里的作介宾的which和that可以省略
thatweneededhelpat
三关系副词why的用法:
在定语从句中只要先行词是thereason,它的关系副词就是why。
如:
ThereasonwhyI’mcallingyouistoinviteyoutotheparty.
用适当的关系词填空:
1.Istillrememberthenight_______Ifirstcametothehouse.
2.I'llneverforgettheday________ wemeteachotherlastweek.
3.MrBlackisgoingtoBeijinginOctober,_______isthebestseasonthere.
4.Iwillneverforgetthedays_______Ispentwithyourfamily.
5.I'llneverforgetthelastday______wespenttogether.
6.Thisistheschool______Iusedtostudy.
7.Doyoustillremembertheplace______wevisitedlastweek?
8.Doyoustillremembertheplace_______wevisitedthepaintingexhibition?
9.HaveyoueverbeentoHangzhou,_____isfamousfortheWestLake?
10.HaveyoueverbeetoHangzhou,______liestheWestLake?
11.TomwillgotoShanghai,______livehistwobrothers.
12.IliveinBeijing,____isthecapitalofChina.
13.Therewasatime______therewereslavesintheUSA.
14.Itisthethirdtime______youhavemadethesamemistake.
15.Itwasinthestreet_____ImetJohnyesterday.
16.Itwasabout600yearsago____thefirstclockwithafaceandanhourhandwasmade.
17.Themoment_____Isawyou,Irecognized(认出)you.
18.Thisistheverynovelabout____we'vetalkedsomuch.
19.Thisistheway____hedidit.
20.Whoisthestudent_____waslateforschooltoday?
21.Who_____knowshimwantstomakefriendswithhim?
22.Whatelsewasthereinmybrother____youdidn'tlike?
23.Helivesintheroom____windowfacestothesouth.
24.Helivesintheroom,thewindow_____facestothesouth.
25.ThisisMr.Johnfor____sonIbroughtabookyesterday.
26.ThisisMr.Johnfor_____Iboughtabookyesterday.
27.Thisisthehour_____theplaceisalwaysfullofwomenandchildren.
28.Andthereisonepoint______I'dlikeyouradvice.
29.Winteristhetimeofyear______thedaysareshortandnightsarelong.
30.Ihopeyouwillfindthisvalleyabeautifulplace____youmayspendyourweekend.
KEYS:
1.when 2.when 3.which 4.that/which 5.that
6.where 7.that/which 8.where 9.which 10.where
11.where 12.which 13.when 14.that 15.that
16.that 17.(that) 18.which 19.(that/inwhich) 20.that
21.that 22that 23.whose 24.ofwhich 25.whose
26.whom 27.when 28.that 29.that 30.where
定语从句:
在复合句中修饰名词或代词的句子在复合句中充当定语,所以叫作定语从句。
先行词:
定语从句所修饰的名词或代词。
关系词:
引导定语从句的词,分为关系代词(who,whom,that,which,whose)和关系副词(where,when,why,)。
复合句:
Theman who(that)cameisMike. 先行词 关系代词LiMingistheone that gotfullmarksinourclass. 先行词关系代词 上句的黑体字为复合句中的主句,蓝体字为定语从句.一定语从句的关系代词Which的用法:
若先行词指物则代替先行词在定语从句中充当主语或宾语. Thisisthepen which wasgivenbymyfriend. 先行词 指物代替先行词在定语从句中充当主语 Thisisthepen whichmyfriendgavetome. 先行词 指物代替先行词在定语从句中充当宾语(注意:
先行词在从句中充当宾语,而且前面没有介词修饰时,可以省略;如果充当主语,则不可以省略) 二定语从句的关系代词Who的用法:
若先行词指人则代替先行词在定语从句中充当主语或宾语(如果前面带介词则必须用whom)Themanwhoiswearingawhitesuitismybrother.先行词 指人代替先行词在定语从句中充当主语Themanwho\whomhewantedtoseelastweekisinShanghai.先行词 指人代替先行词在定语从句中充当宾语SheisthegirlwithwhomIwentthere.先行词 指人代替先行词在定语从句中充当介宾且介词于前. 三定语从句的关系代词Whom的用法:
若先行词指人则代替先行词在定语从句中充当宾语(包括介词的宾语),与who的区别是如果前面带介词则必须用whomThisistheteacherwhom\whowelikebest. 先行词 指人代替先行词在定语从句中充当宾语Sheisthegirlwhom\whoIwentwiththere.先行词 指人代替先行词在定语从句中充当介宾. Idon’tliketheboytowhomyouaretalking. 先行词指人代替先行词在定语从句中充当介宾且介词于前.四定语从句的关系代词that的用法:
若先行词指人或物则代替先行词在定语从句中充当主语或宾语 Theanimalthat\whichislostisapanda.先行词 指物代替先行词在定语从句中充当主语Sheisthepersonthat\whoweareworriedabout.先行词 指人代替先行词在定语从句中充当宾语注意1that\which在代物时常常可以通用,但有时只宜于用which,不用that
(1) 关系代词前有介词时.Thisisthehotelinwhichyouwillstay.
(2) 如有两个定语从句,其中一句的关系代词是that,另一句宜于用which.LetmeshowyouthenovelthatIborrowedfromtheliberarywhichwasnewlyopen(新开放)tous.注意2that\which在代物时常常可以通用,但有时只宜于用that,不用which.
(1) 先行词是形容词最高级或者它的前面有形容词最高级时Thisisthebestthathasbeenusedagainstairpollution(反对空气污染)incities.Englishisthemostdifficultsubjectthatyouwilllearnduringtheseyears.
(2) 先行词是序数词,或它的前面有一个序数词时HeisthelastpersonthatIwanttosee.(3) 主句中已有疑问词时Whichisthebikethatyoulost?
(4) 先行词既有人又有物时Thebikeanditsriderthathadrunover(撞倒了)anoldmanweretakentothepolicestation.(5) 先行词是all,much,little,something,everything,anything,nothing,none,theone等代词时 Youshouldhandinallthatyouhave.Wehaven’tgotmuchthatwecanofferyou.Imeantheonethatyoutalkedaboutjustnow.(6) 先行词前面有only,any,few,little,no,all,oneof,thesame,thevery等词修饰时Theonlythingthatwecandoistogiveyousomemoney.LiMingistheonlyonethatgotfullmarks(满分)inourclass.LiMingisoneofthestudentsthatwanttobeteachersinourclass.(7) 有两个定语从句,其中一个关系代词已用which,另外一个宜用thatEdisonbuiltupafactory(办了一个工厂)whichproducedthingsthathadneverbeenseenbefore.定语从句的关系副词Where的用法:
若先行词指地点且其在定语从句中充当地点状语.Thisisthehouse+Iwasborninthehouse.(=Iwasbornthere) 介词短语 副词=Thisisthehouse where Iwasborn.这就是我在那儿出生的房子. 先行词 关系副词 inwhich Iwasborn. 介词+关系代词 which Iwasbornin. 关系代词 这里作介宾的which和that可以省略 that Iwasbornin关系代词. 练习:
用which,where填空 1 Thisisthefactory theywanttovisit。
2 Mysisterworksinabookshopin wecanreadmanykindsofbooks3Haveyouvisitedthecity thefamousscientistwasborn?
4 Isthisthemuseum theyvisitedlastmonth?
5 Hebuiltatelescopethrough hecouldstudytheskies.6 Thepencilwith________hewrotewasbroken.7 Isthistheshop_____ sellschildren’sclothing?
8 Istillreme
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