英汉习语的文化差异及其翻译.docx
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英汉习语的文化差异及其翻译.docx
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英汉习语的文化差异及其翻译
外国语学院
毕业论文
论文题目:
英汉习语的文化差异及其翻译
学生姓名:
学号:
专业:
英语 方向:
教师教育
指导教师
2012年5月
TheCulturalDifferencesbetweenEnglishandChineseIdiomsandIdiomaticTranslation
AThesis
SubmittedinPartialFulfillmentoftheRequirements
FortheB.A.DegreeinEnglishLanguageandLiterature
By
UndergraduateProgram
SchoolofForeignLanguages
HubeiUniversityofScienceandTechnology
Supervisor:
Signature:
Approved
May2012
论文原创性声明
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2012年5月
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作者签名:
2012年5月
导师签名:
2012年5月
CONTENTS
1.Introduction-1-
1.1Backgroundoftheanalysis-1-
1.2ThePurposeoftheanalysis-2-
1.3Thestructureofthethesis-3-
2.LanguageandCulture-3-
2.1Thedefinitionoflanguage-3-
2.2Thedefinitionofculture-4-
2.3Relationshipbetweenlanguageandculture-4-
2.4Divergencesbetweenlanguageandculture-5-
3.IdiomsandCulture-5-
3.1Thedefinitionandcharacteristicsofidioms-6-
3.2Relationshipbetweenidiomsandculture-6-
3.3Theimportanceofunderstandingidioms-6-
4.MainAspectsofCulturalDifferencesbetweenEnglishandChineseIdioms-7-
4.1Livingenvironment-7-
4.2Historicalculture-8-
4.3Religiousbeliefs-8-
4.4Customsorlivinghabits-9-
4.5Values-9-
5.MethodsofIdiomaticTranslation-9-
5.1Somecommonmethodsoftranslatingidioms-10-
5.1.1Literaltranslation-10-
5.1.2Liberaltranslation-10-
5.1.3Substitution-10-
5.2Someothermethodsoftranslatingidioms-11-
5.2.1Literaltranslation+liberaltranslation-11-
5.2.2Literal/liberaltranslation+annotation-11-
5.2.3Omission-11-
6.Conclusion-12-
Bibliography-13-
Acknowledgements-14-
TheCulturalDifferencesbetweenEnglishandChineseIdiomsandIdiomaticTranslation
学生:
指导教师:
单位:
外国语学院
摘要:
英汉两种语言包含着大量的生动形象的习语。
习语是一种广为流传的具有特定含义的固定短语,在人们的日常生活中起着越来越重要的作用。
由于地理、历史、宗教信仰、风俗习惯和价值观等方面的差异,英汉习语承载着不同的民族文化特色和文化信息,它们与文化传统紧密相连、不可分割。
习语中的文化因素往往是翻译中的难点。
为了使读者更好地理解并运用习语,在翻译中译者必须考虑其背后的文化因素。
本文将从文化背景入手,分析英汉习语的文化差异,并探讨一些习语翻译方法。
关键词:
习语;文化差异;翻译方法
Abstract:
BothEnglishandChineselanguagecontainalotofvivididiomswhicharewidespreadfixedphraseswithspecificmeaningsandplayamoreandmoreimportantroleinpeople’sdailylife.EnglishandChineseidiomscarrydifferentethnicfeaturesandinformationofculturebecauseofdifferentlivingenvironments,historicalcultures,religiousbeliefs,customs,values,etc.Thus,peoplefindithardtounderstandidiomscorrectlywithoutthehelpoftheculturalcontext.Theyareinseparable.Sometimesculturalfactoristhedifficultpointintranslation.Itshouldbetakenintoaccountintranslationtomakepeopleunderstandanduseidiomsbetter.Therefore,fromtheculturalpointofview,thisthesiswilltalkabouttheculturaldifferencesbetweenEnglishandChineseidiomsandfindsomemethodsofidiomatictranslation.
Keywords:
idioms;culturaldifferences;translationmethods
1.Introduction
1.1Backgroundoftheanalysis
WiththegradualdeepeningofChina’sopening-uptotheoutsideworldandtheintegrationofEnglishandChinesecultures,idiomsplayanincreasinglyimportantroleinpeople’scommunication.However,idioms,asthecrystallizationofhumanwisdomandanimportantpartoflanguages,arestronglyculturally-coloredandmayresultindifficultiesincommunication.Soidiomshavealwaysbeenthetargetofmanyscholars’studies.
Therehasbeenalongtraditioninthestudyofidioms.AccordingtoPengQinghua(2007),therearefourmajorstages:
1.Theearlylinguists,likeSmith,focusedonthesourcesandideationalfunctionofidioms.Theyclassifiedandparaphrasedthesourcesofidiomsandemphasizedtheirbasicfeatures.
2.Between1930sand1950s,linguistslikeC.F.Hockett,emphasizedtheimportantroleofcontextinidentifyingandinterpretingidioms,andcomplementedtheintegrity,coagulationandirreplaceabilityofidioms.
3.After1950s,linguistslikeB.Fraser,begantousethetransformationalgenerativegrammartostudythedeepstructureofidioms,especiallythepossibilityofconversingidioms,andproposedFrozennessHierarchyTheory.
4.Inthepastyears,researchesofidiomshadbeencarriedoutinthefieldsofculture,functions,pragmatics,etc.
