常用it作形式主语的句型结构.docx
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常用it作形式主语的句型结构.docx
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常用it作形式主语的句型结构
常用it作形式主语的句型结构
◊It+be+形容词+that-从句
可用于此句型的形容词有:
wonderful,true,good,right,wrong,(un)important,useless,surprising,clear,unusual,lucky,certain,necessary等。
女口:
1Itisquitecertainthathewillbeatthemeeting.
2Itissurprisingthathecamelatetoschoolthismorning.
3Itisimportantthatwe(should)studyhard
注意:
该句型中的形容词是(un)important,necessary等时,从句应为(should)+动词原形。
◊It+be+-ed分词+that-从句
适用该句型的过去分词主要有:
said,reported,announced,hoped,thought,told,believed,expected,decided,suggested,known等。
如:
1Itishopedthatonedaytheywillhaveenoughanimalstosetthemfree
2Itiswellknownthattheearthgoesaroundthesun.
3Itissuggestedthatthesportsmeeting(should)beputoffuntilnextweek.
注意:
该句型的过去分词是suggested时,从句应为(should)+动词原形。
◊It+be+名词+that-从句
适用该句型的名词(词组)有:
apity,anhonor,agoodthing,afact,asurprise,goodnews,one'sduty等。
如:
①Itisapity(that)youmissedthesportsmeetinglastweek.
②ItisafactthatEnglishisbeingacceptedasaninternationallanguage.
◊It+seem/appear/happen的适当形式+that从句。
该句型常可以转换成含不定式的简单句。
如:
1Itseemsthatthereisabigwastepipecomingdownfromthetown.
tThereseemstobeabigwastepipecomingdownfromthetown.
2Heappearedtobecalm,butinsidehisheartwasbeatingwildlywithfear.
tItappearedthathewascalm,butinsidehisheartwasbeatingwildlywithfear.
◊Itdoesn'tmatter(It'nowonder;Itdoesn'makemuchdifferenee等)
+when/where/which/whether等从句。
如:
1Doesitmatterifhecan'tfinishthejobontime?
2Theyareallclassmates.Itisnowonder
theyshouldhelpeachotherwiththeirstudies.
◊It+be+adj./n.(forsb./ofsb.)+todosth.该句型中的形容词通常是表示事物的特点或特征的如difficult,hard,easy,impossible,necessary,important等,此时用for;或表示人的性格特征或特点的如nice,good,bad,kind,silly,foolish,wise,clever,careless,rude,brave,cruel,careful,grateful等,这时要用of。
如:
①Itisfoolishofyoutogiveupsuchagoodchance.
②Itisnecessaryforcollegestudentstomasteratleastaforeignlanguage
It作形式主语常见句型
动词不定式,动名词或主语从句作主语时,通常把它们放在谓语动词前,而用it作形式主语,放到句首,常见句型有:
1.It+be+形容词+主语从句,如:
ItisuncertainwhetherhecancometoJen'nysbirthdaypartyornot.
2.It+be+名词词组+主语从句,这类名词有:
afact,apity,ashame,anhono,ur
aquestion等,如:
It'sapitythatyoumissedtheexcitingfootballmatch.
Itremainsaquestionwhetherhewillcomeornot.
3.It+be+过去分词+主语从句,这类过去分词有:
announced,believed,
expected,hoped,decided,reported,said,sho等n如:
Itisreportedthat16peoplewerekilledintheearthquake.
Itisnotdecidedwhowillgivetheoperationtothepatient.
4.It+不及物动词(seem,即pear,happe等)+主语从句,这类不及物动词有:
appear,happen,seei等,如:
Itseemedthathedidn'ttellthetruth.
IthappenedthatIwasoutwhenhecalled.
5.It+be+形容词+forsb.)+动词不定式
这类句型常用形容词easy,difficult,hard,important,possibl,wise等作表语,有时
候为了强调不定式动作的执行者,常在不定式前加forsb,如:
It'snecessaryfortheyoungtomastertwoforeignlanguage.
Itisunwisetogivethechildrenwhatevertheywant.
这类形容词有:
easy,difficult,hard,important,possib,lewise
6.It+be+形容词+ofsb.+动词不定式,这类形容词常是表示心理品质,性格
特征的形容词,如:
kind,nicestupid,clever,foolish,polite,impolite,silly,selfish,considerate等。
某人和这些形容词可以构成主系表结构。
如:
It'sverykindofyoutohelpmewiththework.
=Youarekindtohelpme.
