铲车岗位操作手册.docx
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铲车岗位操作手册.docx
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铲车岗位操作手册
铲车岗位操作手册
混凝土
车队司机岗亭操作手册
编制:
王义明
审批:
赵永梅
批准:
张明
文件编号:
MXSN-SN-ZK-01
一、司机岗亭职责·····················································4
二、适应范畴························································4
三、岗亭功课规程·····················································4
四、装载机安稳功课操作规程···········································4
五、装载机应用中的留意事项···········································5
六、装载机功课方法···················································6
6.1铲假装业························································6
6.1.1功课预备····················································6
9.1.2功课过程····················································6
6.2铲装方法························································6
9.2.1一次铲装法··················································6
6.2.2合营铲装法··················································6
6.3装载机与运输车辆合营的功课筹划·································6
6.3.1、V型功课方法···············································6
6.3.2、I型功课方法···············································7
6.3.3、L型功课方法···············································7
6.3.4、T型功课方法···············································7
6.4搬运工作························································7
6.5推运功课························································7
6.6整地功课························································7
6.6.1撒土功课···················································7
6.6.2粗平坦·····················································7
6.6.3精平坦·····················································7
6.7挖掘功课·····················································7
6.7.1铲进功课···················································7
6.7.2挖土功课···················································7
6.8牵引功课························································8
七、装载机的泊车·························································8
八、卫生环保职责·························································8
九、装载机的按期保养和润滑···············································8
9.1日常检查保养······················································8
9.1.1每班启动发念头前应检查的部位··································8
9.1.2每班启动发念头后应检查的部位··································9
9.1.3功课运行中的检查··············································9
9.2按期爱护保养······················································9
9.2.1每50工作小时的维·············································9
9.2.2每100工作小时的爱护··········································9
