考研英语基础班讲义.docx
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考研英语基础班讲义.docx
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考研英语基础班讲义
考研英语基础班讲义
基础词汇
主编:
Ada司
内部讲义翻版必究
考研英语基础词汇内部讲义
本次课程基本情况介绍:
1、授课时间:
2、授课目标:
1)掌握考研真题中常考高频词汇和短语
2)熟悉基础阶段词汇备考方向
3、授课特点:
1)直击重点,把握核心词汇考点,提高综合应试能力。
2)笔记较多,互动性强。
4、授课思路:
以真题为中心进行核心词汇全面透彻剖析
第一章:
单词记忆方法
“三分”原则
分频
一:
认知词汇
二:
高频词汇
分题
一:
写作词汇
二:
阅读词汇
阅读词汇
分类
★一:
专业词汇
★二:
熟词生义
★三:
固定搭配
★四:
构词方法
一.熟词生义
1)80%可猜测
例1.womenareparticularlylikelytodevelopdepressionandanxietydisorderinresponsetostresscomparedtomen.
例2.LotsofAmericansboughtthatnonsense,andoverthreedecades,some10millionsmokerswenttoearlygraves.
例3.TheSupremeCourt'sdecisionsonphysician-assistedsuicidecarryimportantimplicationsforhowmedicineseekstorelievedyingpatientsofpainandsuffering.
2)20%特殊含义
例1.Idigyoursister.
Yougotabeefwithme?
Youcannotpickonemejustbecauseigotaprettyface.
例2.Feelingsofrighteousindignation,itseems,arenotthepreserveofpeoplealone.
译文:
义愤填膺似乎并非只是人类所特有的。
例3:
Duringthesameperiod,familieshavebeenaskedtoabsorbmuchmoreriskintheirretirementincome.
例4.“There’snocareercounselingimplicitinallofthis.”Instead,thebeststrategyistousetheagentasakindoftipservicetokeepabreastofjobsinaparticulardatabase;whenyougetE-mail,consideritaremindertocheckthedatabaseagain.
Theexpression“tipservice”(Line4,Paragraph3)mostprobablymeans.
[A]advisory.[B]compensation.
[C]interaction.[D]reminder.
例5.AdelineAlvarezmarriedat18andgavebirthtoason,butwasdeterminedtofinishcollege.“Istruggledalottogetthecollegedegree.Iwaslivinginsomuchfrustrationthatthatwasmyescapetogotoschool,andgetaheadanddobetter.”Laterhermarriageendedandshebecameasinglemother:
“It’sthehardestthingtotakecareofateenager,haveajob,paytherent,paythecarpayment,andpaythedebt.Ilivedfrompaychecktopaycheck.
24.Thesentence“Ilivedfrompaychecktopaycheck”(that____.
A.Alvarezcaredaboutnothingbutmakingmoney.
B.Alvarez'ssalarybarelycoveredherhouseholdexpenses.
C.Alvarezgotpaychecksfromdifferentjobs.
D.Alvarezpaidpracticallyeverythingbycheck.
二.构词猜词法
例1.Contemporary/contemptuous/contemptible/contemplative
President/preside/resident/reside/residence/subsidy
Perish/persevere/perplex/perceive
例2.EvenTommasini,whohadadvocatedGilbert’sappointmentintheTimes,callshim“anunpretentiousmusicianwithnoairoftheformidableconductorabouthim.”
TommasiniregardsGilbertasanartistwhois____.
[A]influential[B]modest
[C]respectable[D]talented
例3.Inspiteof“endlesstalkofdifference,”Americansocietyisanamazingmachineforhomogenizingpeople.
Theword“homogenizing”(Line2,Paragraph1)mostprobablymeans_____.
A.identifying B.associating
C.assimilating D.monopolizing
3.总结写作词汇写作技巧
Obvious——
Good——
Bad——
Advantage——
Disadvantage——
遣词造句:
somefolksarguethat....hassomemerits,whichcanbelistedasfollows.Initially,...additionally,...accordingly,...
