大学英语考试复习资料大学六级模拟304.docx
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大学英语考试复习资料大学六级模拟304.docx
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大学英语考试复习资料大学六级模拟304
[大学英语考试复习资料]大学六级模拟304
大学六级模拟304
PartⅠWriting
Directions:
Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteacompositionbasedonthefollowinggraph.ThetitleisEnthusiasmforSports.Youshouldwritenolessthan150wordsandgiveyourreasonswhymanyTVviewersprefertowatchsportsprograms.Quoteasfewfiguresaspossibleinyourwritingandwriteneatlyandclearly.
问题:
1.
答案:
ENTHUSIASMFORSPORTS
Modernsportsarebecomingmorespectator-orientedthanparticipantoriented.JustthinkofmillionsandmillionsofpeoplewhospendcountlesshoursbeforeTVsetswatchingsportsofallsorts:
OlympicGames,WorldSeriesGamesandtheWorldCupSoccerGames.Accordingtoasurvey,sportshavethegreatestnumberofviewers(78%)amongvarioustelevisedevents.Whenanimportantfootballmatchistelevisedlive,thestreetsofabigcityareoftenleftdeserted.Evenifitmakesspectatorsdog-tiredthenextday,theycannottearthemselvesawayfromthescreen.Theyareeagertoknowforsurethefinalscores."True,thescoreswillbeavailableinthemorningpaper,"saysafootballfan,"butthat'snotthesamething:
what'sgoingonhere!
"
Apassionforsportstakespossessionofthousandsofpeoplewhogotostadiums,watchgamesonTVorlistentobroadcasts.Oneoftheprimarycausesperhapsisthatsportscanprovidealternativeoutletsforemotionsandalternativesourcesofsatisfaction.Modernscienceandtechnologyhasreducedmostofworkandlifetoaroutine.Thereisnovariety,norchallenge,norrisk.Everythingispredictableandcontrollable.Amongtheactivitiesthroughwhichpeopleseekreleasefromtheircolorlessexistenceorpent-upemotions,sportsofferthepurestformofescapeandhealthiestoutlet.Sportscanobliterateawarenessofeverydayreality,dischargethetensionsofadayatwork,satisfythestarvedneedforfreefantasyandaggressiveurge,andliftonetoamomentofintenseexcitementandexhilaration.
Enthusiasmforsportsalsoreflectsthepublic"feeling."Formostpeopleitrepresentsacommonbackground,asharedinterest.Ithasabindingpowerthattranscendssocialclassesandpoliticalviews.Strangersmaysharenothinginthewayofreligion,educationandpolitics,butthesharedinterestinsportsisstrongenoughforthemtogetalongandevenbecomefriends.Sportsgivepeopletheopportunitytobecomeapartofacommunity.Justbecauseofthenatureofsportitselfandofhumanbeings,sportscanalwaysinciteinthemapassionateenthusiasm.
PartⅡReadingComprehension(SkimmingandScanning)
Directions:
Inthispart,youwillhave15minutestogooverthepassagequicklyandanswerthequestionsonAnswerSheet1.
Forquestions1—4,mark
Y(forYES)ifthestatementagreeswiththeinformationgiven
inthepassage;
N(forNO)ifthestatementcontradictstheinformationgiven
inthepassage;
NG(forNOTGIVEN)iftheinformationisnotgiveninthepassage.
Forquestions5—10,completethesentenceswiththeinformationgiveninthepassage.
Isn'tItTimetoRighttheWrong?
—ByTomSeligson
Inthesummerof1944,PortChicago—aNavybase30milesnortheastofSanFrancisco—wasthesceneofadevastatingexplosion.Hundredsofliveswerelostinwhat'sconsideredthedeadliesthome-frontdisasterofthewar.MostofthedeadandinjuredwereAfrican-Americans,putinharm'swaybyasegregatedmilitarylittleconcernedfortheirsafety.Worse,racismlayattheheartofthedisasterandlaterofaneventthathasbeencalledoneofthebiggestmiscarriagesofjusticeinourhistory.
Atthetime,PortChicagowasthebusiestammunitiondepotontheWestCoast.Thesailorsworkedaroundtheclock,loadingbombs,depthchargesandtorpedoesontoshipsheadedforthePacifictheater.InthesegregatedU.S.Navy,thejobofloadingthedeadlyammunitionwasperformedonlybyblacksailors.
"Tofindyourselfloadingammunitionwasadisappointment,"recallsRobertRouth,anAfrican-AmericansailorfromMemphiswhowas19atthetime."Weallwantedtobeactuallyfighting.Butweknewthatwhatwedidwasessentialtothewar."
Essentialbutrisky."Loadingammunitionwasextremelydangerous,"explainsRobertL.Allen,authorofThePortChicagoMutinyandtheforemostauthorityontheevents."Thesailorsweregivennotrainingforit.Ontopofthat,itwascommonpracticefortheofficerstopitthemenagainsteachother,bettingtoseewhocouldloadtheirboatthefastest."
ACoastGuarddetailworkingattheportwarnedtheNavythattheseunsafeconditionscouldleadtoadisaster.TheNavyrefusedtochangeitsprocedures,andtheCoastGuardwithdrewitsmen.
