初中定语从句公开课导学案.docx
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初中定语从句公开课导学案.docx
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初中定语从句公开课导学案
•定语从句的理解:
定语概念:
划出下列定语
atallbuildingthebookonthedeskanythingimportantthegirlinred
女口果定语,便称为定语从句。
Iknowthegirl.Thegirlisinred.(两个简单句)宀Iknowthegirlwhoisinred.
(定语从句)被修饰的词是。
这个词就称为先行词。
其中连接两个句子的是,称为关系词。
关系词在从句中指代先行词,并在从句中充当一定
的成分,观察上句,关系词在从句中充当。
附:
关系词与先行词的关系:
关系词和先行词密切相关,因为关系词用来指代先行词,并且在从句中充当一定的成分。
定语从句中常
用的关系词有:
关系代词
关系代词在从句中可充当,或;
关系畐U词(表示时间)(表示地点)(表示原因)
关系副词在从句中充当状语。
结论:
关系词常有三个作用:
1、2、3、
一、将下列句子译成汉语。
•
1.Whothatknowshimwantstomakefriendswithhim?
2.Whatelsewasthereinmybrotherthatyoudidn'tlike?
3.Helivesintheroomwhosewindowfacestothesouth.
4.Helivesintheroom,thewindowofwhichfacestothesouth.
5.ThisisMr.JohnforwhosesonIbroughtabookyesterday.
6.ThisisMr.Johnforwhomlboughtabookyesterday.
7.Thisisthehourwhentheplaceisalwaysfullofwomenandchildren.
8.Andthereisonepointthatrdlikeyouradvice.
9.Winteristhetimeofyearthatthedaysareshortandnightsarelong.
10.Ihopeyouwillfindthisvalley,abeautifulplacewhereyoumayspendyourweekend.
11.Thisisthedoctorwhosavedtheboy'slife.
12.Themanwhoisrunningismyuncle.
13.IlikethemusicthatIcansingalongwith.
14.Thewomanwholivesnextdoorisateacher.
•按关系词种类学习
(一)关系代词引导的定语从句
关系代词一览表
关系词
所做成分
例句
练习一
1.Thisisthemanhelpedme.
2.Thedoctoryouarelookingforisintheroom..
5.Thebuildingstandsneartheriverisourschool.
6.Thisisthebookyouwant.
7.Theroominthereisamachineisaworkshop.
8.Thisistheboybrokethewindow.
9.TheletterIreceivedwasfrommyfather.
练习二
Whose的用法
3.DoyouknowthemannameisWangYu?
4.Doyouseethehousewindowsareallbroken?
1.I'vegotacathairisyellow
2..HeismyEnglishteacher.Hissonisourclassmate
练习三
1.Theboyswhofootballarefromthecountry.
A.areplayingBisplayingCplaysDtoplay
2.Atlast,themanhandedeverythinghehadstolentothepolice.
AwhichBwhatCthatDwho
3.ThisisthemostinterestingjourneyIhaveeverheardof.
A.whichBwhoCthatDwhom
4.Heisasingerwhohisownlyrics.
AwriteBwritesC.writingDtowrite
5.Thisistheboybrokemywindow.
A.whichBwhatCwhoDwhom
注:
that的用法
(1)只能用that而不用which作为定语从句的关系代词的情况
(a)在不定代词,如:
anything,nothing,all等作先行词时,只用that,不用which。
Isthereanythingthatyouwanttobuyintheshop
Finally,thethiefhandedeverythingthathehadstolentothepolice.
Allthatisneededisasupplyofoil.
(b)先行词有theonly,thevery,thelast,just
修饰时,只用thato
ThisistheverydictionarythatIwanttobuy.
这正是我想买的字典。
c)先行词为序数词、数词、形容词最高级时,只用
that,不能用which。
.
Hewasthefirstpersonthatpassedtheexam.
他是第一个通过考试的人。
ThisisthebestbookthatIhaveeverread.
这是我读过的最好的书。
(d)先行词既有人,又有物时。
IcanrememberwellthepersonsandsomepicturesthatIsawintheroom.
(e)主句的主语是疑问词who/which时
Whoisthegirlthatiscrying?
正在哭泣的那个女孩是谁?
Whothatbreakthewindowshouldbepunished.谁打碎了窗户都要受到惩罚.
