情态动词表推测用法总结整理稿.docx
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情态动词表推测用法总结整理稿.docx
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情态动词表推测用法总结整理稿
补充强调:
推测的句型特点(对某一次的推测句型有两部分:
语气和时态)
(1)语气部分:
(以下情态动词语气由强至弱)
肯定句:
must、maymight(=could)
否定句:
can,t(=couldn't)、maynt>mightn't
疑问句:
can>could(语气更加委婉不确定
(2)时态部分:
havedone表示对过去的推测
bedoing表示对正在进行的推测
be表示对现在的推测
语气部分写在前时态部分写在后,组合在一起就是推测
(-)情态动词表推测的三种句_
能用于表推测的情态动词:
must,can,could,will,would,may,might,should,oughtto
1.在肯定句中一般用must
(一定),may(可能),might/could(也许,或许)。
(1)Hemust/may/mightknowtheanswertothisquestion?
他一定/可能/也许知道这个问题的答案。
(2)Itiscoldintheroom・Theymusthaveturnedofftheheating・
屋里很冷,他们肯定把暖气关了。
2.否定句中用can't/couldn't(不可能),maynot/mightnot(可能不)。
(1)ItcanJt/couldn'tbetheheadmaster・HehasgonetoAmerica.这不可能是校长,他去美国了。
(2)Hemaynot/mightnotknowthescientist.
他也许不认识那位科学家。
3.疑问句中用can/could(能..?
)。
(1)Couldhehavefinishedthetask?
他可能把任务完成了吗?
(2)Canhebeathomenow?
他现在能在家吗?
注:
以上三种句式中情态动词的语气按程度都是依次递减的。
Might,could并非的过may,can去式,而表示语气较为委婉或可能性较小。
(二)情态动词表推测的三种时丄
1.对将来情况的推测,用丨“情态动词+动词原形”。
(1)Shemust/may/might/couldarrivebefore5.
5:
00前她一定/可能/也许到。
(2)Shemust/may/might/couldwalkmilesandmilesamongthehillswithoutmeetinganyone・她一定/可能/也许会在山里一连走好几英里而遇不到一个人。
态动词+动词原形”
(1)Hemust/may/might/couldbelisteningtotheradionow.
他一定/可能/也许正在听收音机。
(2)Hecan't(couldn't)/may(might)notbeathomeatthistime.
这个时候他不可能/可能不在家。
(3)Mr.Bushisontimeforeverything.Howcan(could)hebelatefortheopeningceremony布什先生一向准时,这次开幕式他怎么可能迟到呢?
3•对过去情况的推测,用丨“情态动词+have+过去分词”丨。
(1)Itmust/may/might/couldhaverainedlastnight.Thegroundiswet.
地湿了,昨晚肯定/可能/也许下雨了。
(2)Thedoorwaslocked.Hecan(could)not/may(might)nothavebeenathome.
门锁着,他不可能/可能不在家。
(3)Can/Couldhehavegottenthebook?
难道他找到书了吗?
注:
情态动词should/oughtto表推测时,意为"想必会,理应”但与"have+过去分词”连
用时,则又可构成虚拟语气意为“本应该做某事却没做”。
例如:
(4)It'sseveno'clock.Jackshould/oughttobehereatanymoment.
现在七点钟了,杰克理应随时到达。
(推测)
(5)Sheshould/oughttohaveattendedyourbirthdayparty,butshehadtolookafterher
motherinhospital.(虚拟)
她本该出席你的生日晚会的,可是她得在医院照顾她妈妈。
(6)Tomshouldnot/oughtnottohavetoldmeyoursecret,buthemeantnoharm.(虚拟)
汤姆本不该告诉我你的秘密,可是他并无恶意。
(三)几组表推测的情态动词用法
情态动词+完成时”是历年高考的热点,在做此类练习时,既需要掌握这一结构的基本用法,又应该仔细体会题干所提供的语言信息,准确理解语言环境和说话人的含义,尤其要注意题干中时态给予的暗示。
1.musthavedone表示对已经发生的事情的推测,意为一定,想必”,句子中表示的是一-种肯定的推测。
这种结构一般只用于肯定句,其否定形式是can,t(couldn')thavedone,表示不可能,肯定不会”。
例
如:
Hedidn'thearthephone・Hemusthavebeenasleep・
他没有听到电话响,他肯定是已经睡着了。
HemusthavebeentoShanghai・
他一定去过上海。
Theycan'thavegoneout,becausethelightison.
