英语词汇学复习题.docx
- 文档编号:26061260
- 上传时间:2023-06-17
- 格式:DOCX
- 页数:27
- 大小:35.08KB
英语词汇学复习题.docx
《英语词汇学复习题.docx》由会员分享,可在线阅读,更多相关《英语词汇学复习题.docx(27页珍藏版)》请在冰豆网上搜索。
英语词汇学复习题
1.Whatisaword?
wordisaminimalfreeformofalanguagethathasagivensound,meaningandsyntacticfunction.
2.Inwhatwayarewordsrelatedtovocabulary?
Vocabularyreferstothesumtotalofallthewordsinalanguage.Inotherwords,vocabularyiscomposedofwordsandwordsmakeupvocabulary.Ifwecomparevocabularytoafamily,wordsarefamilymembers.
3.Illustratetherelationshipbetweensoundandmeaningwithexamples.
Soundisthephysicalaspectofawordandmeaningiswhatthesoundrefersto.Soundandmeaningarenotintrinsicallyrelatedandtheircollectionisarbitraryandconventional.Forexample,tree/tri:
/means树inEnglishbecausetheEnglish-speakingpeoplehaveagreedtodosojustasChinesepeopleuse/shù/(树)torefertothesamething.Thisexplainswhypeopleofdifferentlanguagesusedifferentsoundstoexpressthesameconcept.However,inthesamelanguages,thesamesoundcandenotedifferentmeanings,./rait/canmeanright,rite,andwrite.
4.Enumeratethecausesforthedifferencesbetweensoundandformofenglishwords
Therearegenerallyfourmajorcausesofthedifferencesbetweensoundandform.⑴TherearemorephonemesthanlettersinEnglish,sothereisnowaytouseonelettertorepresentonephoneme.⑵Thestabilizationofspellingbyprinting,whichbreaksthesynchronizedchangeofsoundandspelling.⑶Influenceoftheworkofscribes,whodeliberatelychangedthespellingofwordsand⑷borrowing,whichintroducesmanywordswhichareagainstEnglishrulesofpronunciationandspelling.
5.Giveexamplestoshowtheinfluenceofearlyscribesonenglishspelling
Earlyscribeschangedthespellingofmanywordswhilecopyingthingsforothersbecausetheoriginalspellingformsincursivewritingweredifficultforpeopletorecognize,suchassum,cum,wuman,munkandsoon.Later,theletteruwithverticallineswasreplacedwitho,resultinginthecurrentspellingformslikesome,come,woman,monk.Thechangedspellingformsaremoredistinguishabletoreaders.
6.Whatarethecharacteristicsofbasicwordstock
WordsofthebasicwordstockformthecommoncoreoftheEnglishlanguage.Theyarethewordsessentialtonativespeakers’dailycommunication.Suchwordsarecharacterizedbyallnationalcharacter,stability,polysemy,productivityandcollocability.
7.choosethestandardmeaningformfromthelistontherighttomatcheachoftheslangwordsontheleft
Atartloosewomanb.blokefellowpistold.swellgreate.chickencoward
F.bluefightg.smokypolicehfulldrunki.damewomanj.beavergirl
8.giventhemodernequivalentsforthefollowingarchaicwords
haply=perhapsalbeit=althoughmethinks=itseemstomeeke=alsobade=bid
smooth=truthmorn=morningtroth=pledgeere=beforequoth=saidhallowed=holybillow=wave/thesea
9.Explainneologismswithexamples
Neologismsrefertonewly-coinedwordsoroldwordswithnewmeanings.Forexample,euro(欧元),e-book(电子书),SARS(非典),netizen(网民),arenewly-coinedwords.Wordslikemouse(鼠标),web(网络),spaceshuttle(航天飞机)etc.areoldwordswhichhaveacquirednewmeanings.