Althoughdomesticandforeignlinguistshavespentmuchtimeonidioms,“muchpastworkonEnglishidiomshasoftenbeenconcernedwithtypology,semantics,syntacticbehaviour,etc.(ChangChenguang,2004)”totheneglectofculturalelementsinidiomsandpropertranslationmethods.Since1990s,scholarshavepaidmoreattentiontoculturalelementsinEnglishandChineseidioms(GuanYuyu,2005).Nowdomesticandforeignscholarsattachtheirimportancetoculturalconnotationsandtranslationstrategiesofidioms.
1.2ThePurposeoftheanalysis
Asidiomsplayanincreasinglyimportantroleincross-culturalcommunicationandculturalconnotationsandtranslationstrategiesofidiomsdrawscholar’sattention,thepresentthesissetsouttoanalyzetheculturalaspectsofEnglishandChineseidiomscomparativelyandputforwardthetranslationmethodsfortheidioms.
Itisacknowledgedthatlanguageandcultureareinteractiveandcannotbeseparated.Idioms,astheessenceoflanguages,reflectthenativeculture.Sotheyinevitablyinteractwiththeircultures.However,discrepancyexistsbetweendifferentlanguagesandcultures,whichmayoftenresultinobstaclesinmutualunderstandingbetweentheparticipantswhocomefromdifferentculturalbackgrounds.Ifnotproperlyhandledintranslation,discrepancywillcauseculturalmisunderstandingorculturalloss.Inotherwords,withtheawarenessofculturaldifferencesbetweenEnglishandChineseidioms,peoplemayavoidmuchmisunderstandingincross-culturalcommunicationbytryingtorecognizetherealintentionofotherpeople.Therefore,analyzingtheculturaldifferencesbetweenEnglishandChineseidiomsintheperspectivesoflivingenvironment,historicalculture,religiousbeliefs,customsandvalueswillhelppeopletocomprehendtheculturalelementsinidiomsandadoptpropertranslationmethods.
Astothetranslation,EugeneNidahassaidthatfortrulysuccessfultranslation,beingfamiliarwithtwokindsofculturesisevenmoreimportantthangraspingtwolanguages,becausethewordonlymakessenseinitsownculturalbackground.Thus,takingcultureelementsintoconsiderationisthekeypointtothesuccessfultranslationofEnglishandChineseidioms.Manyforerunnershaveputforwardsomepenetratingviews.Andthethesispresentssomeopinionsonthebasisofanalyzingandsynthesizingtheirviewssothatpeoplecanunderstandanduseidiomsappropriatelyandcross-culturalcommunicationcanbeimproved.
1.3Thestructureofthethesis
Therearesixpartsunderthethesis:
PartOneintroducesthebackground,purposeandstructureofthethesis.PartTwodefineslanguageandculturerespectively,andtalksabouttherelationshipbetweenthem,aswellasdivergences.PartThreeisaboutidiomsandculture,coveringtheirrelationship,andthedefinition,featuresandimportanceofidioms.PartFourmakesacomparisononculturalaspectsofEnglishandChineseidioms.PartFiveintroducessomecommonmethodsoftranslatingidiomsandotherappropriatemethodsoftranslatingidioms.ThesixthpartsummarizesthewholethesisbyreinforcingthesignificanceofthecomparativestudiesonculturalaspectsofEnglishandChineseidiomsandgivessometentativeadvicetothetranslationofthem.
2.LanguageandCulture
2.1Thedefinitionoflanguage
Itiswidelyacceptedthatthepossessionoflanguagedistinguishesmanfromotheranimals.Itisoneoftheuniquepossessionsofhumanbeingsandoneofourmostarticulatedmeansofexpressingideasandthoughts.Butwhatislanguage?
Itisfarfromeasytoanswerthisquestion.Althoughscholarshaveofferedvariousdefinitions,sofarnocompletelysatisfactorydefinitionseemstohavebeengivenbecausescholarsusuallymakeapointofoneortwoaspectsofthelanguage.Belowaresomeoftenusedones.OxfordAdvancedLearner’sEnglish-ChineseDictionary(2004)defineslanguageas“thesystemofcommunicationinspeechandwritingthatisusedbypeopleofaparticularcountry”.Sapir(1921:
8,quotedfromGuanYuyu2005)stated,“Languageisapurelyhumanandnon-instinctivemethodofcommunicatingideas,emotionsanddesiresbymeansofvoluntarilyproducedsymbols.”Harmers﹠Blane(1989:
116,quotedfromGuanYuyu2005)thought,“Languageisacomponentofculturealongwithotherentitieslike,forexample,values,beliefsandnorms.”Halliday﹠Matthiessen(1999:
511,quotedfromChangChenguang,2004)said,“Alanguageisasystemforcreatingmeaning…itsmeaningpotentialhasevolvedaroundthreemotifs---whatwerefertoasthe‘metafunctions’ofideational,interpersonalandtextual…”Accordingtotheimportantfeaturesoflanguagesthatmostlinguistsagreedon,agenerallyacceptabledefinitionis:
Languageisasystemofarbitraryvocalsymbolsusedforhumancommunication(LiuRunqing&WenXu,2006).Onthebasisoftheabovementionedpoints,peoplemayfindthathumanlanguageisnotisolatedbutcloselyrelatedtosocialcultureandtheexistenceoflanguageismainlyforthepurposeofhumancommunication.Societyisboththecreatorandthecontaineroflan
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