他们不可能出去,因为灯亮着。
2.can(could)havedone表示对过去的时间内可能发生的事情的猜测,canhavedone—般只用于否定
句和疑问句。
couldhavedone还可以用于肯定句,常用来表示本来可能完成而实际未完成的动作。
例如:
Hecan'thavefinishedtheworksosoon.
这项工作他不可能完成得这样快。
Wecouldhavewalkedtothestation,itwassonear.我们本来是可以走到车站去的,路很近。
3.may(might)havedone
(1)表示对已经发生的事情的不太肯定的推测,意为“可能已经,或许已经”。
(2)虚拟用法表示本可以做,但却没做(表示很委屈地责备)
Ifwehadtakentheotherroad,wemighthavearrivedearlier.如果我们选择另一条路,我们可能会到得早一些。
Hemighthavegivenyoumorehelp,hewasverybusy.他本来是可以给你更多帮助的,尽管他很忙。
4.needn'thavedon指实际上做了本来不必要做的事,意为本来不必”例如:
Therewasplentyoftime.Sheneedn'thavehurried.时间很充裕,她本不必匆忙。
Youneedn'thavetoldhimthenews.他本来不必把这个消息告诉他。
5.should(oughtto)havedone指本该做而实际未做的事,意为“本来应该”。
其否定式(oughtnshouldn*t')thavedone则表示某种行为不该发生但却发生了。
例如:
Youshouldhavestartedearlier,butyoudidn't.
你本应该早一点出发,但是你没有。
Yououghttohavehelpedhim(butyoudidn)'.t你本应该帮助他。
Weshouldn'thavewaitedforherbecauseshenevercame.我们本不应该等她,因为她根本不会来。
6.Wouldhavedone本想做(却没做)wouldn'thavedone本不想做(却做了)
Iwouldhavehelpedyou,butIwastoobusy.我本想帮你,但我太忙了
1.
IstayedatahotelinNewYork.
D.musthavestayed
——Oh,didyou?
YouwithBarbara.
A.couldhavestayedB.couldstayC.wouldsay
2Whydidn'tyoutellmetherewasnomeetingtoday?
Ialltahyehwerethroughtheheavysnow.
4A:
IsJohncomingbytrain?
B:
Heshould,buthenot.Helikesdrivinghiscar.
A.mustB.canC.needD.may
5.Mr.Whiteat8:
30forthemeeting,buthedidn'tshowup.
A.shouldhavearrivedB.shouldarrive
C.shouldhavehadarrivedD.shouldbearriving
6.Sorry,I'mlate・_I_h_a_veturnedoffthealarmandgonetosleepagain.
A.mightB.shouldC.canD.will
7.Youbetired—You'veonlybeenworkingforanhour・
A.mustnotB.won'tC.can'tD・maynot
8.——Ididn'tgotorkwyoesterdayafternoonbecausemycarbrokedown.
A.mightborrow
B.couldhaveborrowed
C.canhaveborrowed
9.——Amanansweredthephone.
D.oughttoborrow
Isupposeitwasherhusband.
A.mustnrtbe
B.couldn!
thavebeen
C.maynothavebeen——Itherhusband.
D.mustn'thavebeen
Hehasbeendeadforages.
1)
1.
选择填空
Ididn,tsee
A.mustn't
C.needn't
2.Oneought
herin
havespoken
havespoken
forwhatonehasJntdone.
themeetingroomthismorning・Sheatthemeeting.
B.shouldn,thavespoken
D.couldn,thavespoken
A.nottobepunishedB.tonotbepunished
C.tonotpunishedD・notbepunished
3.Ifyoureallywantyourselftobeingoodhealth,youmustalways
A.not;besmokingB.not;havesmoked
C.not;tosmokeD・benot:
smoking
4.Withsomuchworkonhand,youtoseethegamelastnight・
mustn'tgoB.shouldn'tgoC.couldn,thavegoneD.shouldn,thavegone5.Most
A.
ofthestudentsfeltratherdisappointedattheEnglishparty・Theysaythatitorganized・
A.hadbeen
B.hadtobeC.must
havebeenD.couldhavebeen
better
6.I'msurprisedthathe_intheexam・
A.shouldfailB.wouldhavefailedC.
mayhavefailedD.shouldhavefailed
7.Thelittlegirltherealone.
A.notdaregoB.daresnotgoC.dare
8."Mustwedoitnow?
”N“
A.won'tB.needn't
9.Hesaidhewouldrathernot
A.doingB.todoC.do
10.Youtothemeetingthisafternoonifyouhave
somethingimportanttodo.
A.needn'ttocomeB.don'tneedcomeC.don'tneedcomingD.needn'tcome
11.Putonmoreclothes・You_befeelingcoldwithonlyashirton.
