高级语言学试题库.docx
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高级语言学试题库.docx
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高级语言学试题库
高级语言学
一、MultipleChoices:
Tickoffthebestanswer.
1.Thestudyoflanguagedevelopmentoveraperiodoftimeisgenerallytermedas_____linguistics.
A.appliedB.diachronicC.comparativeD.syncronic
2.Whichofthefollowingsoundsisavoicelessbilabialstop?
A.[p]B.[m]C.[b]D.[t]
3.____referstotheabstractlinguisticsystemsharedbyallthemembersofaspeechcommunity.
A.CompetenceB.LangueC.ParoleD.Performance
4.____isanapproachtolinguisticsinwhichmathematicaltechniquesandconceptsareapplied,oftenwiththeaidofacomputer.
A.computationallinguistics
B.psycholinguistics
C.generallinguistics
D.sociolinguistics
5.Thewords“make”and“bus”arecalled_________becausetheycanoccurunattached.
A.detivationalmorphemes
B.inflectionalmorphemes
C.boundmorphemes
D.freemorphemes
6.Thepairofwords“lend”and“borrow”are__________.
A.gradableantonymyB.converseantonymy
C.synonymsD.co-hyponyms
7.Thesemanticcomponentsoftheword“man”canbeexpressedas___.
A.+animate,+human,+male,+adult
B.+animate,+human,+male,-adult
C.+animate,+human,-male,-adult
D、+animate,+human,-male,+adult
8.Whatkindoffunctiondoesthesentence“Howdoyoudo?
”have?
A.DirectiveB.Phatic
C.InformativeD.Evocative
9.The_____functionreferstolanguageusedforestablishinganatmosphereormaintainingsocialcontactratherthanforexchanginginformationorideas.
A.performativeB.directive
C.informativeD.phatic
10.Thesemanticcomponentsoftheword“man”canbeexpressedas_________.
A.+animate,+human,+male,-adult
B.+animate,+human,-male,-adult
C.+animate,+human,+male,+adult
D.—animate,+human,-male,-adult
11.“Arosebyanyothernamewouldsmellassweet”.Thissentencemeansthatlanguagehasthefeatureof____.
A.arbitrarinessB.productivity
C.dualityD.displacement
12.Nouns,verbsandadjectivescanbeclassifiedas___________.
A.lexicalwordsB.grammaticalwords
C.functionwordsD.formwords
13.Whatisthemeaningrelationshipbetweenthetwowords“flower/tulip”?
A.HomographB.Homonymy
C.HyponymyD.Antonymy
14.Whatkindoffunctiondoesthesentence“Howdoyoudo?
”have?
A.DirectiveB.PhaticB.InformativeD.Declarative
15.WhichofthefollowingisnotlexicalchangeofEnglishwords?
A.compoundingB.assimilation
C.blendingD.abbreviation
16.Whatistheconstructionofthesentence“Theboysmiled”?
A.ExocentricB.Endocentric
C.CoordinateD.Subordinate
18.Theformationofnewwordsbycombingpartsoftwowordsorawordplusapartofanotheriscalled_____.
A.compoundingB.clipping
C.acronymyD.blending
17.Thebranchoflinguisticsthatstudiesmeaningoflanguageincontextiscalled____________
A.semanticsB.sociolinguistics
C.pragmaticsD.psycholinguistics
19.Thewordmeaninggiveninthedictionaryiscalled_____meaning.
A.affectiveB.connotative
C.collocativeD.denotative
20.Thereare___morphemesintheword“boyish”?
A.threeB.twoC.oneD.four
21.Therelationbetween“male”and“female”islabeledas_____.
A.gradabilityB.complementary
C.hyponymyD.homonymy
22.Whatisthecorrectsyllablestructureoftheword“sixth”?
A.VCCB.CVCC.CVCCCD.CVVC
23.Inthefollowingsounds,____isabilabialnasal.
A.[d]B.[l]C.[m]D.[w]
24.Theword“holiday”usedtomean“holyday”inreligiousEnglish,buttodayitmeans“adayforrest”regardlessofitsreligiousnature,sothemeaningis___.
A.broadenedB.narrowed
C.meaningshiftedD.classshifted
25.Themorpheme“moon”inthecommonword“moonwalk”isa(n)___.
