暖通方向建筑环境学名词解释Explanation of building environment for heating and ventilation.docx
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暖通方向建筑环境学名词解释Explanation of building environment for heating and ventilation.docx
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暖通方向建筑环境学名词解释Explanationofbuildingenvironmentforheatingandventilation
暖通方向建筑环境学名词解释(Explanationofbuildingenvironmentforheatingandventilation)
10.,40degreesnorthlatitude,theannualmonthlyhorizontalsurface,theSouthsurfaceandeast-westsurface,dailysolarradiationintensity.Forthehorizontalplane,theannualtotalirradiancereachedthemaximum,whilethesouthernverticalsurfacehadthelargesttotalirradianceinwinter.(FigureP14)
11.outdoorclimatefactorsofbuildingenvironment:
atmosphericpressure,wind,airtemperatureandhumidity,groundtemperature,effectiveskytemperature,precipitation,etc..
12.inthesamepositiononland,theatmosphericpressureinwinterishigherthanthatinsummer,buttherangeislessthan5%.
13.themeteorologicalobservatorygenerallyusesthewinddirectionandwindspeedmeasuredfromtheheightof10montheflatgroundasthelocalobservationdata.
14.,inordertovisuallyreflectthewinddirectionandwindspeedofaplace,itisusuallyexpressedbythelocalwindrosediagram.
15.Valleywinds:
duringtheday,thewindblowshighertemperaturesfromthevalleys;thenightwindsblowfromthelowerslopestothevalleys.
16.landwind:
thehotairrisesonthelandsurfaceduringtheday,andthecoldairoftheseaflowstotheland,andthecoldairnearthelandsurfaceflowstowardtheseaatnight.
17.:
theoutdoortemperatureisgenerallyhigh,theshadeof1.5mfromgroundairtemperature.
18.(short)airtemperatureisduetochangeofthesurfacetemperaturechange,orsurfacetemperaturechangesintheairtemperaturechange?
Thegasmoleculesintheatmospherearealmosttransparenttothesolarradiation,andthedirectwarmingofthesolarradiationisveryweakandcanonlyabsorbthelongwaveradiationontheground.Therefore,theexchangeofheatbetweenthegroundandtheairisthedirectcauseofthetemperatureriseandfall.
19.,thetemperatureinthewholeday,thehighesttemperaturegenerallyaround2intheafternoon,ratherthanthemiddaysunmaximumangleofthemoment,theminimumtemperatureappearsbeforeandaftersunrise,notatmidnight.Thisisduetowarmingorcoolingbetweentheairandthegroundduetoradiationheat,whichtakesawhile.
20.daydifference:
thedifferencebetweenthehighestandlowesttemperaturesinaday,usuallyusedtoindicatechangesintemperature.
The21.year:
ayearinthehottestmonthandaveragetemperatureofthecoldestmonthdifference.
22.frosteffect:
theaccumulationofcoldairinthedepressionscausesairtemperaturetobelowerthantheairtemperatureontheground.
23.effectiveskytemperatureisrelatednotonlytotemperature,butalsotoatmosphericmoisturecontent,cloudiness,andsurfacetemperature,roughlybetween230Kand285K.
24.(short)whyamleavessurfacesunnyweathertodeworfrost?
Evenduringclearsummermonths,theeffectiveskytemperaturemayreachbelow0degreescelsius.Themorecleartheweatheris,thelowertheeffectiveskytemperatureatnight.Asaresult,thesurfaceoftheoutdoorobjecttowardtheskywillradiateintotheskyatnight,sothattheuppersurfaceoftheleaveswillfreezeanddewinthemorning.
25.,15misgenerallyusedasaboundarylayerofaconstanttemperaturelayer.Thedepthoflessthan15miscalledshallowlayer,andlargerthan15miscalleddeeplayer.
26.bytheinfluenceofgeothermal,theaveragetemperatureofstratawillincreasebyabout1degreesper30matdepth.
27.thediurnalvariationtrendofrelativehumidityiscontrarytothediurnalvariationtrendoftemperature.(FigureP27)
28.precipitationintensity:
referstotheamountofprecipitationperunittime.
29.whatistheheatislandphenomenon?
Becausethecitygroundcover,heatingelement,andproducedalotoflifeandproductionofanthropogenicheatonthecitypopulationdensity,thetemperatureishigherthantheoutskirtsofdowntowncausedbytemperature,temperaturedistributionandtheurbanareasarenotthesame.Ifyoudrawanisothermalcurve,youwillseeaverysimilartemperatureprofilewiththecontouroftheisland.
30.heatislandintensityT:
minusthetemperaturedifferencebetweenthesamealtitudeandthesuburbsnearthesameheight.
31.partsofchillthefullwindowsunshinetimeofnotlessthan2hours,someareademandonthewintersolsticefullwindowsunshinetimeofnotlessthan1hours.(understood)
32.,sunshinespacingcoefficient:
thedistancebetweenthebuildingspacingandthefrontblockheightisd/h.Changchunneedsaround2.5.
The33.day:
"duetotheconstructionoftheocclusionandselfocclusion,someplacesarenotthephenomenonofsunshineduringtheday.
34.permanentshadow:
duetotheconstructionoftheocclusionandselfocclusion,
Insomeplaces,thereisnosunshineinthecourseoftheyear.