10.Whatisthefundamentaldifferencebetweencontentandfunctionalwords
Bynotion,wordsfallintocontentwordsandfunctionalwords.Contentwordsincludenouns,verbs,adjectives,adverbsandnumerals,whichhaveclearnotions;whereasfunctionalwordsarevoidofnotionsbutaremainlyusedtoconnectcontentwordsintosentences.Contentwordsarenumerousandchangingallthetime,whilefunctionalwordsaresmallinnumberandstable.Butfunctionalwordshavemuchhigherfrequencyinusethancontentwords.
11.Howdoyouaccountfortheroleofnativewordsinenglishinrelationtoloanwords?
NativewordsformasmallportionoftheEnglishvocabulary,buttheymakeupthemainstreamofthebasicword-stockwhichbelongstothecommoncoreoftheEnglishlanguage.Comparedwithmostloan-words,nativewordsaremostlyessentialtonativespeakers’dailycommunicationandenjoyamuchhigherfrequencyinactualuse.
12.Categorizethefollowingborrowedwordsintodenizens,alienstranslationloansandsemanticloans
DenizensAliensTranslationloansSemanticloans
kettleconfrerechopsticksdream
diepropatriablackhumour
skirtparvenulongtimenosee
wallWunderkindtyphoon
husbandMikado
Keytochapter2
1.WhyshouldstudentsofenglishlexicologystudytheIn-Europeanlanguagefamily?
TheIndo-EuropeLanguageFamilyisoneofthemostimportantlanguagefamiliesintheworld.ItismadeupofthelanguagesofEurope,theNearEastandIndia.EnglishbelongstothisfamilyandtheothermembersoftheIndo-EuropeanLanguageFamilyhavedifferentdegreesofinfluenceonEnglishvocabulary.AknowledgeoftheIndo-EuropeanLanguageFamilywillhelpusunderstandEnglishwordsbetterandusethemmoreappropriately.
atreediagramtoshowthefamilyrelationsofthemodernlanguagegivenbelow
Indo-EuropeanLanguageFamily
Balto-Slavic
Lithuanian
Prussian
Polish
Slavenian
Russian
Bulgarian
Indo-Iranian
Hindi
Perian
Celtic
Breton
Scottish
Irish
Italic
Spanish
French
Italian
Portuguese
Roumanian
Hellenic
Greek
Germanic
English
Swedish
German
Icelangic
Danish
Dutch
3.Whatarethefundamentaldifferencesbetweenthevocabulariesofthe3periodsofdevelopment?
Doyouthinkwecandividethehistoricaldevelopmentinotherways?
Defendyourargument.
Thevocabulariesofthethreeperiodsdiffergreatlyfromoneanther.OldEnglishhas
(1)asmallvocabulary(50000—60000),
(2)asmallnumberofborrowingsfromLatinandScandinavianonlyand(3)thewordsfullofendings.MiddleEnglishhas
(1)acomparativelylargevocabulary,
(2)atremendousnumberofforeignwordsfromFrenchandLatinand(3)wordendingsleveled.ModernEnglishhas
(1)ahugeandheterogeneousvocabulary,
(2)tremendousborrowingsand(3)wordswithlostendings.
Yes,wecandividethedevelopmentsinotherways,forexample,OldEnglishperiodcanbecalledAnglo-Saxonperiod.AndMiddleEnglishmightstartfrom1066,thetimeofNormanConquest.Butindoingso,thelogicalcontinuationoftheethreephasesoftheoriginaldivisionislost.
4.whatcharacteristicsofenglishmaketheenglishlanguageheterogeneous?
itisreceptivityandadaptabilityoftheEnglishlanguagethatmakeitpossibleforEnglishtoborrowheavilyfromothermajor
languagesoftheworld,sothattheEnglishvocabularyeventuallyhasbecomeheterogeneous.
5.Accountforthepopularityofenglishinthepresentworldfromalinguisticperspective.
