学年山西省运城市临猗县临晋中学高一下学期开学复课摸底考试英语试题.docx
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学年山西省运城市临猗县临晋中学高一下学期开学复课摸底考试英语试题.docx
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学年山西省运城市临猗县临晋中学高一下学期开学复课摸底考试英语试题
山西省运城市临猗县临晋中学2019-2020学年高一下学期开学复课摸底考试英语试题
一.阅读理解(每小题3分,共60分)
A
Palacesareknownfortheirbeautyandsplendor,buttheyofferlittleprotectionagainstattacks.Itiseasytodefendalargebuilding,butusuallythesebuildingsarenotdesignedwiththecomfortofakinginmind.Whenitcomestostructuresthatarebothbeautifulanddefensive,theEuropeancastleisabigsuccess.
CastleswereoriginallybuiltinEnglandbytheNormansin1066.Theybuilttowersandwallstosecurethelandtheyhadtaken.ThesecastlesprovidedtheNormanswithaquietandsafeplace.Theyalsoservedasbasesofoperationforattacks.Inthiswaycastlesservedbothdefensiveandoffensiveroles.Besides,castlesservedasofficesforgovernors.Thosethatweresociallybeneaththegovernorwouldcometoreportaffairsandexpresstheirrespect.Theywouldaddressproblems,handlebusiness,feast,andenjoyfestivitiesincastles.Socastlesservedassocialcentersaswell.
Thefirstcastleswerebuiltfromearthandwood,andtheywerelikelytosufferfromattacksbyfire.Thenwoodencastlesweregraduallyreplacedbystone,whichgreatlyincreasedthestrengthofthesetowersandwalls.However,attackerscouldthrowflamingobjectsintocastlesthroughthewindowsorburnthewoodendoors.Thisledtomovingthewindowsandentrancesofffromthegroundflooranduptothefirstfloortomakethemmoredifficulttoaccess.
DuringtheMiddleAges,attacksincreasedinregularity,socastledefenseswereupdated.Arrow-slitswereadded.Theyweresmallholesinthecastle,whichalloweddefenderstofirewithoutbeinghurt.Towerswerebuiltfromwhichdefenderscouldprovidefireonbothsides.Thetowerswereconnectedtothecastlebywoodenbridges,sothatifonetowerfell,therestofthecastlewasstilleasytodefend.Alotofringsofcastlewallswereconstructed,sothatevenifattackerswentpastonewall,theywouldbecaughtonakillinggroundbetweeninnerandouterwalls.Alloftheseincreasedthedefenseofcastles.
Theendofcastlescanbeattributedtogunpowder.Duringthe15thcentury,artillery,akindoflargeguns,becamepowerfulenoughtobreakthroughstonewalls.Thisgreatlymadetheroleofcastleslesseffective.Thoughcastlesnolongerservetheiroriginalpurposes,remainingcastlesreceivemillionsofvisitorseachyearwhowishtoexperiencethesituationsofancienttimes.
1.Whatwastheoriginalfunctionofcastlesaccordingtothepassage?
A.Theyservedastouristattractions.
B.Theywereimportantsocialcenters.
C.Theymarkedreligiousceremonies.
D.Theywerebuiltforuseinemergencies.
2.Thereasonwhywoodencastleswerereplacedbystonecastleswasthat .
A.stonecastlescostlessmoney
B.stonecastlesofferedbetterdefense
C.woodencastleswereuncomfortable
D.woodencastlestookalongtimetobuild
3.Whichofthefollowingshowedanimprovementincastledefenses?
A.Castlesweretotallyseparatedbystones.
B.Arrow-slitsweremadeinlargequantities.
C.Ringsofwallswerebuilttodefendthetowers.
D.Windowsandentrancesweremovedtothehigherfloor.
4.Whatisthebesttitleofthepassage?
A.FancyLiving:
LearningaboutCastles
B.Normans:
BringingCastlestoEngland
C.AHistoryofCastles:
TheRiseandFallofCastles
D.DefendingCastles:
TechnologiesUsedtoDefendCastles
B
KangarooIslandismorefamousforwhatithasn’tgotthanwhatithas.UnlikemainlandAustralia,rabbitsandfoxeswereneverintroduced,sothelocalwildlifehaslesscompetitionforsurvival.Anotherthingtheislanddoesn’thaveissomethingaScottishfriendoncecalled,“TheWayoftheIsland.”Thereisnosenseofbeingontheisland;inmanyplaces,youcanclimbtoahighpointandseenothingbutbushesinanydirection.
Thatcatchesmanyvisitorsoutwhentheyarrivewiththeideaofwalkingorcyclingaroundtheisland.It’sreallytoobigforthat.Thereislittleinthewayofpublictransport,andthemostpracticalwaystogetaroundaretosignupforanorganisedtourorhireacar.
Theisland’smainroad,thePlayfordHighway,headswestwardfromNepeanBayuntilitmeetstheWestEndHighwayinthemiddleofnowhere.TheWestEndHighwayheadssouth;thePlayfordHighwaycontinueswestwardasadirtroadtoCapeBorda,wherethereisalighthouse,afewformerlightkeepers’cottages,aNationalParkVisitorCentreandnothingelse.Muchoftheislandisfarmland;lambandbeeffromKangarooIslandareespeciallyprized.Fruitisalsoamajorexport,butthegrapesinthevineyards(葡萄园)areturnedintoveryacceptablewinefirst.
