版英语高三一轮复习系列大一轮复习讲义话题版浙江话题Unit 10.docx
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版英语高三一轮复习系列大一轮复习讲义话题版浙江话题Unit 10.docx
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版英语高三一轮复习系列大一轮复习讲义话题版浙江话题Unit10
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1.Diets(饮食)havechangedinChina—andsotoohasitstopcrop.(2018·全国Ⅱ)
2.Asabusyandactiveteacher,Icouldn’timaginebecomingadisabled(残疾的)person.
3.Hewasdiagnosed(诊断)withaseveredisease(疾病).
4.Thereportsaidtheyalsofacedpressure(压力)torespondtomessagesatallhoursoftheday.
(2018·江苏)
5.Apparently,blindlyfollowingothers’advicewillaffect(影响)ourownjudgment.
6.Knowingthesecausescanmakeusexamine(检查)ourbehavior,andcorrectbadhabits.
(2018·北京)
7.Amonthbeforemyfirstmarathon,oneofmyankleswasinjured(受伤的)andthismeantnotrunningfortwoweeks,leavingmeonlytwoweekstotrain.(2018·北京)
8.They’llkeepyourchildmentally(心理上)andphysicallyactivethewholedaythroughwhilepushingbuttons,experimenting,andbuilding.
9.Thishospitalattachedtothemedical(医学的)collegenearbywasdestroyedintheearthquake.
10.Thepresidentcameundersevere(严厉的)criticismforhishandlingofthecrisis.
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1.Iwasshocked(shock)atthenewswhenIheardit.
2.Nancy’sfirstreactiontothenewswasastrangemixture(mix)ofjoyandanger.
3.SomeresearchhasshownthatnottakingonaSaturdayorholidayjobcouldbeharmful(harm)toapersonlateron.
4.Inaddition,themoreyouworkout,themoreenergetic(energy)youwillbecome.
5.Cookingvegetablesfortoolonglessenstheirnutritional(nutrition)value.
6.Despitethepoorservice(serve)ofthehotel,themanagerisreluctanttoinvestinsufficienttrainingforhisstaff.(2018·江苏)
7.Whenadark-coloredcakewasservedonablackplateratherthanawhiteone,customersrecognizeditassweeterandmoretasty(taste).(2018·江苏)
8.Youaskedmeinyourlastletteraboutthephysical(physics)exerciseinourschoolandthefollowinginformationmaygiveyouaroughsketch.(2018·全国Ⅲ)
9.Youmaydrink,smoke,beoverweightandstillreduceyourriskofdying(die)earlybyrunning.
(2018·全国Ⅰ)
10.Shemadethepainful(pain)decisiontogiveawayhergirlsothatbothofthemmighthaveachanceforabetterlife.
Ⅲ.选词填空
1.Theystayedupallnightlongsinginganddancing.(2018·全国Ⅲ)
2.Ourcarbrokedownonourwayhomelastnight.
3.However,cherriesarerichinvitaminC.(2018·全国Ⅱ)
4.Astronautswillsufferfromacarbon-dioxideheadachewhentheyexerciseinoneplaceforalongtime.
5.ThisbriefvisitwithMotherNaturecostmetwodaysofffromwork,recoveringfromabadcaseofsunburn.(2017·全国Ⅰ)
6.Thedoctorssaidthattheycouldcure90%ofthepatientsofthedisease.
7.Byfollowingthebasicrulesofrespectingothers,takingcareofwhatbelongstoyou,youwillquicklybecomeagoodneighborthateveryoneappreciates.(2018·浙江)
8.GetbackintobedandI’llsendforthedoctor.