Itisapparentthatthecartoonistendeavorstoputaspotlighton______,whichisoneofthemostessentialqualitiesintheMiddleKingdom.
4.常见猜词方法
1.重述猜词法
例1.Inseveralofthestudies,whenstressed-outfemaleratshadtheirovaries(thefemalereproductiveorgans)removed,theirchemicalresponsesbecameequaltothoseofthemales.
例2.Butoneinsidiousformcontinuestothrive:
alphabetism.This,forthoseasyetunawareofsuchadisadvantage,referstodiscriminationagainstthosewhosesurnamesbeginwithaletterinthelowerhalfofthealphabet.
例3.Weliveinasocietyinwhichthemedicalandsocialuseofsubstances(drugs)ispervasive:
anaspirintoquietaheadache,somewinetobesociable,coffeetogetgoinginthemorning,acigaretteforthenerves.
20.Theword“pervasive”(line1,paragraph2)mightmean
[A]widespread
[B]overwhelming
[C]piercing
[D]fashionable
例4.Inthisintenselyandfiercelycompetitivesociety,collaborationisonnoaccountanoptionbutamustifheorshehasanurgetoattainsuccess.Statedinanotherway,onewillaccomplishnothingifheorshelacksthisquality.
2.逻辑猜词法(连接词猜词法)
例1.Overthepastcentury,allkindsofunfairnessanddiscriminationhavebeencondemnedormadeillegal
例2.Thisisnoflashinthepan;overthepastcoupleofyears,inflationhasbeenconsistentlylowerthanexpectedinBritainandAmerica.
29.Thesentence“Thisisnoflashinthepan”(line5,paragraph3)meansthat .
[A]thelowinflationratewilllastforsometime
[B]theinflationratewillsoonrise
[C]theinflationwilldisappearquickly
[D]thereisnoinflationatpresent
例3.Likeotherhumanbeings,heencountersmoralissuesevenintheeverydayperformanceofhisroutineduties–heisnotsupposedtocookhisexperiments,manufactureevidence,ordoctorhisreports.
例4.Teachers,employers,andhealthprofessionalshavebeenshowntoharborbiasesagainsttheobese._17_veryyoungchildrentendtolookdownontheoverweight,andteasingaboutbodybuildhaslongbeenaprobleminschools.
17.[A]Even[B]Still[C]Yet[D]Only
例5.Alltheseconditionstendtoincreasetheprobabilityofachildcommittingacriminalact,20adirectcausalrelationshiphasnotyetbeenestablished.
20.[A]provided[B]since[C]although[D]supposing
例6.Forexample,heavierwomenarelesslikelytodevelopcalciumdeficiencythanthinwomen.___3___amongtheelderly,beingsomewhatoverweightisoftenan___4___ofgoodhealth.
[A]Instead[B]However[C]Likewise[D]Therefore
3.实词/虚词猜词法
例1.Astheeconomypicksup,opportunities foraspiringleaderswillabound.
例2.Americansmachine-toolindustrywasontherope.
例3.cloudsmaycome,butcloudsmustgo,andtheyallhaveasilverlining.Forbehindeachcloud,thesun,ormoonisshining.
例4.Whenitcomestotheslowingeconomy,EllenSperoisn'tbitinghernailsjustyet.Butthe47-year-oldmanicuristisn'tcutting,filingorpolishingasmanynailsasshe'dliketo,either.
31.By“EllenSperoisn’tbitinghernailsjustyet”(Line1,Paragraph1),theauthormeans_____.
[A]Sperocanhardlymaintainherbusiness.
[B]Speroistoomuchengagedinherwork.
[C]Sperohasgrownoutofherbadhabit.
[D]Speroisnotinadesperatesituation.
4.通过感情色彩猜词
例1.“Benefits”havebeenweighed20“harmful”outcomes.Andgeneralizationshaveproveddifficult.