Itseemedselfishofhimnottosharehisdictionarywithothers.
=Heseemedselfishnottosharehisdictionarywithothers.
7.It+be+名词词组+动词不定式,如:
Itisnotagoodhabittostayuptoolate.
8.It+be+名词或形容词+动名词,这类名词和形容词常常是:
good,nogood,
nouse,awasteof,useless,sense等,女口:
It'sawasteoftimetalkingtoheranymore.
Itisnousearguingaboutthematterwithhim.
9.It+take(sb.)+时间(金钱)+动词不定式,如:
Ittooktheworkersalmostthreeyearstofinishbuildingthedam.
Itwilltakeawholedaytogettothetopofthemountainonfoot.
实战演练:
1.Itisgenerallyconsideredunwisetogiveachildheorshe
wants.(NMET1997)
A.howeverB.whateverC.
whicheverD.whenever
2.Infactisahardjobforthepolicetokeeporderinanimportant
footballmatch.(2001上海)
A.thisB.thatC.
thereD.it
3.isafactthatEnglishisbeingacceptedasaninternational
Ianguage.(NMET1995)
That
D.It
4.Is
necessarytotakeoffourshoeswhenweenterthelab?
A.There
B.This
C.
(MET88)
A.everyone
B.thisC.
her
D.it
5.willtakeyoualotoftimetofindhiminthecrowd.
A.It
B.IC.
We
D.They
6.Itisnousehis
there,thesituationishopelessnow.
A.togo
B.tobegoingC.goingD.havinggone
7.Itisnevertoolatetolearn,?
A.isit
B.isn'titC.doesitD.doesn'tit
8.isknowntoallthaShenzhouVILaunchedSuccessfully.
A.As
B.WhatC.ItD.That
9.isreportedinthenewspapetheEarthquakeineastChina'sJiangxiProvince
killed13people
ThatD.What
10.certainthathisinventionwillmakepeop'leslifeconvenient.
A.That'sB.ThisisC.It'sD.What's
11.thatthereisanotherfootballmatchontheairthisevening.
A.ItsaysB.ItwassaidC.ItissaidD.Whatwassaid
12.thattheirdaughtergotanopportunitytostudyabroad.
A.It'saexcitingnewsB.Thisisanexcitingnews
C.ThisisexitingnewsD.It'sexcitingnews参考答案:
1——5BDDDA6——10CACAC11——12CD
一、主语从句的概念与类型
主语从句在复合句中作主句的主语,引导主语从句的词有从属连词that,whether以及连接代词who,what,
which,whoever,whatever,whichever和连接副词when,where,why,how等.例女口:
Thatshewaschosenmadeusveryhapj她当选了使我们很高兴.
Whatcausedtheaccidentisacompletemyste是什么导致了这次事故还完全是一个谜.
Whethershewillcomeornotisstillaquestion她是否来还是一个问题.
Whichteamwillwinthematchisstillunknown.哪个队会赢得这场比赛还不知道.
Whentheywillstarthasnotbeendecidedyet他们何时出发还没决定.
注意:
上述例句中的主语从句都是放在句首,但有时为了使句子结构平衡,避免"头重脚轻",常用it作形式
主语,而把从句放在后面.例如:
Itisapitythatshehasmadesuchamistake.犯了这样一个错误,真是遗憾.
Itdependsontheclimatewhethertheyaregoingshoppingtoday.们是否今天去购物还得看天气情况.
这样就构成了下面一些常用句型:
1)Itis+adj./n.+从句
Itisapity/shamethat...遗憾的是
Itispossiblethat..很可能
Itisunlikelythat...不可能
2)It+不及物动词+从句
Itseems/appearsthat..似乎
Ithappenedthat..碰巧
3)It+be+过去分词+从句
Itissaidthat..据说
Itisknowntoallthat…众所周知
Itisreportedthat...据报道
Itisbelievedthat..据信;人们相信
Itissuggestedthat.有人建议
Itmustbepointedoutthat...必须指出
Itisbelievedthatatleastascoreofbuildingsweredamagedordestroye据信,至少有二十座楼房遭至U破坏或彻底毁掉.
Itissuggestedthatthemeetingshouldbeputoff有人建议会议延期召开
It'sreportedthatthreepeoplewerekilledintheaccidentandfivewerehurtbadly据报道,事故中三人丧生,五
人重伤.
ItisknowntoallthatTaiwanisaninseparablepartofChina众所周知,台湾是中国不可分割的一部分.