Ⅳ.同义词语替换
1.Childrenshouldlearntolookaftertheirhealthwell.takegoodcareof
2.Ittookhimaweektogetoverhiscold.recoverfrom
3.Fruitjuicescanbeveryharmfultochildren’steeth.doseriousharmto
4.Thedoctordecidedtooperateonherimmediately.perform/haveanoperationon
5.I’msufferingfromabadback.havingapaininmyback
affectvt.影响;感动;疾病侵袭;使感染
(1)beaffectedby被……感动;被……影响/侵袭
beaffectedwithhighfever发高烧
affectsb.totears把某人感动得流泪
(2)affectionn.喜爱;爱慕
(1)Whatkindofeducationcanbe“meaningful”toyoungpeopleaffected(affect)byconflict?
(2016·浙江)
(2)Shewasaffectedtotears(感动得落泪)byhisstory.
[句式升级]
(3)Hewasaffectedbythefailureintheexamandlostheart.(用过去分词短语作状语改写)
Affectedbythefailureintheexam,helostheart.
[熟词生义] 选择句子中affect的汉语意思
(4)Thediseaseaffectsmanydifferentorgansofhisbody.C
A.影响B.感动C.(疾病)侵袭
curev.治愈;治好;矫正,改正;解决
n.治疗;疗程;对策
1curesb.of...治愈某人的……;矫正某人的……
2acurefor...针对……的治疗
(1)Thedestructionofsuchspeciescouldpreventresearchersfromfindingcuresforcertaindiseases.
(2)Therewasonceaguywhosufferedfromcancer,whichcan’tbecured(cure).
(2018·黑龙江哈尔滨六中二模)
(3)Theauthor’smothertoldhimtoborrowabookinordertohelpcurehimof(克服)hisreadingproblem.
[根据语境用cure,treat的正确形式填空]
(4)Thedoctorwastreatingthegirlwhosufferedfromcancer.
(5)Whowasitthatcuredtheoldprofessorofhiscancer?
[词义辨析] cure,treat
※cure表示“治愈”,宾语既可以是人,也可以是疾病,有时也表示“矫正;革除”。
※treat表示“治疗”时,多接人作宾语,强调“治疗”这一动作,并不说明是否治愈。
(1)beharmfulto对……有害
(2)harmn.&vt.伤害;损害
doharmtosb.=dosb.harm伤害某人
causeharmtosb.伤害某人
meannoharmto...对……没有恶意
Thereisnoharmindoing...做……无害处。
(3)harmlessadj.无害的;无辜的
(1)It’sharmful(harm)forthestudents’overallreviewifateacherpredictsthetest.
(2)Ifusedimproperly,themedicinewilldo/causeharmtoyou/doyouharm/beharmfultoyou(对你造成伤害).
(3)[同义句改写] Theydon’tusuallyemployuntrainedworkers,butitdoesn’tdoanyharmtotryyourfortune.
→Theydon’tusuallyemployuntrainedworkers,butthere’snoharmintryingyourfortune.
recovervi.复原,恢复健康
vt.重新获得,恢复
(1)recoverfrom从……中恢复
recoveroneself恢复正常;使清醒
(2)recoveryn.康复;恢复
(1)Atthehospital,hediscoveredhehadfourbrokenbones.Whilestillrecoveringfromhisaccident,hewasdealtasecondblow.(2019·山东德州模拟)
(2)IttookMomafewminutestorecoverherself(her),andthenshewasbackincontrolagain.
(3)Annmadeaquickrecovery(recover)fromheroperation.
(1)sufferfrom遭受……折磨;患……病
(2)sufferingn.受苦,遭难;苦楚,苦难
sufferern.受害者;患者
[根据语境用suffer,sufferfrom的正确形式填空]
(1)Itislikelythatyoucouldsufferfrombadhealthifyoukeepsmoking.
(2)DroughtcontinuestoannoymanypartsofChina,withtensofthousandssufferingwatershortagesandmillionsofothersaffected.
[句式升级]
(3)Aftertheyhadsufferedsuchaheavylossintheearthquake,theygothelpfromallovertheworld.(用现在分词短语作状语改写)
Havingsufferedsuchaheavylossintheearthquake,theygothelpfromallovertheworld.