9.2.3每250工作小时的爱护··········································9
9.2.4每500工作小时的爱护··········································9
9.2.5每1000工作小时的爱护·········································10
9.2.6每2000工作小时的爱护·········································10
十、装载机的常见故障及清除···············································11
10.1传动体系·························································11
㈠各档变速压力均低·················································11
㈡某个档变速压力底·················································11
㈢变矩器油温过高···················································11
㈣发念头高转速车开不动·············································11
㈤驱动力不足·······················································11
㈥变速箱油位增高···················································11
10.2制动体系························································11
㈠脚制动力不足····················································11
㈡刹车后挂不上档(变速压力表不指导)·······························12
㈢泊车制动器不克不及正常松开··········································12
㈣听车后空气罐压力灵敏降低(30分钟气压降低跨过0.1MPa)············12
㈤刹车气压表压力上升迟缓··········································12
㈥紧急及泊车制动力不足············································12
10.3工作液压体系····················································12
㈠动臂晋升力不足或转斗晋升力不足··································12
㈡发念头高转速时,转斗或动臂晋升迟缓······························12
10.4转向液压体系····················································12
㈠转向辛劳························································12
㈡车子转向不安稳··················································13
㈢车子阁下转向都慢················································13
㈣车子一边转向快一边转向慢········································13
㈤迁移转变偏向盘车子不转向············································13
㈥司机不操作车子自传··············································13
㈦司机不操作偏向盘自传············································13
㈧车子高速运转时转向太快··········································13
㈨转向泵噪音大年夜,转向缸动作迟缓···································13
10.5电气体系·························································13
㈠发电机不发电或发出电压低·········································13
㈡发电机过热·······················································13
㈢蓄电池不充电或充电电流过小······································14
㈣蓄电池充电电流长时刻过大年夜········································14
㈤电传感外表无指导················································14
㈥发念头无法启动或启动困难········································14
㈦发电机不熄火····················································14
㈧灯具不亮························································14
㈨外表指导至最大年夜量程··············································14