TheNightCalmWasShattered
OntheeveningofJuly17,1944,twocargoshipsweretiedupatthepier.TheE.A.Bryanwasalmostfullyloadedwith4600tonsofclusterbombs,depthchargesand40millimetershells.TheQuinaltVictoryhadjustdocked.RobertRouthandfellowsailorPercyRobinson,18,fromChicago,wereintheirbarracks.At10:
19,thenightcalmwasshattered.
"Iwasinmybunkwhentheexplosionoccurred,"recallsRobinson."Iwaslookingoutthewindow,andallofasuddeneverythingturnedtosunlight.1jumpeduptoseewhatwashappening,andthenIfelttheconcussion.Iinstinctivelycoveredmyfacewithmyarms.Thenasecondexplosionliftedmeupandknockedmetothefloor."
RobertRouthalsoturnedtowardthewindowatthefirstexplosion."Itwasthegreatestfireworksyoueverwantedtosee,"herecalls.Italsowasthelastthingheeversaw."Withthesecondexplosion,glasswenteverywhere.Itwasacombinationoftheglassandtheconcussionthatdestroyedmyeyes."
Thesecondexplosionwassopowerfulthatseismographs(地震仪)atBerkeleyrecordeditasanearthquake.TheE.A.Bryanwasblownintotinypieces.TheQuinaltVictorywasrippedapart,andPortChicago'swoodenpierwascompletelydestroyed.Thehumancostwasevenworse.Everyoneonthepierandaboardthetwoshipswaskilled.Ofthe320fatalities,202wereblack.Andofthe390injured,233wereblack.
Asbadasitwas,though,thedisastermightnothavemadehistoryifitweren'tforwhatfollowed.
TheNavy'sInsult
ANavycourtofinquiryruledoutsabotage.Itheardtestimonyabouttheunsafeconditionsattheport,butitsfinalreportabsolvedthewhiteofficersofanyresponsibilityandblamedthetragedyon"roughhandling"oftheexplosivesbytheblacksailors.Thenthewhiteofficersweregranted30-dayleaves."Noneoftheblacksailorsweregrantedleaves,"saysRobinson,whosufferedlacerations(裂伤)tohisface,headandarms."Irequested30daysofleave,whichyou'reentitledtoifyou'rewounded.1wasturneddown."Instead,theyweregiventhegrimtaskofcollectingtheremainsoftheirfellowsailors."Youcanimaginethepsychologicalimpactthishad,"saysRouth."Mylossofsightwastraumatic,buteveryonehadtraumaticneeds,physicalormental.Andnohelpwasgiven."
TheSailorsTakeaStand
Instead,threeweeksaftertheexplosion,theblacksailorswereorderedbacktowork.Butthemenhadhadenough.Ofthe328orderedtoresumeloadingammunition,258refused.Routh'sblindnesshadendedhismilitaryService,butRobinson—justreleasedfromthehospitalwasamongthosewhobalked."Weallhadourreasonsfornotgoingbacktowork,"heexplains."Somewereafraidofanotherexplosion.Iwasangrythattheywouldn'tletmegohome."
All258blacksailorswerelockeduponabarge."Afewdayslater,wewereledoutandaddressedbytheadmiral,"recallsRobinson."Hetoldusthatifwedidn'tgobacktowork,wewouldbechargedwithmutiny(哗变).Andmutinyispunishablebydeathbyafiringsquad.Ibelievedhemeantit,soIwasoneof208menwhosteppedforward.Iwasputinprisonanyway.Iwaschargedwithdisobeyinganorder."The50sailorswhostillrefusedtogobacktoworkwere,infact,chargedwithmutiny.
MutinyCharged
Itwas'thelargestmass-mutinytrialinU.S.Navyhistory."Theirlawyerwasajuniorofficergoingupagainstseniorofficers,"explainsRobertL.Allen."Hetookthepositionthatthemenwereinshockandfear,andthatledtoaworkstoppage.Therewasnoconspiracytocommitmutiny.Thiswasnothingbutapeacefulsit-downstrike."ThetrialreceivedalotofattentionandwasfollowedcloselybyThurgoodMarshall,thefutureSupremeCourtjusticewhowasthenchiefcounselfortheNAACP(NationalAssociationfortheAdvancementofColoredPeople).
FullyawareoftheconditionsatPortChicagoandhowsegregation,unfairtreatmentanddiscriminatoryordershadcontributedtotheincident,Marshallnoted:
"Thisisnot50menontrialformutiny.ThisistheNavyontrialforitswholeviciouspolicytowardNegroes."
InjusticeContinued
Butafter32daysofhearings,thecourtdeliberatedonly80minutesbeforefindingallthesailorsguilty.Theyweresentencedto15yearsinprison.The208sailorswhohadinitiallyjoinedthemwereimprisonedfor90days,thengivensummarycourts-martialandbad-conductdischarges.
Theverdictscausedapublicuproarinblackcommunities.ThurgoodMarshallappealedthecasetothePentagon,andevenEleanorRooseveltbecameinvolved.ButtheNavyrefusedtoreconsidertheconvictions.Itwasn'tuntil1946,inthegeneraleuphoria(兴奋)overtheendofthewar,thatthePortChicagosailors—alongwithmanyotherimprisonedservicemen—weregrantedclemencyandreleased.
Ironically,frombehindbars,theaccusedhadhelpedtoachievesomeoftheirobjectives."Withalltheprotests,theNavyrealizedithadapublicrelationsproblem,"saysAllen."Theybroughtinwhitesailorstohelploadammunition.Thisbe
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