易错点拨
(1)suffer和sufferfrom一般不用于被动语态。
(2)suffer作及物动词,意思同experience(体验;经历),其后可跟pain,defeat,hardship等词作宾语;sufferfrom中from表示原因,意为“因……而受苦”。
upsetadj.心烦意乱的;不安的
vt.使不安;使心烦;扰乱
vi.翻倒
(1)be/feelupsetabout/over/atsth.为某事心烦/难过
beupsettodosth.对做某事感到不安/难过
(2)Itupsetssb.todosth.做某事使某人感到不安
Itupsetssb.that...让某人心烦的是……
(1)Newcollegestudentsmightbehomesickbecausetheyfeel/areupsetabout/over/at(对……感到难过)somethingunexpected.(2018·吉林长春四模)
(2)Findingoutyouhavealearningdisabilitycanbeupsetting(upset).Youmightfeeldifferentfromeveryoneelse.(2018·四川绵阳三模)
(3)Ourarrangementsfortheweekendwereupset(upset)byhervisit.
(4)[同义句改写] Whatupsethimwasthathedidn’tpasstheexam.
①Whatmadehimupsetwasthathedidn’tpasstheexam.(what引导主语从句)
②Itupsethimthathedidn’tpasstheexam.(it作形式主语)
易错点拨
upset充当形容词时常用作表语,不能作定语。
(1)servesth.tosb.=servesb.sth.给某人端上……
servethepeople为人民服务
serveas当作;作为
(It)servesyouright.活该,你这是罪有应得。
(2)servicen.服务
attheserviceofsb.=atone’sservice听某人差遣;随时准备为某人做事
beofserviceto对……有帮助
inservice在职;使用中;服兵役
(1)Sheservedasatypist(当打字员)inabankformanyyearsbeforesheworkshere.
(2)Ifyouneedanything,Iamatyourservice/attheserviceofyou(听您吩咐).
(3)Ihopethislittlewarningmaybeofserviceto(对……有帮助)them,andhelpthemchangethishabit.
(4)[同义句改写] Fourwaitersserveduslunch.
→Fourwaitersservedlunchtous.
[熟词生义] 选择句子中serve的汉语意思
(5)Hisabilitytogetonwithpeopleservedhimwellinsettinguphisownbusiness.C
A.招待 B.端上 C.有助于
sendaway解雇;发送掉;把……打发走
sendout发送,发出,派遣
sendup发出;射出;长出
[根据语境用send短语的正确形式填空]
(1)Hermotherwasillandshesentforadoctor.
(2)Thesunsendsoutlightandheat.
(3)WhendidChinasendupitsfirstman-madesatellite?
(4)Theworkerdidn’tbehavewell,sohewassentaway.
stayawayfromsb./sth.离开;不接近某人;不去某处
stayin待在家里
stayout待在外面
(1)Istayeduplastnighttowatchthefootballmatch.
我昨天晚上熬夜看足球比赛。
(2)Thedoctortellshimtostayawayfromfatfoods.
医生告诉他远离油腻的食品。
(3)[翻译句子] Hestayeduptoolatelastnighttogetupontimethismorning.
他昨夜熬夜太晚以至于今早不能按时起床。
careabout关心;在意;忧虑;惦念
takecare当心
takecareof照料;处理
withcare小心地
(1)Shethinksonlyofherself;shedoesn’tcareaboutotherpeople.
她只顾自己,不顾别人。
(2)Astheaverageageofthepopulationincreases,therearemoreandmoreoldpeopletocarefor.
(2016·天津)
随着人口平均寿命的延长,越来越多的老人需要照顾。
(3)[同义句改写] Whateveryoudo,youmustdoitcarefully.
→Whateveryoudo,youmustdoitwithcare.
