跨文化交际常见问题.docx
- 文档编号:26007386
- 上传时间:2023-06-17
- 格式:DOCX
- 页数:9
- 大小:20.83KB
跨文化交际常见问题.docx
《跨文化交际常见问题.docx》由会员分享,可在线阅读,更多相关《跨文化交际常见问题.docx(9页珍藏版)》请在冰豆网上搜索。
跨文化交际常见问题
跨文化交际常见问题
1.Whatarethereasonswhichmightcontributetoanincreaseofinterculturalcontactsintheworld?
Nowadays,theincreasingtrendofinterculturalcontactscanbeascribedtofourmainfactors:
theadvancementoftechnology,immigration,economicglobalizationandtheemergenceofmulticulturalism.
A.Withthedevelopmentoftechnology,thetransportationsystemsandcommunicationsystemshavewitnessedgreatadvancement.Tripsoncetakingdaysarenowmeasuredinhours,makingitpossibleforpeopletogotoanywhereoftheworldinoneday,andthusspeedingupinterculturalcontact.Moreover,theadvancedcommunicationtechnologies,suchasInternet,mobilephonesandcableTVtransmissionequipment,havegivepeopleaccesstosharingandexchanginginformationandideasinstantaneously.
B.Changesinpopulationmigrationhavealsocontributedtothedevelopmentofincreasinginterculturalcontact.Pursuingabetterjoborendeavoringforabetterlife,peoplefromallovertheworldleavetheircountrywhilebringingtheirownculture,habits,languageandsoontotheother.
C.Economicglobalizationisanotherfactorforincreasinginterculturalcontacts.Withtheacceleratedtrendofeconomicglobalization,theworldwelivedinismoreandmoreinterdependentandinterrelated.Andeachcountry’seconomyistiedtotheeconomyofothercountries.Therefore,theinterculturalcontactsbetweenregions,countriesandcontinentsareinevitablyincreased.
D.Multiculturalismistheviewthatthevariousculturesinasocietymeritequalrespectandscholarlyinterest,describingthecoexistenceofmanyculturesinalocality,withoutanyoneculturedominatingtheregion.Therefore,withtheincreasingofthetrendsofmulticulturalism,thecommunicationsbetweenregionsandcultureswillinevitablystrengthenedandincreased.
2.Whatarecharacteristicofcommunicationandculturecommontoallhumanbeings?
Althoughcommunicationsaredifferentfromoneanotherintheirformsandnorms,allcommunicationsystemsaroundtheworldsharecertaincharacteristics.
A.Indirect:
onecharacteristicofcommunicationisthatpeoplecanonlyobtainmessagesfromother’swordsandbehaviorsinsteadofobtainingfromthemindofothers.
B.Interactive:
Communicationtakesplacebetweenatleasttwoindividuals,andeachoneinacommunicationprocesswillaffectorbeaffectedbytheother’swordsorbehaviors,andasaconsequence,he/shewillimmediatelymodifyoralterhis/herresponseseitherinwords,tones,gestures,andsoon.
C.Dynamic:
asallcommunicationprocessesandtheirconsequencesareaffectedbythespecifictime,place,occasionandthenumberofpeoplewiththeirparticularrules,values,customs,andsoon,thecommunicationcanbeperceivedasanongoingandever-changingactivity.
D.Self-reflective:
ashumanbeingshaveauniqueabilitytothinkaboutthemselves,towatchhowtheydefinetheworld,andtoreflectontheirpast,present,andfuture,allformsofcommunicationwillinevitablyinvolveandenhancethiskindofactivity,andthusendoweditselftheself-reflectivenature.
Cultures,likecommunication,varyaccordingtodifferenthistory,geography,religionandworldviews,buttheystillsharecertainfeatures.
A.Invisible:
aswerefertoacertainculture,weoftenmeantheworldviews,perceptions,values,attitudesandpreferencebeneathallthephenomenainthatculture,whichareallintangibleobjecttohumanbeings.
B.Learned:
cultureisnotaprocessionthatweinheritedfromoutparentsorforefathers,butisgraduallyacquiredafterbirthbytheinfluenceofthetraditionalpatternsandstandardsinthecommunityweliving.
C.Ethnocentric:
Eachculturehasitsreligion,mythandlegendswhichconvinceeverygenerationthattheyarespecial,powerfulandintelligentandarethuscapableofgreatachievements.Suchpridehelpstobindpeopleinasocietytogethertostriveforevergreateraccomplishments.
D.Integrated:
Cultureisacomplexandinclusivesysteminwhichallcomponents,suchasvalues,norms,perceptionsandrules,areinterrelated.Andanychangeinoneaspectoftheculturewillaffectmanyotheraspects.
3.Howarecultureandlanguagerelatedtoeachother?
A.Languageisaguidetosocialreality.Languagedoesnotmerelyservetoallowustodescribewhatweseeasreality,butlanguagealsoshapesthewayweseethisreality.
B.Languagecanrecordculture
Languagecanrecordthedevelopmentofasociety.Peoplecanlearncultureleftbehindbytheirancestorsthroughlanguage,andleavetheirculturetodescendantsthroughlanguage.Forexample,ifwewanttoknowtheChineseculture1000yearsago,wecanresearchtherecordsofthattime.Thereforethroughlanguage,civilizationpassesoverfromgenerationtogeneration.Thesocietywillthenmakeprogressstepbystep.