35.buildingthermaldesignZoning:
coldareas,coldareas,hotsummerandcoldwinterzone,hotsummerandwarmwinterzone,mildareas.(tableP37)
36.,thebuildingclimatezoningwillbedividedintosevennationallevel.
37.,whetherthroughtheheattransferthroughtheenclosurestructure,moisturetransmissionorindoorheatproductionandhumidity,itsformsofactionarebasicallyconvectiveheattransfer,heatconductionandradiationinthreeforms.
38.heatgain:
thetotalamountofheatenteringtheroomatanygivenmomentiscalledtheheatatthistime.Itconsistsoftwoparts:
sensibleheatandlatentheat.
39.(short)whyglasswillhavethegreenhouseeffect?
Glassisselectiveforradiationatdifferentwavelengths,thatis,ordinaryglassisnearlytransparenttovisibleandwavelengthnearinfraredlightbelow3m,butitcaneffectivelyblocklongwaveinfraredradiation.Therefore,whenthesunwasinordinaryglasswindow,themostvisibleandshortwaveinfraredwillbethroughtheglass,onlywillbelongwaveinfraredabsorptionandreflectionintheglass,butthispartoftheenergyinthesolarradiationaccountsforlittle.Glasscaneffectivelyblocklongwaveradiationfromindoortooutdoor,soithastemperatureeffect.
40.Low-Eglass:
metalswithlowinfraredemissivityandhighinfraredreflectivityaredepositedbyavacuumdepositiontechnique,whichisdepositedonacommonglasssurfacewithaverythincoatingofmetal,alsocalledLow-Eglass.
41.outdoorairtemperatureisequivalenttotheoutdoortemperature,fromtheoriginalTAIRincreasedtheequivalenttemperatureofsolarradiation.Formula:
tz=tair+aI/alphaout,withouttheeffectofsolarradiationatnight,andthebackgroundtemperatureoftheskyisfarlowerthantheairtemperature,sotheradiationheatfromthebuildingtotheskycannotbeignored.(smallcalculation)
42.becausetheenvelopethermalinertia,sobetweentheretainingstructureoftheheattransferandtemperaturefluctuationsanddisturbanceattenuationanddelayfluctuationsexistbetweenattenuationandhysteresisdependsonthestructureoftheheatstoragecapacity.Thegreaterthethermalcapacityoftheenclosure,thegreatertheheatstoragecapacity,thelongerthelagtimeandthegreaterattenuationofamplitude.
Twodifferenttypesof43.throughthebuildingenvelopeheatsensibleheatprocess:
heatconductionthroughthenontransparentenvelopeandthroughthelightretainingstructureofthesolarradiationheatgain.
The44.low-efilmorLow-Eglasscansignificantlyreducetheheattransfercoefficientoftheenclosurestructureoflighttransmission.TheprincipleisthattheLow-EfilmorLow-Eglasshaslowemissivityandhighreflectivityforlongwaveradiation.
45.standardsolarheat:
oftenwithcertaintypesandthicknessofglassasastandardtransmittancematerial,takeitintheabsenceofshelterunderthesunheat,withthesymbolSSGsaid,theunitisW/m2.
46.inChina,theUnitedStatesandJapanareusedasastandard3mmthickglasstransparentmaterial.
47.,shadingcoefficientCn:
aftersettingupthesunshadingfacilities,thetransmittanceoftheenclosurestructure,theheatgainofthesunandthesolarradiationheatratiowhenthesunshadingfacilitiesarenotinstalled.
48.:
Csistheratioofsunshadingcoefficientofsolarradiationbysomesunglassortransparentmaterialandheatthroughthethicknessof3mmthickstandardglassheatSSG.
49.ifanysectionofretainingstructureonwatervaporpressureisgreaterthanthesectiontemperaturecorrespondingtothesaturationwatervaporpressure,thissectionwillhavewatervaporcondensation,ifthesectiontemperatureisbelowzero,therewillbefreezingphenomenon.Allthesephenomenawillleadtotheincreaseoftheheattransfercoefficientoftheenclosurestructure,increasetheheattransferoftheenclosurestructureandacceleratethedamageoftheenclosurestructure.Tothisend,themaintenanceofthewetstateofthestructureshouldalsoberequired.Ifnecessary,asteambarrierorotherstructuralmeasuresshallbeinstalledintheenclosuretoavoidwatervaporcondensationorfreezingintheenclosurestructure.(Iknow)
50.airchangemethodforairpermeability:
La=nV,typeN-Ventilationtimes,sub/h;V-roomvolume,m3.
51.coldload:
theamountofheatthatisremovedfromtheroomduringunittimewhilemaintainingtheconstanttemperatureandhumidityparameteroftheindoorair,
Itincludestwoparts:
sensibleheatandlatentheat.
52.heatload:
tomaintainindoorairheatandhumidityparametersforaconstantvalue,inunittimeneedtoaddheattotheroom,includingsensibleheatloadandlatentheatloadtwoparts.
53.,therelationshipbetweenloadandheat:
inmostcases,thecoldloadisrelatedtotheheatgain,butnotequaltotheheat.Iftheheatsourcehasonlyconvectionhea
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