易错点拨
careabout意为“介意;在乎”;carefor意为“喜欢;照顾”,两者意义不同,不要混淆。
getaround/about/round到处旅行;四处走动;新闻或消息等传开
getawaywith做了坏事而不受惩罚;受到从轻发落;携带……跑掉
getawayfrom从……脱离;逃脱
getacross解释清楚,使人了解;传达to
getdownto开始;着手
(1)Itdidn’ttakelongforthenewsofhisresignationtogetaround/about/round.
不久大家就都知道了他辞职的消息。
(2)Didyourspeechgetacrosstothecrowd?
你的演说听众理解吗?
(3)Ifwecangetoverourpresentdifficulties,theneverythingshouldbeallright.
如果我们能够克服目前的困难,那么一切都会顺利。
(4)AssoonasJanearrivedatthislaboratory,shegotdowntowork.
简一到实验室,就开始着手工作了。
(1)particularadj.特别的;特殊的;讲究的;挑剔的n.细节;细目
(2)inparticular(=particularly)特别,尤其
(1)Thegirlisveryparticularabout/overherfood.
(2)Inoticedhereyesparticularly/inparticular(特别),becausetheywereverylarge.
[熟词生义] 选择句子中particular的汉语意思
(3)Heraccountiscorrectineveryparticular.B
A.特色B.细节C.项目
Wecan’temphasizetheimportanceofprotectingoureyestoomuch.
我们再怎么强调保护眼睛的重要性也不为过。
(1)含否定词表最高级意义的其他表达:
①can/could+never/not...+形容词/副词+enough=can/could+never/not...+too+形容词/副词“再……也不为过”;
②否定词+so/as+形容词/副词原级+as;
③否定词+形容词/副词比较级+than;
④havenever+such+形容词原级+名词。
(2)“否定词+比较级”表达最高级含义,“否定词+比较级”结构中常用的否定词有no,not,never,nothing,nobody等。
(1)ItwasnotuntilthenthatIsuddenlyrealisednobodywashappierthanIwas.
直到那时我才意识到没人比我更幸福了。
(2)Heiskindandhelpful,soyoucan’tpraisehimtoomuch.
他善良且乐于助人,因此你再怎么赞扬他也不为过。
[句式升级]
(3)Springisthemostpleasantseasonofall.(用“否定词+比较级”改写)
Noseasonismorepleasantthanspring.
AstheCollegeEntranceExaminationisdrawingnear,weseniorhighschoolstudentsareoccupiedwithbusywork.
随着高考的临近,我们高中生忙于学业。
(1)Astheworld’spopulationcontinuestogrow,thelistoffoodbecomesmoreandmoreofaconcern.
随着世界人口的持续增长,食品的供应成了人们越来越关心的事情。
(2)[同义句改写] Astimewenton,ourknowledgebroadened.(用with复合结构改写)
→Withtimegoingon,ourknowledgebroadened.
易错点拨
as作连词时,引导时间状语从句,意为“随着,一边……一边……”;with“随着”,是介词,后接名词或代词,构成with短语或with复合结构。
Whynotdrinkalittle,exercise,stopsmokingandeatmorefruitandvegetables?
为何不少喝点酒,参加锻炼,戒烟,多吃水果和蔬菜呢?
(1)whynot...有三重含义:
①表示建议,意为“为什么不做……呢?
做……如何?
”whynot跟不带to的不定式,即“whynotdo...?
=whydon’t/won’tyoudo...?
”;
②表示对否定陈述的回答,意为“为什么不;为什么是那样?
”;
③表示同意,意为“当然可以,好啊”。
(2)Whyisitthat...?
……是因为什么?
(强调句型的特殊疑问句)
(1)—Let’sgotoseethemovie.
—Whynot?
——我们去看电影吧。
——好啊。
(2)Whyisitthatparentsonlypayattentiontouswhenwegetintotrouble?
为什么父母总是在我们遇到麻烦的时候才注意到我们呢?
(3)[同义句改写] Bytheway,whydon’tyoudropinforadrinkthisevening?
→Bytheway,whynotdropinforadrinkthis
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