民航货运英语备课讲稿.docx
- 文档编号:26105543
- 上传时间:2023-06-17
- 格式:DOCX
- 页数:8
- 大小:20.27KB
民航货运英语备课讲稿.docx
《民航货运英语备课讲稿.docx》由会员分享,可在线阅读,更多相关《民航货运英语备课讲稿.docx(8页珍藏版)》请在冰豆网上搜索。
民航货运英语备课讲稿
民航货运英语
LESSONONEThedevelopmentofaircargo航空货运的发展
Smallpackageservice:
Aspecializedserviceguaranteeingthedeliveryofsmallparcelswithinspecifiedexpresstimelimits,e.g.samedayornextday.Thistrafficissubjecttosizeandweightlimitations.Mostpassengeraircarriersalsoprovidethisserviceatairportticketcounterswithdeliveryatdestinationbaggageclaimarea.It’softenreferredtoascountertocounter.
Tonmile:
Thecommonmeasurementoftransportationproductivity.Onetonmilemeansonetonofcargoflownonemile.
All-cargoaircraft:
Aircraftforthecarriageofcargoonly,ratherthanthecombinationofpassengersandcargo.Cargoaircraftcarrypalletizedorcontainerizedtrafficonthemaindeckandeitherunitizedorbulkcargoonthelowerdeck.Cargoaircraftarenormallyequippedwithspecialcargoloadingsystemsonthemaindeck.Alsoreferredtoasfreighters.
TEXT
Thetermaircargoisgenerallyusedinthebroadsense,toincludeairfreight,mail,andtheseveraltypesofexpeditedsmallpackageservices.Inshort,almosteverythingthatgoesinthecargocompartmentonapassengerflightisconsideredaircargo,exceptpassengerbaggage,whichistreatedaspartofthepassenger.
Theairlinegottheirstartcarryingmail,thenprogressedintothepassengerbusinessandmovedtosubstantialparticipationinthefreightbusiness.Yetalthoughitwasthelatecomer,airfreightwasoncethefastest-growingsegmentoftheairlineindustry.From1961through1971,theton-milesoffreightcarriedbyUSscheduledairlineshadnearlyafivefoldincrease,whilepassenger-milesincreasedalittleoverthreefold.The1970sshowedslowerbutsteadygrowth,abouta67percentincreaseoverthedecadeforton-milesofairfreight.
Inthe1980ssmall-packageexpressservicesgrewrapidlyanddataforthatdecadereflectfreightandexpresscombined.Theyshowan85percentincreaseinton-milesinthetenyears.Mostrecentfiguresshowanincreaseof11.5percentfrom1990-1993.
Butitwouldbeamistaketodowngradetheimportanceofaircargoonlybecauseitisasmallbusinesscomparedwiththepassengerbusiness.Becauseofitsspeed,andbecauseofthemanysavingsderivingfromspeed,aircargoservicehasbecomevaluabletomanufactures,toretailers,andtoconsumers.Amanufacturerofappliancesmayrelyontheairlinesfordeliveryofcomponents,whileretailersmayuseairformovingmuchoftheirmerchandisetotheirscatteredoutlets.Theconsumermaybenefitinmanyways,suchasquickreceiptofurgentlyneededgoods.Theconsumeralsobenefitsindirectlytotheextentthatuseofairmayinvolveandoverallcostsavinginthemanufactureanddistributionofgoods.
Manyairlinesspecializeincarryingcargo.Butmuchcargoiscarriedbyregularpassengerairlines,whichmeansmostcargotodaytravelsinthecargoholdsonpassengerflights,ratherthanall-cargoaircraft.
In1949theCivilAeronauticsBoard(CAB)establishedaclassofairlinecalledcertificatedcargocarriers.Theonememberofthatsurvivedintothe1980swastheflyingtigerline,whichdevelopedalargeworldwidenetworkand,foratime,wastheworld’slargestcarrierofairfreight.In1989itwasacquiredbythesmall-packagecarrierfederalexpress.
The1970sand1980ssawaremarkablegrowthinsmall-packagetraffic.The1990s,however,haveseensmall-packagecarriersexpandintotheairfreightbusiness,themergerofFederalExpresswithFlyingTigerbeingconsistentwiththistrend.Thetermintegratedcarrierwasinitiallyusedforsmall-packagecarriersusingtheirowntrucksforpickupanddelivery—“integrated”inthesenseofone-com-anyservicefromdoortodoor.Notonlyhavethesecarriersbeenexpandingintoairfreight,manyairfreightforwardsnowoperatetheirownaircraftandprovideone-company“integrated”service.Thetermisnowcomingtobeusedtodistinguishtheairlinethatcarriesonlycargofromthecombinationcarrierthatisprimarilyinthepassengerbusinessandtakescargoasasideline.
LESSONTWOAirFreight航空运费
Airwaybill:
Thedocumentmadebyoronbehalfoftheshipperwhichisadocumentaryevidenceofcarrier’sandshipper’ssignaturetothecontractofcarriage.
Shipment:
Alsoknownasconsignment.Oneormorepiecesoffreightbeingtransportedunderthecontractedauthorityofoneairwaybill
CustomsBroker:
anagentspecializedininboundcustomsclearance
Container:
Aunitloaddevice(ULD)inwhichaconsignmentcanbetransported.
TEXT
Themovementoffreightbyairismorecomplicatedthanthemovementofpassengersbyair.Everypieceoffreighthastobecarefullylabeledandtransportedfromplacetoplace.Inaddition,therearemorecomplicatedgovernmentregulationsforinternationalshipmentoffreightthanforpassengers.