ThepopularityofEnglishliesinthefactthatEnglishisreadytoborrowfromotherlanguagesandtoadaptitselftonewsituationsandnewdevelopments,thatithasacceptedelementsfromallothermajorlanguagesandthatithassimplereflectionandarelativelyfixedwordorder.Allthesemakethelanguagecomparativelyeasytolearnandtouse.
6coursehumaneventsnecessarypeople
dissolvepoliticalconnectedassumepowers
separateequalstationnatureentitle
decentrespectopinionsrequiresdeclare
causesimpelseparation
Fromthewordspickedout,wecanseethatmostofthecontentwordsareeitherofGreekorLatinorigin.Whatweleftaremostlyfunctionalwords.ThisshowsthatGreekandLatinplayaveryimportantpartintheEnglishvocabulary.
7.Giveabriefaccountofthe4phasesofLatinborrowingwith2or3examplesforeachperiod.
Latinborrowingcanbedividedintofourphase:
(1)Pre-Anglo-Saxonperiod,
(2)OldEnglishperiod,(3)middleEnglishperiodand(4)ModernEnglishperiod.Borrowingsinthefirstperiodaremainlycommonwordssuchaswall,wine,kettleandsoon;Wordsborrowedinthesecondperiodaremainlyreligioustermssuchascandle,nun,church;thethirdperiodsawwordborrowedoftenviaFrenchsuchasfrustrate,history,infancyandsoonandintheforthperiodWordsborrowedfromLatinareusuallyabstractformaltermslikestatus,nucleus,minimum.
thedifferenceelementsthatmakeupthefollowinghybrids.
eventful[Latin+English]hydroplane[Greek+LatinFalsehood[Latin+English]pacifist[Latin+Greek]
Saxophone[German+Greek]heirloom[French+English]Josshouse[Portuguese+English]television[Greek+Latin]
thefollowingFrenchloanwordinto2groups,onebeingearlyborrowingsandtheotherlateones.
amateur(late)finace(late)Empire(late)peace(early)Courage(early)garage(late)Judgement(early)chair(early)
Chaise(late)grace(early)Servant(early)routine(late)Jealous(early)savate(late)Genre(late)gender(early)
Debut(late)morale(late)State(early)chez(late)Ballet(late)
10.CommentonJespersen'sremarkonScandinavianelementinenglish"AnenglishmancannotthriveorbeillordiewithoutScandinavianwords,theyaretothelanguagewhatbreadandeggsaretothedailyfare.
Jespersen’scommentrevealstheimportanceofScandinavianwordsinEnglish.Justaspeoplecannotlivewithoutbreadandeggs,soEnglishlanguagecannotoperateproperlywithoutScandinavianwords.
11.MatchtheItalianmusicaltermswiththeproperdefinitions
allegrof.轻快Altoi.女低音Andantej行板Crescendob.渐强Diminuendog.渐弱Fortee.强
Largod.缓慢Pianoh.轻Pianofortea.轻转慢Sopranoc.女高音
12.Lookupthesewordsinadictionarytodeterminethelanguagefromwhicheachhasbeenborrowed
cherub(Hebrew)chipmunk(AmericanIndian)Chocolate(Mexican)coolie(Hindi)Cotton(Arabic)jubilee(Greek)
Lasso(Spanish)loot(Hindi)Sabbath(Hebrew)shampoo(Hindi)Snorkel(German)ttamale(Mexican)
Tepee(American)tulip(Turkish)Voodoo(African)kibitz(German)Wok(Chinese)sauerbraten(German)
13.
- 配套讲稿:
如PPT文件的首页显示word图标,表示该PPT已包含配套word讲稿。双击word图标可打开word文档。
- 特殊限制:
部分文档作品中含有的国旗、国徽等图片,仅作为作品整体效果示例展示,禁止商用。设计者仅对作品中独创性部分享有著作权。
- 关 键 词:
- 英语 词汇学 复习题