[巩固练习]
1.Doesmatterifhecan'tfinishthejobontime?
A.thisB.thatC.heD.it
2.Itworriedherabitherhairwasturninggrey.
A.whichB.thatC.ifD.for
3.isafactthatEnglishisbeingacceptedasaninternationallanguage.
A.ThereB.ThisC.ThatD.It
二、学习主语从句应该注意的几个问题
1)引导词that与what
what既有引导主语从句的作用,同时又在从句中作句子成分(主语、宾语、表语等).这时what相当于all
that/everythingthat...,常译成"所的(东西、事情、话等.)";而that只起连接作用,本身无实际意义,在从句中
也不担当任何句子成分但that引导的主语从句放在句首时,不能省略that.例如:
Whatisdonecan'tbeundone.谚(语)已成定局,无可挽回.
Whatwecan'tgetseemsbetterthanwhatwehav我们得不到的东西似乎比已得到的要好
Thatweshouldworkoutaplantodealwiththepresentserioussituationisimportant我们应该制定一项计戈Ll来应付目前严峻的形势,这一点非常重要.
Thatanewteacherwillcometoteachusgeographyistrue.位新老师将来教我们地理,这是真的.
[巩固练习]
4.whattheytoldmereallytrue?
A.HasB.IsC.DoesD.Have
5.Itmatterslittleamandies,butmattersmuchishelives.
A.how;what;howB.how;it;howC.why;it;whyD.that;what;that
6.shecouldn'tunderstandwasfewerandfewerstudentsshowedinterestinherlessons.
A.What;whyB.That;whatC.What;becauseD.Why;that
7.Itisprettywellunderstoodcontrolstheflowofcarbondioxideinandouttheatmospheretoday.
A.thatB.whenC.whatD.how
8.fashiondiffersfromcountrytocountrymayreflecttheculturaldifferencesfromoneaspect.
A.WhatB.ThatC.ThisD.Which
9.-Whatmadeherparentssoangry?
-shehadfailedintheexamination.
A.AsB.BecauseC.SinceD.That
2)引导词if和whether
if和whether引导动词后的宾语从句时一般可通用,但介词后的宾语从句、主语从句(放在句首时)、表语
从句常由whether引导.例如:
Whethershewillgohomeornotisunknown.她是否回家还不得而知.
=Itremainstobedecidedwhether/ifweshallraiseducksorgeese.
但我们不能说Ifweshallraiseducksorgeeseremainstobedecided.
[巩固练习]
10.we'llgocampingtomorrowdependsontheweather.
A.IfB.WhetherC.ThatD.Where
3)其它引导词
连接代词who,which,whom,whose有各自的意义,起连接作用,并在从句中充当语、宾语、表语、定语等
连接副词when,where,why,how等有各自的意义,起连接作用,并在从句中充当状语.
[巩固练习]
11.-Doyourememberhecame?
-Yes,Ido.Hecamebycar.
A.howB.whenC.thatD.if
12.Itwasamatterofwouldtaketheposition.
A.whoB.whoseC.whomD.whomever
13.-IdrovetoZhuhaifortheairshowlastweek.
-Isthatyouhadafewdaysoff?
A.whyB.whenC.whatD.where
14.Ireadaboutitinsomebookorother,doesitmatteritwas?
A.whereB.whatC.howD.which
三、语气
在Itisnecessary/natural/important/strange...+that-clause这类句型里,that所引导的主语从句中谓语动
词用"should+原形",表虚似语气例如:
Itisnecessarythattheproblemshouldbesettledatone这个问题必须马上解决
It'sstrangethatheshouldhavegoneawaywithouttellingu他竟然没向我们说一声就走了,真是奇怪.
[巩固练习]
15.Itisnecessarythatacollegestudentatleastaforeignlanguage.
A.mastersB.shouldmasterC.masteredD.willmaster
四、以it作形式主语的主语从句与强调句型的区别
"Itbe+adj./n.+that-clause"与强调句型均有Itbe...that..之类的语言标志,但不同的是:
①前者中的that从句是主语从句.若删掉其中的Itbe和that,则剩余部分不论结构还是语意都不能成为一个句子;但若将后者中
的Itbe和that去掉,则剩余部分的结构和语意仍能构成一个完整的句子.②强调句型译为汉语时可加上”正
是……"或"就是……"之类的字眼,而主语从句则不可以.请比较下面两个句子:
ItissurprisingthatMaryshouldhavewonf
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