Becauseofthesecomplications,mostairfreightshipmentsarehandledbyfreightforwardingagencies,whichfillafunctionsimilartothatperformedbytravelagenciesforpassengers.Inotherwords,theytakecareofmakingallthenecessaryarrangementssothatthecustomerisnotbotheredwithmanyofthedetails.
Theairfreightagentdoesmostofhisworkbytelephone.Let’ssupposethatashippingclerkcallsinfromacompanythatsendsalargenumberofshipmentsbyair.Theairfreightagentassignsanairwaybillnumbertotheshipment.Thenhearrangesforpickupoftheshipment.Hecanalsobooktheshipmentonwhateverflightsarenecessary.Whentheshipmentisreceivedbytheairline,eachpieceismarkedwiththeairwaybillnumberforidentification.
Airfreightiscarriedeitherinthebaggagecompartmentofaregularpassengerflight,orbyfreightswhichhavebeenespeciallydesignedoradaptedforcarryingcargo.Thefreightersusuallyoperatebetweenmajorshippingpoints.
Thechargesonairfreightaredeterminedeitherbyweightorweightplusvolume----thatis,bythesizeofthepiecesintheshipment.Generally,acertainnumberofcubicinchesisconsideredtheequivalentofapoundofweight.Oninternationalshipments,theshipperisatpresentallowed194cubicinchesforeachpound.Ifheexceedsthevolumeallowance,hepaysahigherrate.
Withpassengers,thefarefortheflightisalmostalwayspaidinadvance.Withfreight,howevertheairlinecanacceptpaymentondelivery,thisiscustomarywithlarge,frequentshippers.Amemberofthegeneralpublicwhoisshippingpersonaleffectswouldprobablybeaskedtoprepay.Inregardtointernationalshipments,however,somecountriesdonotpermitandshipmentsexceptthosethathavebeenprepaid,nomatterwhotheshipperis.
Withamemberofthepublic,theagentisprobablyunabletoassignanairwaybillnumber,ascertainthecharges,orbooktheshipmentonspecificflightsuntiltheshipmenthasbeenreceivedbytheairline,whenitisweighed,andcheckedtoseeifitisadequatelypacked.Whenacompanyismarkingafirst-timeshipment,particularlyifitisaninternationalshipment,theairlineagentmightrecommendafreightforwardingagencytohelptheshipperwithalltheproblemsofdocumentation,insurance,andsoon.
Inadditiontothefreightforwardingagencies,theshippingbusinesshasalsogivenrisetoanotheroccupation,thecustomsbroker.Thecustomsbrokergivesassistancetointernationalshippersbothingettingnecessarydocumentationforoutgoingshipmentsandingettingincomingshipments,throughcustomsformalities.Inalmostallcountries,incomingfreightmustgothroughcustoms,beforeitcanbereleasedtotheconsignee.Freightusuallymustbeopenedandinspectedinthepresenceoftheconsigneeorhisrepresentative.Thisisoneofthejobsperformedbyacustomsbroker.
Theairwaybillisthemostimportantdocumentintheshippingofairfreight.Thecommonpracticeonmostairlinesistomarkeachpieceoffreightintheshipmentwithanairwaybillnumber.
Itisacomplicateddocument.Thereareusuallyasmanyastwelvecopiesofeachairwaybill.Copiesgototheshipper,theconsignee,andeachairlineonwhichthefreighttravels.Theairwaybillshowsthevalueoftheshipment,thecharges,theinsurance,theflightsonwhichthefreightisbeingshipped,andotherinformation.
Theentirebusinessofshippingfreightisacomplicatedone.Inadditiontotheroutineofarrangingforcollectionanddelivery,bookingtheshipmentsonflights,andfillingoutairwaybill,thefreightagentisalsoinvolvedinsuchproblemsastracinglostorstrayedshipmentsanddealingwithclaimsondamagedshipments.Hemustalsobeacquaintedwiththespecialservicesthathisairlineoffers,suchascontainerizedservice,inwhichtheairlineprovidestheshipperwithspecialcontainers.
Airfreight,willprobablymakeupalargeshareofthetotalairlinebusinessinthefuture.Airlinesgenerallymakealargerprofitcarryingfreightthanpassengers,afact,whichguaranteesthegrowthofairfreightservices.
LESSONTHREETypesofcarriers承运人类型
Specialterms
Integratedcarrier:
Acarrierthatprovidesdoor-to-dooraircargotransportationusingitsownorcontractedairplanesandmotortrucks,andperformsthisserviceundertheauthorityofasingleairwaybill(e.g.UnitedParcelserviceandFederalExpress).
CombinationCarrier:
Scheduledaircarrierswhotransportbothpassengersandcargoinpassengerconfiguredaircraft,withcargorestrictedtothelowerdeckcompartments.
Belly:
AlsoknownasPitsorHolds.Compartmentslocatedbeneaththecabinofanaircraftandusedforthecarriageofcargoandpassengerbaggage.
PickupandDelivery:
Anoptionalserviceforthesurfacetransportofshipmentsfromshipper’sdocktooriginationairterminalandformtheairterminalofdestinationtoreceiver’sdock.Fora
- 配套讲稿:
如PPT文件的首页显示word图标,表示该PPT已包含配套word讲稿。双击word图标可打开word文档。
- 特殊限制:
部分文档作品中含有的国旗、国徽等图片,仅作为作品整体效果示例展示,禁止商用。设计者仅对作品中独创性部分享有著作权。
- 关 键 词:
- 民航 货运 英语 备课 讲稿