A.canB.couldC.wouldD.must
notgo
D.darenottogo
o,
you
C.can,titrightnow.
D.don't
D.tobedoing
A.mayB.mightC・could
D.must
14.Therewasplentyoftimes・She_・
A.mustn,thavehurried
B.
couldn,thavehurried
C.mustnothurry
D.
needn'thavehurried
15.Theplantisdead・I_itmorewater・
A.willgiveB.wouldhavegivenC.
mustgive
D.shouldhavegiven
12.Iplayfootballthanbasebal1.
A.wouldratherB.hadbetterC.likebetterD.prefer
13.Ithoughtyou_likesomethingtoread,soIhavebroughtyousomebooks.
16.You
returnthebooknow.Youcankeepittillnextweekifyoulike.
A.can'tB.mustn't
17.Ifsstillearly,you.
A.mustn'thurryB.wouldn'thurry
18.Pleaseopenthewindow,?
A.can'tyouB.aren11you19We
C.needn't
D.maynot
C.maynothurry
D.don'thavetohurry
C.doyou
D.willyou
forherbecauseshenevercame.
A.mustn'thavewaited
B.shouldn'thavewaited
C.mustn'twaitD.needn'twait
20.—MayIstophere?
—No,you.
A.mustn'tB.mightnotC.needn'tD.won4
21.Ifsafineday.Let1sgofishing,・
A.won'tweB.willweC.don4weD.shallwe
22.Ididn*tseeherinthemeetingroomthismorning.Sheatthemeeting.
A.mustn'thavespokenB.shouldn'thavespoken
C.needn'thavespokenD.couldn'thavespoken
23.—Pleasedon4makeanoise.
—.I'llbeasquietasamouse.
A.Yes,Iwon'tB.No,Iwon'tC.No,IwillD.Yes,Iwill
24.Theyoungmanhasmadesomuchnoisethathenothavebeenallowedtoattendthe
concert.
A.couldB.mustC.wouldD.should
25.—WhereisJohn?
—Heinthelibrary.
A.shouldbeB.mustbeC.canbeD.musthavebeen
26.Sincetheroadiswetthismorning,lastnight.
A.itmustrainB.itmustberaining
C.itmusthaverainedD.itmusthavebeenrain
27.—Willyourbrotherstayhometonight?
—I'mnotquitesure.Hetothecinematonight.
D.can'thavedone
tomorrow.
A.mustB.mayC・shallD.bothBandC
38.“Yourphonenumberagain?
I_quitecatchi”t.“It's9568442.
A.didn'tB.couldn,tC.dontD.can"t
39.Motherusstorieswhenwewerechildren.
A.wasusedtotellB.isusedtotellingC.usedtotellD.usedtotelling
40.Shewouldrathermoremoneyonbooksonclothes.
A.cost…notB.tospare…don'tC.pay•••thanD.spend•••than
1.Youreturnthebooknow.Youcankeepittillnextweekifyoulike.
4.Ididn,thearthephone・I_asleep・
A.mustbeB.musthavebeenC.shouldbeD.shouldhavebeen
5.Ifmylawyer_herelastSaturday,he_mefromgoing.
A.hadbeen;wouldhavepreventedB.hadbeen;wouldprevent
C.were;wouldpreventD.were;wouldhaveprevented
6.Heyoumorehelp,eventhoughhewasverybusy・
A.mighthavegivenB.mighthaveC・mayhavegivenD・maygive
7.Ifit_forthesnow,wethemountainyesterday.
A.werenot;couldhaveclimbedB.werenot;couldclimb
C.hadnotbeen;couldhaveclimbedD.hadnotbeen;couldclimb
8.Withoutelectricityhumanlifequitedifficulttoday.
A.isB.willbeC・wouldhavebeenD.wouldbe
9.Acomputerthinkforitself,itmustbetoldwhattodo.
A.cantB.couldn'tC.maynotD.mightnot
10.Jennyhavekeptherword・Iwonderwhyshechangedhermind・
A.mustB.shouldC.needD.would
11.Welastnight,butwewenttotheconcertinstead.
A.musthavestudiedB・mightstudyC・shouldhavestudiedD・wouldstudy12—CouldIborrowyourdictionary?
—Yes,ofcourseyou・
A.mightB.willC.canD.should
13.Tomoughtnottomeyoursecret,buthemeantnoharm・
A.havetoldB・tellC・betellingD・havingtold
14.一Ifhe,hethatfood・
—Luckilyhewassenttothehospitalimmediately.
A.waswarned;wouldnottakeB.hadbeenwarned;wouldnothave
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