(2)不用that的情况
(a)在引导非限定性定语从句时。
Thenecklace,whichyougavemeasapresent,waslostyesterday.
Tomcameback,whichmadeushappy.
(错)Thetree,thatisfourhundredyearsold,isveryfamoushere.
(b)介词后不能用。
Wedependonthelandfromwhichwegetourfood.
Wedependonthelandthat/whichwegetourfoodfrom.
当堂检测
一阅读下列句子,用who/that/which/whom填空。
1.Ihaveabrotherlikessoccer.
2.Tomdoesn'tlikemoviesaretoolongandtooscary.
3.Weprefergroupsplayloudandenergeticsongs.
4.Helikesfriendsoftenhelpeachother.
5.Ihaveafriendlikeslisteningtoclassicalmusic.
6.YesterdayEmilywaswearingthenewdressIgaveher.
7.Myparentsliveinahouseismorethan100yearsold.
8.TheboywithJohnspokeismybrother.
9.Kevinisreadingabookistoodifficultforhim.
10.Isthereanythingyouwanttobuyinthetown.
11.Allwecandoistostudyhard.
12.Thefirstonestandsupisalittleboy.
二选择填空
1.—WhoisthemanwastalkingtoourEnglishteacher?
—Oh!
It'
sMr.Baker,
ourmath
teacher.
A.
he
B.that
C.
whomD.which
2.I
hate
thepeople__
don't
helpotherswhentheyareintrouble
A.who
B.which
C.
they
D.
where
3.Theforeigner
visited
our
school
isfrom
Canada.
A.which
B.when
C.
who
D.
whom
4.GeorgeMallory
wasanEnglish
school
teacher_
lovedclimbing
A.whoB.
whomC.
he
D.which
.Theletter
___Ireceived
from
him
yesterday
isveryimportant.
A.who
B.where
C.what
D.that
—HehasgonebacktoQinghuaUniversity.
ofwhich
12.TheforeignervisitedourschoolisfromCanada.
A.whichB.whenC.whoD.whom
13.GeorgeMallorywasanEnglishschoolteacherlovedclimbing.
—Very
good.Ilike
clothes__
___makemefeelcomfortable.
A.
that
B.
what
C.
who
15
.Is
thereanything
_toyou?
A.
that
isbelonged
B.that
belongs
C.thatbelong
D.which
14.—Whatdoyouthink
oftheschooluniforms?
belongs
5.
Thisis
the
place___
I
haveevervisited.
A.
there
B.when
C.where
D.
which
6.
Nobodyknows
thereason__
shedidn
'tcome
tothemeeting.
A.that
B.which
C.why
D.when
7.
Themoon
is
aworld
_thereisnolife.
A.
that
B.which
C.where
D
.why
8.
Hehas
forgottenthe
day
he
arrived.
A.
when
B.
where
C.that
D.
which
9.
Hestill
remembersthe
dayshe
spent
with
yourfamily.
A.
when
B.
where
C.that
D.
on
which
10.
Mr.White,
car
had
beenstolen,
came
to
thepoliceman.
A.
who
B.
that
C.whose
D.
which
11.This
is
thehouse
___Iwanttobuy.
A.inwhich
B.that
C.whose
D.
where
12.
Thisis
thehouse_
_ourbeloved
Premier
Zhouoncelived
A.which
B.that
C.when
D.
where
13.
Hedidn
't
tellme
the
place
hewas
born.
D.where
A.that
B.which
C.when
andworked.
tion.
—HehasgonebacktoQinghuaUniversity.
A.whom
B.
who
C.whose
D.
which
17.Ihate
people
talkmuchbut
do
little.
A.whose
B.
whom
C.which
D.
who
18.Doyou
know
aboy_
_sisteris
a
nurse
ina
hospital?
A.who
B.
that
C.whom
D.
whose
19.Isthere
ashopnear
herewe
can
buy
vegetables
andfruits?
A.which
B.
when
C.who
D.
where
20.Thepark,
_wevisited
yesterday,
is
very
nice.
A.
whereB.whi
chC.
that
D.when
thereanything
I
can
doforyou?
A.what
B.
which
C.that
D.it
22.Thatis
the
reason_
hecameto
see
you
.A.when
B.that
C.which
D
.for
which
23.Someof
the
roadswere
flooded,
madeourjourney
moredifficult.