十一、成本质量操纵····················································15
11.1装载机节油的治理················································15
11.3车辆加油治理···················································15
11.4开展修旧利废活动················································15
11.5实施定人定车治理················································15
一、司机岗亭职责
1.1熟悉车辆工作道理、机械常识,交通规矩。
1.2自发遵守交通律例和安稳操作规程,严格履行车辆日常保养轨制。
1.3驾驶所属车辆完成临盆义务。
负责各条临盆线上料、堆场均化平坦、物料倒运等工作。
1.4服从中控值班主任的同一调动,包管各临盆岗亭上的正常运行;除水泥事业部中控室和车队长以外,其他任何人没有权力随便调车。
1.5每位司机严格履行定人定车轨制,不准乱花他人车辆。
对所属车辆经常要主动进行爱护、保养。
1.6对产生故障的车辆应及时向车队申报,小故障本身负责清除,大年夜故障应提出修理筹划并合营补缀工实施修理。
1.7卖力完成值班长与车队长零时安排的工作义务。
1.8卖力进修岗亭常识,尽力进步技巧程度,加强办事质量。
二、有用范畴
有用于蒙西混凝土车队司机。
三、岗亭功课规程
3.1上班必须在45分钟前到中控值班主任室签到,正点后必须达到现场。
3.2司机上料时,必须按值班主任的规定和比例上料;并与上料工合营完成上料义务;无故不得上错或耽搁上料。
3.3自发干好工作范畴内的活,不得有意迁延工作时刻或出工不出力。
3.4司机在交代班时,各岗亭料仓必须上满,堆场必须平坦好;熟料库必须倒空;并同时向下一班司机交卸上料情形和临盆法度榜样。
3.5值班车辆的活动范畴为水泥事业部临盆线,加油、补缀或其余工作要分开功课现场,必须向值班主任、班长告假。
3.6每班值班车辆要为下一班司机加好燃油,包管临盆正常运行。
3.7车辆在补缀时代,司机必须一人在场负责配件的领用,并监督车辆的修理质量。
四、装载机安稳功课操作规程
4.1所有本部分岗亭工必须经由岗前三级(质技部、水泥事业部、工段)安稳、消防培训并经测验合格后方可上岗;
4.2装载机驾驶员必须经由专业操作培训,熟悉装载机的构造、机能及工作道理,经测验合格后,持证方可操作装载机。
4.3车辆在厂区内行走时,最高时速不得跨过每小时10公里;不得超速行驶欺行强暴;对其它车辆要互相避让安稳经由过程。
4.4车辆在运行时,除装载机驾驶室内动臂与前车架之间,铲斗、机盖及其它任何部位一律不准乘坐人。
4.5严禁酒后上岗,或将车辆交于非驾驶员驾驶。
4.6车辆在功课现场必须要留意该现场其它工作人员的安稳,设备的安稳,进步撤退撤退时必定要环顾四周有无车辆行人经由过程;并和所装卸车辆保持必定的安稳距离。
4.5司机在各岗亭上必定要和放料工合营好,上料时要鸣喇叭并下车查看篦子上是否有人,确认无人方可上料。
4.6所有司机必须时刻留意安稳意识,在履行各类工作义务时,该义务存在有不安稳身分的司机有权谢毫不干并向上级反应。
4.7车辆应用时,司机必须卖力检查各油位和冷却水及各机械连接部件的情形;经常检查并紧固各类螺丝螺母;防止车辆的早期磨损和破坏;把变乱处理在萌芽状况。
4.8装载机行驶时,铲斗应保持在运输地位,即斗底与地面相距约400mm。
应幸免急加快、急转弯、急刹车和锯齿形行车等,以包管装载机能稳固行驶。
4.9装载机鄙人坡时,严禁封闭发念头脱档滑行。
不然,将会导致液压转向掉灵,造成重大年夜行车变乱。
4.10装载机在进行装卸物料时,严禁在物料偏向一侧或铲斗举至最高地位时运输物料,以确保稳固,包管装载机安稳行驶。
4.11装载机取货前,车体前后应成直线,对正并接近货堆,同时将铲斗平行接触地面,然落后行取货。
4.12取货时要依照物料的阻力,选用恰当的档位和速度,铲斗插入货堆后,晋升动臂,同时把铲斗向后收,车体连续进步。
4.13装载机功课时应遵守以下“六不准”:
①不准用高速档取货;
②不准边转向边取货;
③不准升高铲斗行驶;
④不准在斜坡路面上横向行驶;
⑤不准铲斗侧重行驶;
⑤不准在升起的铲斗下面站人或进行检修。
五、装载机应用中的留意事项
6.1进行出车前的检查工作,确认各部位正常后,检查各把持手柄是否置于中心,若停机放置的时刻较长,应先用手油泵向燃油体系中注燃油,并旋松喷油泵上的放气螺钉,以排空燃油体系中的气体。
起动时,打开钥匙开关,接通总电源,按下起动钥匙扭转即可起动。
若初次起动掉败,须等待2~5钟后再作第二次起动,如三次不克不及起动时,应停止起动,找出缘故,清除故障后再行起动。
每次起动时刻不得跨过12秒。
6.2发念头起动后,应在600~750r/min的转速下进行暖机,并紧密留意各外表的读数,专门是柴油机机油压力表的读数,其数值应大年夜于0.05MPa。
当气压表的读数大年夜于0.44MPa后,方可出车。
6.3发念头起动后,检查装载机各部位是否正常,将动臂晋升至运输地位;松开手制动,踩下制动踏板,轻轻把持变速把持杆,将把持杆挂在选定的档位;松开脚制动踏板,迟缓踩下油门踏板,使装载机逐步加快。
待水温达到75℃后,才能全负荷功课。
6.4装载机在同偏向行驶时换挡不必泊车,也不必踩制动踏板;但若改变行驶偏向,则必定要在泊车后换挡。
6.5装载机在坡道上行驶或功课时,选择阀应置于不割断地位(有用于有选择阀的装载机),因制动时变速箱仍有动力输出,一旦制动解除能灵敏起步,以包管装载机运行安稳;不然,若选择阀置于割断地位,踩下制动踏板,变速箱的油路被割断,从而使变速箱无动力输出,装载机泊车后再次起步就会显现溜坡和不稳固的现象。