A.boundmorphemeB.inflectionalmorpheme
C.freemorphemeD.derivationalmorpheme
26.Thestructuralapproachtotheanalysisoflanguagewasstartedby__________..
A.BloomfieldB.Saussure
C.ChomskyD.J.Searle
27.Thestudyofthelinguisticmeaningofwords,phrasesandsentencesiscalled_____.
D.pragmaticsB.semantics
C.linguisticsD.syntax
二.Fillintheblankswiththemostsuitablewords.Eachblankrepresentsoneword.
1.Ofallthespeechorgans,the___________isthemostflexible.
2.InproducingtheEnglishvowels,theairstreamcomingupfromthelungsmeetswithno_______inwhatsoevermanner.
3.Apersonwhostudieslinguisticsisusuallyreferredtoasa_________.
4.Alinguisticstudyis_________ifitdescribesandanalysesfactsobserved,itis_______ifittriestolaydownrulesfor“correct”behavior.
A.semanticsB.sociolinguistics
C.pragmaticsD.psycholinguistics
5.Notallthesoundsoccurinthesameenvironment.Whentwosoundsneveroccurinthesameenviromnent,theyaresaidtobeinthe____________distribution.
6._________morphemesareattachedtowords,buttheyneverchangetheirsyntacticcategory.
7.Thedescriptionofalanguageatsomepointintimeisa__________study.
8._________isahighbacklaxroundedvowel.
9.AccordingtoChomsky,________structureexplainsthemeaningofasentence.
三.True/falsestatements:
Decidewhetherthefollowingstatementsaretrue(T)orfalse(F).
1.TheEnglishphoneme/p/containsonlyvoicelessness,bilabiality,andplosiveness.
2.Tofindoutthedistinctivesounds,thecustomarypracticeistotrytofindminimalpairs.
3.Sentencestressdependsontherelativeimportanceoftheword.
4.Alabeledtreediagramisoftenemployedbygrammariansto
showsemanticrelationsbetweenandamongwordsandphrases..
5.[f]isadentalconsonant.
6.“Willbeleaving”isanendocentricconstruction.
7.Ofallthedesignfeaturesofthehumanlanguage,displacementisthemostimportant.
8.Thereare26consonantsinEnglish.
9.“MaryhasbeentoEurope”presupposes“Maryhasbeentoabroad”.
10.Articulatoryphoneticsisthestudyoftheproductionofspeechsounds.
11.Theword“ungentlemanliness”hasfivemorphemes
12.Themorpheme“nation”intheword“internationals”isbotharootandastem.
13.TheCPPrinciple,putforwardbyP.Grice,hasfourmaxims,forwritingaswellasspeaking.
14.Nouns,articles,conjunctionsadjectivesandaresaidtobelexicalwords,whileverbs,prepositions,adverbsandpronounsaregrammaticalwords.
15.Derivationshowstherelationbetweenstemsandaffixes.
16.Linguisticcompetenceisalanguageuser’sunderlyingknowledgeaboutthesystemofrules..
17.Phonologyisabranchoflinguisticswhichstudiesthesentencepatternsofalanguage.
18.Thedifferentmembersofaphoneme,soundswhicharephoneticallydifferentbutdonotmakeadifferentword,arephones.
19..Intonationmaybringpartofasentenceintoprominencebyplacingthenucleusonthesyllableconcerned.
四.ExplainthefollowingtermsinEnglish
1.phoneme
2.minimalpairs
3semantictrianglet
4.syntax
5.syntagmaticrelation
五.Answerthefollowingquestions.
1.WhatisthemainideaofJ.Austin‘stheory?
2.Discussthefourmaindesignfeaturesoflanguage.
3.Explainthethreemainsub-typesofantonymybyusingexamples.
4.Whatisthedifferencebetweenderivationalmorphemeandinflectionalmorpheme?
5.Sentencesarebelievedtobebothlinearlyandhierarchicallystructured.Treediagramsareoftenusedtoillustratesuchstructures.Drawatreediagramforthefollowingstatement:
Theangrymanagerfiredtwowaitersfromtherestaurant.
六.Essayquestions:
Therearefourstatementshere.ChooseTWOofthemandmakeananalysisorgiveanexplanationofthetwo.
1.Whatarethefeaturesofcollocates?
2.Languageishuman-specific.
3.Whatbenefitshavegainedfromyourstudyoflinguistics?
4.Languageisbasicallyarbitrary.
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