19NationalParksandConservationAreascoverover30%oftheisland’sarea,andthebiggestofthemliestothesouthwestoftheisland,wheretheFlindersChaseNationalParkcovers32,600hectaresofbushland.Entryisbypermitonly,whichweboughtattheparkentranceatRockyRiver.There,wewonderediftheparkauthoritieshadthewildlifetrained,becausewesawafamilyofkangaroosrightinthecarparkbytheparkoffice,buttheyonlyappearedafterwepaidtheentrancefee!
5.WhyisthewildlifeonKangarooIslandmorelikelytosurvive?
A.Becausetherearenorabbitsorfoxesontheisland.
B.Becauserabbitsandfoxesarelesscompetitivespecies.
C.Becausenobodylivesontheisland.
D.Becausetheislandisfamousforitsbushes.
6.Oneofthemostpracticalwaystogetaroundontheislandisto .
A.rentacarB.rideabike
C.takepublictransportD.signupforatravellesson
7.WhatcanyoufindatCapeBorda?
A.ThePlayfordHighway.B.TheWestEndHighway.
C.Afewvineyards.D.Someformerlightkeepers’cottages.
8.TheauthorandhisfamilysawafamilyofkangaroosattheFlindersChaseNationalParkafterthey .
A.talkedtotheparkauthoritiesB.paidtheentrancefee
C.wentintotheparkofficeD.arrivedatRockyRiver
C
Farmers,especiallyindevelopingcountries,areoftencriticized(批评)forcuttingdownforests.Butanewstudysuggeststhatmanyfarmersrecognizethevalueofkeepingtrees.
Researchersusingsatellitephotosfoundatleasttenpercentoftreescoveronmorethanonebillionhectaresoffarmland.Thatisalmosthalfthefarmlandintheworld.Earlierestimates(估计)weremuchlowerandincomplete.Theauthorsofthenewstudysayitmaystillunderestimatethetrueextent(程度)worldwide.
ThestudyfoundmosttreescoverinSouthAmerica.NextcomesAfricasouthoftheSahara,followedbySoutheastAsia.NorthAfricaandWestAsiahavetheleast.
Thestudyfoundthatclimateconditionsalonecouldnotexplainthenumberoftreescoversindifferentareas,norcouldthesizeofnearbypopulations,meaningpeopleandtreescanlivetogether.Thereareareaswithfewtreesbutalsofewpeople,andareaswithmanytreesandmanypeople.Thefindingssuggestthatthingslikelandrights,marketsorgovernmentpoliciescaninfluencetreeplantingandprotection.
DennisGarrity,whoheadstheWorldAgroforestryCenter,saysfarmersareactingontheirowntoprotectandplanttrees.Theproblem,hesays,isthatpolicymakersandplannershavebeenslowtorecognizethisandtosupportsuchefforts.
Thesatellitephotosmaynotshowwhatthefarmersareusingthetreesfor,butweallknowtreesoffernuts,fruit,woodandotherproducts.Theyalsohelppreventsoillossandprotectwatersupplies.Evenunderdrought(干旱)conditions,treescanoftenofferfoodandcanbeawaytoearnmoneyuntilthenextgrowingseason.
Sometreesactasnaturalfertilizers.Theytakenitrogen(氮气)outoftheairandputitinthesoil.ScientistsattheCentersaytheuseoffertilizertreescanreducetheneedforchemicalnitrogenbyuptothree-fourths.Treesalsocapturecarbondioxide,agasconnectedtoclimatechange.
9.Throughthestudy,theresearchersfoundthat .
A.therearemoretreesonfarmlandthanexpected
B.fewertreesarebeingcutindevelopingcountries
C.mostfarmersstilldon’trealizethevalueoftrees
D.treesplayakeyroleinpreventingclimatechange
10.Whichofthefollowinghastheleasttreecover?
A.SoutheastAsia.B.WestAsia.C.SouthAmerica.D.AfricasouthoftheSahara.
11.InDennisGarrity’sopinion, .
A.mostfarmerscareaboutnothingbuttheirowninterests
B.thereareusuallyfewpeoplelivinginareaswithfewtrees
C.governmentplaysasmallroleintreeplantingandprotection
D.governmentshouldsupportfarmersinplantingandprotectingtrees
12.WhatdoesParagraph6mainlytalkabout?
A.Howfarmersplanttrees.B.Whatproductstreescanbring.
C.Theimportanceoftreestofarmers.D.Theenvironmentalvalueoftreecover.
D
Twobillionchildreninthedevelopingworldcan’treceivegoodeducation—thekeytohumandevelopment.However,technologyoffersananswerwhichallowsthepoorindevelopingcountriestolearn.Itisatoolwhichholdstheabilitytochangethelivesofthepoor,asitprovidesameansoflearningandcommunicating.
Educationalprogramsmustbreakawayfromoldsystems.NewcompaniessuchasOneLaptopPerChild(OLPC),anorganizationfoundedbyMITProfessorNicholasNegropontehavebeenactiveinsolvingtheworld’seducationproblem.
TheInternethaschangedtheworld,allowingeducationalservicestohelpwiththeglobalfightagainstpoverty.KhanAcademyisonesuchservice.LikeOLPC,itisanorganizationfoundedbyHarvardBusinessSchoolgraduateSalmanKhanwiththetaskof“providingafree,world-classeducationforanyone,anywhere”.Theeducationofferedincludesalargenumberofmath-relatedtopics.
TheGMATPillReviewisanothercompanythattrainsMBAcandidates(应考人)worldwidetopreparefortheGMATexamonboththeQuantandVerbalsection.FoundedbyStanfordgraduateZekeLee,thecompanyoffers
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