A.which
B.it
C.what
D.
that
24.Youarethe
onlyone
advice
he
might
listen
to.
A.who
B.that
C.
whose
D.
whatever
25.Theman
___coat
is
blackiswaitingatthe
gate.
A.who's
B.
whose
C.
that
D.
ofwhich
3.TheforeignervisitedourschoolisfromCanada.
A.whichB.whenC.whoD.whom
4.GeorgeMallorywasanEnglishschoolteacherlovedclimbing.
A.whoB.whomC.heD.which
(二)关系副词引导的定语从句
关系词
所做成分
例句
基本用法
关系副词起连接主句和从句的作用,又在从句中作状语,when,where和why分别表示时间,地点和
原因。
1.when
在从句中作时间状语。
常用onwhich,inwhich,atwhich,duringwhich等代替。
.Aprilthefirstistheday
whenpeoplemakefunofothers.
=Aprilthefirstisthedaypeoplemakefunofothers.
2.where
在从句中作地点状语。
常可由inwhich,onwhich,atwhich,onwhich等取代。
.Thisisthehouse
wherehelivedtwoyearsago.
=Thisisthehouse
helivedtwoyearsago.
3.why
why在定语从句中作原因状语。
可用forwhich代替。
why不可引导非限定性定语从句,此时可用for
which代替。
.Thisisthereason
whyhewentaway.
=Thisisthereason
hewentaway.
(二)关系副词常可用“介词+关系代词”的结构改写
这里的关系代词只限于which和whom例如
1IwillneverforgetthenightwhenImetyouforthefirsttime.
=IwillneverforgetthenightImetyouforthefirsttime.
2ThisisthehouseinwhichIlivedtwoyearsago.
=Thisisthehouse_Ilivedtwoyearsago.
3Wedon'tknowthereasonforwhichhesuddenlyfellill.
=Wedoritknowthereasonhesuddenlyfellill.
注意:
并不是所有的介词+关系代词的结构都可用关系副词替代。
.Iamveryimpressedbythewayinwhichheworks.
这里inwhich代表的是intheway,在句中作方式状语。
只有当介词+关系代词结构作表示时间、
地点和原因的状语时,才能相应地用when,where和why代替。
(三)如何判断是用关系代词还是关系副词
这本质上取决于关系代词和关系副词在定语从句中充当的成分。
前者充当主语、宾语、表语或定语,
后者充当状语。
试比较下面两组句子:
1Thisisthefactorythat/whichproducesradios.
Thisisthefactorywhereradiosareproduced.
第一句中划线部分在从句中作,故而应选用关系代词:
Thefactoryproducesradios.
而第二句中划线部分在从句中作故而应选用关系副词:
Radiosareproducedinthefactory.
2Doyourememberthedays(that)wespenttogether?
Doyourememberthedayswhenweworkedtogether?
第一句中关系代词在从句中作宾语:
Wespentthedaystogether.
四、判断关系代词与关系副词的方法:
1.用关系代词,还是关系副词完全取决于从句中的谓语动词。
及物动词后面没有宾语,就必须要求用关系代词;而不及物动词则要求用关系副词。
判断下列句子的对错
()ThisisthemountainvillagewhereIvisitedlastyear.
()IwillneverforgetthedayswhenIspentinthecountryside.
()Thisisthemountainvillage(which)Ivisitedlastyear.
()I'llneverforgetthedays(which)Ispentinthecountryside.
2.准确判断先行词在定语从句中的成分(主、谓、宾、定、状),也就能正确选择出关系代词/关系副词。
例1.Isthismuseum___youvisitedafewdaysage?
A.whereB.thatC.onwhichD.theone
例2.Isthisthemuseumtheexhibitionwasheld.
A.whereB.thatC.onwhichD.theone
三.使用定语从句需要注意的问题:
(1)关系代词在定语从句中作宾语时,关系代词常省去。
女口:
Theplay(which)IwatchedjustnowhadbeenontwiceonChannel
(2)当定语从句中含有介词,介词放在句末时,who,that,which可省略,但介词在关系代词前时,
只能用"介词+which/whom"结构。
如:
Thisisthehouse(that/which)welivedinlast
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