6.6在把持转斗油缸把持杆时,当转斗置于合适地位,松开把持手柄,把持杆可主动回位;但当把持动臂油缸把持杆时,当动臂举升(或降低)到所需地位后,应将把持杆置于中心,因动臂把持杆没有主动回位的功能。
6.7装载机在功课过程中,发念头的水温不得跨过95℃,变矩器的油温不得跨过115℃。
若因为长时刻重载功课,油、水温跨过许可值时应泊车冷却。
6.8若装载机在运行中发念头突然熄火,应急速踩下制动踏板,是以时转向油泵已停止工作,故不克不及迁移转变转向机实施转向。
6.9在行驶中严禁高速行车!
高速行驶会对安稳造成威逼。
装载机下坡行驶时,应轻踩制动踏板,并保持发念头在运行状况。
严禁关机溜坡!
6.10关于装载机的各零部件应按规定进行按期的保养和润滑。
6.11装载机变速箱—变矩器中应用的液力传动油、液压体系中应用的液压油必须洁净并相符规定要求。
六、装载机功课方法
6.1铲假装业
6.1.1功课预备
清理功课场地,填平凹坑,铲除尖石等易于破坏装载机轮胎和阻碍装载机功课的障碍物。
铲假装业时,行驶速度应降至4km/h以下。
6.1.2功课过程
装载机的功课轮回包含以下四个过程:
①装载机以一档驶向料堆,在距料堆约1~1.5m处,放下动臂、迁移转变铲斗,使铲斗刀刃接地,铲斗斗底与地平面成3°~7°的夹角,然后低速插入料堆。
②装载机以全力插入料堆,并间断地把持铲斗迁移转变和动臂上升,直至装满铲斗,然后把铲斗上翻、将动臂晋升至运输地位。
③装载机装满撤退撤退,驶向卸料点或运输车辆,同时晋升动臂至卸载高度将物料卸下。
若物料粘积在铲斗上,可往返搬动转斗把持手柄,撞击撞块,使粘积在铲斗上的物料弹振脱落。
④空车退回,同时将动臂降低至运输地位,装载机返回至装料堆进行下一个工作轮回。
6.2铲装方法
不合的铲装方法对功课阻力和铲斗的装满程度有专门大年夜阻碍,工作时应依照铲装的物料种类(容重、粒度大年夜小等)、料堆高度等选用不合的铲装方法。
6.2.1一次铲装法
一次铲装法,装载机直线进步,铲斗刀刃插入料堆,直至铲斗后臂与料堆接触,装载机停止进步,铲斗转至装满地位,然后晋升动臂至运输高度(铲斗下铰点离地面高度约400mm阁下)。
一次铲装法是最简单的铲假装业方法。
对驾驶员操作程度要求不高。
但其功课阻力大年夜,须要把铲斗插入料堆专门深,因而常要求装载机有比较大年夜的插入力,同时须要专门大年夜的功率来克服铲斗上翻时的阻力。
用来铲装松散物料,如煤、砂、焦炭等。
6.2.2合营铲装法
装载机在进步的同时,合营以转斗或动臂晋升的动作进行铲假装业。
它可又细分为两种方法:
a.当铲斗插入料堆不大年夜的深度(约为0.2~0.5斗深)时,在装载机进步的同时,间断地操作铲斗上翻,并合营动臂晋升,直至装满铲斗。
b.装载机在进步的同时,合营以动臂晋升,在斗刃分开料堆后,铲斗转至运输状况。
此方法又称为“挖掘机”铲装法。
采取合营铲装方法,铲斗不须要插入专门深,专门是采取前一种合营铲装法,靠插入活动与铲斗迁移转变、晋升活动相合营,使插入阻力大年夜大年夜减小(其阻力一样为一次铲装法的1/2~1/3),同时铲斗也轻易装满,是一种比较有效的功课方法,但要求驾驶员具有较高的操作程度。
6.3装载机与运输车辆合营的功课筹划
装载机与运输车辆相合营的功课计整洁般有V型功课法、I型功课法、L型功课法和T型功课法。
6.3.1、V型功课方法
运输车辆与装载机驶向料堆的偏向成60°夹角停放,装载机在料堆装载后,倒车撤退撤退3~5m阁下,然后用转向油缸使铰接车架折腰35°阁下,再进步驶往运输车辆卸载。
这种筹划可包管获得起码的工作轮回时刻,功课效力较高。
6.3.2、I型功课方法
运输车辆平行于工作面合时地来去进步与撤退撤退,装载机则穿梭般地垂直于工作面直线进步与撤退撤退进行功课,因此这种功课方法也叫穿梭功课法。
I型功课方法省去了装载机的调车时刻,但增长了运输车辆进步与撤退撤退的次数,是以采取这种功课方法,装载机的功课轮回时刻,取决于装载机和其合营功课的运输车辆的驾驶的操作技巧闇练程度,并要求车队连续运输与之合营,才能取得较高的功课效力。
6.3.3、L型功课方法
运输车辆垂直于工作面,装载机铲装物料后,倒退并调转90°角;然后向前驶向运输车辆卸载,空载的装载机撤退撤退调转90°角,然后向前驶向料堆,进行下一次铲装。
这种功课方法在运距较小,而功课场合比较宽广时,装载机可同时与两台运输车辆合营工作。
6.3.4、T型功课方法
运输车辆平行于工作面,但距离工作面较远,装载机铲装物料后,倒退并调转90°角;然后再向相反偏向调转90°角驶向运输车辆卸料。
6.4搬运工作
在以下情形下,可采取装载机自行搬运:
6.4.1路面过软,未经平坦的场地,不克不及用载重汽车的。
6.4.2搬运距离在500m以内,用载重汽车白费时刻。
搬运的车速依照搬运距离和路面前提决定,为使搬运时平安稳固和具有优胜的视线,应上转铲斗到极限地位并保持动臂下铰点距地面400mm阁下。
6.5推运功课
假如将铲斗作为推土刮板时,能够进行填平功课。
现在铲斗内装满沙土,使其对地面保持程度状况,踩下油门踏板使铲斗向前推动,推动中发明阻碍装载机进步时,可稍稍晋升动臂连续进步,铲装动臂起落时,把持杆应放在浮动地位,弗成扳倒上升或降低任一固定地位,以包管推运功课的顺利进行。
6.6整地功课
应用铲斗斗尖和刀板可进行撒土、平地、打差不多等整地功课,
6.6.1撒土功课
用铲斗铲进砂土,装载机撤退撤退行驶,并使铲斗前倾10°~15°度角,将砂土平均播撒。
6.6.2粗平坦
使铲斗完全前倾,将铲斗的斗尖与地面接触,进行低速撤退撤退,平坦地盘。
6.6.3精平坦
将铲斗内装满砂土并与地面保持程度状况接地。
将动臂把持杆放在“浮动”的地位上,装载机
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