20.[A]above[B]upon[C]against[D]with
例2.MichelleObamahaslaunchedahigh-visibilitycampaign_______childhoodobesityevenadmittingthatitrepresentsourgreatestnationalsecuritythreat.
[A]for[B]against[C]with[D]without
例3.hisargumentisthattheunusualhistoryofthesepeoplehas____45____themtouniqueevolutionarypressurethathaveresultedinthis_______stateofaffairs.
43.A.limitedB.subjectedC.convertedD.directed
五.近义辨析近形辨析区分义项
近义辨析:
名词:
例1.By1830theformerSpanishandPortuguesecolonieshadbecomeindependentnations.Theroughly20million____ofthesenationslookedhopefullytothefuture
[A]natives[B]inhabitants [C]peoples[D]individuals.
例2.Whenhomelessindividualsmanagetofinda____thatwillgivethemthreemealsadayandaplacetosleepatnight…
[A]lodging[B]shelter[C]dwelling[D]house
例3.Thespeakerwhodoesnothavespecificwordsinhisworkingvocabularymaybe9toexplainordescribeina10thatcanbeunderstoodbyhislisteners.
10.[A]case[B]means[C]method[D]way
例4.Thesereceptorsarethecellswhichsensesmellsandsend11tothebrain.
11.[A]signs[B]stimuli[C]messages[D]impulses
动词:
例148enoughvitaminsisessentialtolife,althoughthebodyhasnonutritionalusefor49vitamins.
48.(A)Supplying(B)Getting(C)Providing(D)Furnishing
例2.Toooften,carelessuseofwords3ameetingofthemindsofthespeakerandlistener.Thewordsusedbythespeakermay4unfavorablereactionsinthelistener5interferewithhiscomprehension;hence,thetransmission-receptionsystembreaksdown.
3.[A]encourages[B]prevents[C]destroy[D]offers
例3.Whenworking on radio,forexample,theyhadbecome2toseeing on behalfof thelistener.
[A]experienced[B]determined[C]established[D]accustomed
例4.Changesinthesocialstructuremaydirectly___juvenilecrimerates.Forexample,changesintheeconomythatleadtofewerjobopportunitiesforyouthandrisingunemploymentingeneralmakegainfulemploymentincreasinglydifficulttoobtain.(2004)
A.affectB.reduceC.checkD.reflect
形容词:
例1.Avarietyofsmallclubscanprovide(30)opportunitiesforleadership.
30. [A]durable[B]excessive[C]surplus[D]multiple
例2.Theexplanationforinsensitivitytosmellseemstobethatbrainfindsit
14tokeepallsmellreceptorsworkingallthetimebutcan15newreceptorsifnecessary.
14.[A]ineffective[B]incompetent[C]inefficient[D]insufficient
15.[A]introduce[B]summon[C]trigger[D]create
近形辨析
例1.Economic/economical;economy;economize
contemptuous;contemptible;contemplative;contemporary
Intellect;intellectual;intelligence;intelligent;
例2.Inasignificant2oflegalcontrolsoverthepress,LordIrvine,theLordChancellor,willintroducea3billthatwillproposemakingpaymentstowitnesses4
4.[A]illogical[B]illegal[C]improbable[D]improper
例3.Amanrespires,aspires,perspires,inspires,andfinallyexpires.
第2章核心词根,词缀
时间前缀
1.之前:
fore-/pre-/ex-/pro-
Fore-
1)foremost最前面的,最重要的,一流的
2)foresee预见
3)forefather先父
Pre-/pri-
4)predict预言,预告,预测
5)precede先于,优于
6)preface前言,开端
7)premium保险;奖金
8)prehistoric史前的
9)preschool学龄前的,幼儿园
10)prime最初,最好的,一流的
11)primitive原始的
12)privilege给予特权
13)prior优先的,在前的
14)priority优先权
Pro-
15)professor教授
Confess:
坦诚,坦白;忏悔
Frank:
坦白的;坦率的
16)prospect前景
17)propel推进;驱使
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