Infact,wecanknowotherculturesbyreadingbooks.Wedon'tneedtogotogoabroadtoknowaboutculturesofforeigncountries.Languagebringsusconveniencetolearndifferentcultures.
C.Cultureaffectslanguage
Fromthedefinitionofculture,weknowthatcultureincludesgeography,religion,tradition,custom,valueandsoon.Infact,cultureoftenaffectslanguagethroughthem.
Everynationlivesandworksinacertainnaturalenvironment,whichisreflectedbyitslanguage.Peoplefromdifferentregionsmayhavedifferentlanguages.Theyusedifferentwords,metaphorstoexpresstheirviewstowardstheirenvironment.
Nearlyeverynationhasitsreligion.Religionisanimportantpartinculture.Manydailyusedwordsarefromreligion.Forinstance:
Adam'sapple(喉结);myrib(我妻);Judas'skiss(背叛)。
Everyculturehasitsspecificfeatures,whichisreflectedthroughlanguage.Chinesepeoplefromsomeregionsareaccustomedtosleepona炕(aheatablebed).Theyeat冰糖葫芦(candiedhawsonastick).Whereaswesternersgotomoteleathamburger.
Peoplefromdifferentcultureshavedifferentvalues.Sometimes,thedifferencescausemisunderstandings.Peopleshouldpayattentiontothedifferentvaluesofdifferentcultures.
Culturebackgrounddeterminesaman'snativelanguage.Forexample,ifaChineseinfantisadoptedbyanAmericancouplewholiveinAmerican,heorshewillgrowupspeakingperfectEnglish.
4.Howdoestheperceptionofcommunicationduetoculturaldifferencesaffectinterculturalcommunication?
Culturestronglyinfluencesoursubjectiverealityandtherearedirectlinksamongculture,perception,andbehavior.Therearesomefactorsinculturalbelief,value,andpatternsthatmightinfluencebothperceptionandcommunication.
Firstly,beliefsystemsaresignificanttothestudyofinterculturalcommunication,becausetheyareatthecoreofourthoughtsandactions.Theyareourconvictioninthetruthofsomething.Theytellushowtheworldoperates.Beliefsystemsareimportantbecausetheyarelearnedandhencesubjecttoculturalinterpretationandculturaldiversity.Wemustbeabletorecognizethefactthatcultureshavedifferentrealitiesandbeliefsystems.Beliefsaresuchaninfluentialfactorininterculturalcommunicationbecausetheyaffectourconsciousandunconsciousminds,aswellasthemannerinwhichwecommunicate.
Secondly,oneofthemostimportantfunctionsofbeliefsystemisthattheyarethebasisofourvalue.Formally,avaluemaybedefinedasanenduringbeliefthataspecificmodeofconductofend-stateofexistenceispersonallyofsociallypreferabletoanother.Anawarenessofculturalvaluealsohelpsusunderstandourownbehavior.Thus,valueisanotherveryimportantfactortoaffectinterculturalcommunication.
Thirdly,culturalpatternscanaffectinterculturalcommunication;cultureisextremelycomplexandconsistsofnumerousinterrelatedculturalorientationsbesidesbeliefsandvalue.Culturalpatternsrefertoboththeconditionsthatcontributetothewayinwhichapersonperceivesandthinksabouttheworld,andthemannerinwhichtheyliveinthatworld.
Thesethreefactorsmakepeoplehavedifferentculture,andalsoaffectboththeperceptionandcommunication.
5.Howdoyouunderstandaboutglobalization?
Whatfactorsmayleadtothegrowthofglobalization?
Globalization:
Anoverview
Nowpeoplefromallovertheworldaremoreconnectedtoeachotherthaneverbefore.Informationandmoneyflowmorequicklythanever.Goodsandservicesproducedinonepartoftheworldareincreasinglyavailableinallpartsoftheworld.Internationaltravelismorefrequent.Internationalcommunicationiscommonplace.Thisphenomenoniscalled“globalization”.
Globalizationdescribesthepolitical,economic,andculturalatmosphereoftoday.
Whilesomepeoplethinkofglobalizationasprimarilyasynonymforglobalbusiness,itismuchmorethanthat.Thesameforcesthatallowbusinessestooperateasifnationalbordersdidnotexistalsoallowsocialactivists,labororganizers,journalists,academics,andmanyotherstoworkonaglobalstage.
Whilecomingupwithadefinitionisdifficult,anevengreaterchallengeisdecidingwhetherglobalizationisagoodthingorabadthing.Globalizationismuchlikefire.Fireitselfisneithergoodnorbad.Globalizationcanbeincrediblyempoweringandincrediblycoercive.Itcandemocratizeopportunityanddemocratizepanic.Itmakesthewhalesbiggerandtheminnowsstronger.Itleavesyoubehindfasterandfaster,anditcatchesuptoyoufasterandfaster.Whileitishomogenizingcultures,itisalsoenablingpeopletosharetheiruniqueindividualityfartherandwider.
Globalizationwillalwayshavecheerleaderswhoareblindtothedestructionglobalizationcancause.Anditwillalwayshavestridentopponentsblindtothewayglobalizationgivessomepeopletheirfir
- 配套讲稿:
如PPT文件的首页显示word图标,表示该PPT已包含配套word讲稿。双击word图标可打开word文档。
- 特殊限制:
部分文档作品中含有的国旗、国徽等图片,仅作为作品整体效果示例展示,禁止商用。设计者仅对作品中独创性部分享有著作权。
- 关 键 词:
- 文化 交际 常见问题