You are what you eat中美饮食对比.docx
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You are what you eat中美饮食对比.docx
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Youarewhatyoueat中美饮食对比
YouAreWhatYouEat
—TheDifferencesbetweenChineseandAmericanFoodCultures
Name:
HeJing(Helen)
Class:
No.2(Schooloftourism)
Studentnumber:
0506010226
Ⅰ.Topic
YouAreWhatYouEat—theDifferencesbetweenChineseandAmericanFoodCultures
Ⅱ.Introduction
Withthedifferencesofnaturalenvironmentandresources,twocompletelydifferentculturescameintobeing.Food,anessentialprerequisitefortheexistenceanddevelopmentofmankind,remainsacloserelationwithculture.Thus,foodculturevarieswithnations.ThispaperendeavorstoanalyzetheculturaldifferencesandtheirrootedcausesinChineseandAmericanfoodculturesfromtheperspectivesofconcept,etiquetteandcontent.
Ⅲ.Body
A.Thedifferencesinconceptofeating
a.Thesignificanceofeatinginbothcultures
b.Ceremoniousvs.casual
c.Collectivismvs.individualism
B.Thedifferencesincontentandtheprinciplesoffoodmaking
a.Oforientation:
flavorfocusedvs.nutritionfocused
b.Ofmaterialsandingredients:
extensivevs.limited
c.Ofcookingtechniques:
standardizationvs.flexibility
C.Thedifferencesinetiquette
a.Oftableware:
chopsticksvs.knivesandfoxes
b.Oftime:
tobelatevs.tobeontime
Ⅳ.Closing
Inoneword,thedifferencesbetweenChineseandAmericanfoodculturesarethedifferencesbetweensensitivityandrationality.Asthedevelopmentoftechnologyandscience,thesedifferenceshavegraduallybecomeblurred.MoreandmoreChinesepeoplepayattentionnotonlytocolors,aromaandtasteoffood,butalsothenutritionoffood.Meanwhile,moreandmoreAmericanpeoplearetendingtoeatChinesepeople.
YouAreWhatYouEat
—TheDifferencesbetweenChineseandAmericanFoodCultures
Youarewhatyoueat—justbylookingatthefiguresofChinesepeopleandAmericanpeople,it’snothardtotellthattherearesomedifferencesbetweenwhattheyeat.However,thedifferencesbetweenthecontentoffoodis,obviously,nottheonlydifference.
TheuniquenessofChinesefoodcultureisthatChinesepeoplealwaysvieweatingmuchhigherthananythingelse,andevenregardeatingasimportantasheaven.Thisisreasonablebecauseforthousandsofyears,Chinesepeoplesufferedalothavinglittlethingtofilltheirstomachs,duetothepoorproductiveforce.Thus,Confuciushadsaid,inClassicofRites,thatdiet,aswellassex,isexistedasthegreatestdesireofhumanbeings.
TheimportanceofChinesefoodcultureisfullyreflectedinourdailylanguage.InChinese,whentwofriendsmeet,theywillgreeteachotherbyasking,”haveyouhadeyourmeal?
”ItisjustthesamewayastheEnglishpeoplegreetingeachotherbysaying,”lovelyweather,isn’tit?
”Thefamousscholar,YiZhongtian,hassummarizedhowourfoodcultureinfluencesourlanguage:
inChinese,theword“population”means“people’smouth(人口renkou)”,aspeoplearecountedbytheirmouths;Insteadofsaying,“thereare3peopleinourfamily”,Chinesepeoplewouldsay,”thereare3mouthsinourfamily”;Bysaying“ricebowl(饭碗fanwan)”,wemean“career”,asitiswhatwearelivingon;Wesay“savorthetastesoflife(品味pinwei)”for“experience”;Forsomethingthatiscommon,wesay“ahomerecipe”;Theproverb“apieceofcake”inChineseshouldbe“apieceofdish”.ItseemsthatinChinesecultureanything,tangibleorintangible,materialormental,iseatable.
Onthecontrast,eating,inAmerica,ismerelysomethingmustforliving.InMaslow’sneedhierarchytheory,thephysiologicalneeds,whichtheneedforeatingisincluded,areonthelowestlevel.Mr.LinYutanghassaid,theconceptofthewesternpeopleineating,isdifferentfromthatofChinesepeople.Theybelievethateating,justlikeaddingfueltoamachinetomakeitrunsmoothly,isonlytohelpkeepfitandstrongtoresistdisease.
Sometimes,inAmerica,eatingcanalsofunctionasameansforabettersocialintercourse:
toexpressone’sappreciationtowhomhasofferedtheservices,tocelebrateasuccessfultrade,toaskforhelp,etc.
Yet,inChina,peoplemayeatatanyoccasion:
Theymayeatwhenacouplegetmarriageorwhenababyisborn;theymayeatwhentheymovetoanewhouseorwhentheygetpromoted;theymayeatwhenfriendscometovisitorwhentheygotosomewhereafar;theymayeatevenwhenanyrelativepassesaway.Byeating,Chinesepeoplesittingtogethercommunicateanddelivertheirfeelingsandemotions,suchasdelight,pleasure,greeting,sorroworsadness.
AccordingtoEdwardT.Hall’stheory,Chineseculturebelongstothehigh-contextcultures.Becausethetraditionandhistorychangeverylittleovertime,peopledonotrequire,nordotheyexpectmuchbackgroundinformation.So,theactionofeatingmayhavesomeimplymeaning.Inoneword,eatinginChinahasmuchmoreculturalconnotationandsignification.
Forholdingaparty,theattitudesofChinesepeopleandAmericanpeoplearestilldifferent.Whileholdingaparty,Chinesepeopleoftenfocusonthefooditself.Thehostwilltrytheirutmosttopreparealuxuriousrepast,atleast7dishes,excludingdessert,appetizerandstaplefood.ThisisbecauseChinesepeoplethinkitverydisgracefuliftheydon’tsupplyenoughfoodfortheguests,andtheybelievethatthemoresumptuousthefoodis,themorehospitableandfriendlythehostis.Comparativelyspeaking,theAmericanpartyismuchcasualanddiversified.Asthegustsarelikelytobringsomefoodtosharewithothers,thehostonlyneedstopreparesomebasicfoodanddrink,andmakesuretheatmosphereisrelaxed,cheerfulandharmonious.ThisisbecausetheAmericanpeoplevaluesthepleasanttimetheyspendtogether.
ManyAmericansmayfinditstrangewhenallthemembersofaChinesefamilygatheraroundatable,sharethefooddisheswhichwereputintothecentreoftable,andpickupthefoodfromthedishedwhichwhowanttoeat.Inordertoshowthecareandhospitality,peoplewouldservefoodforeachotherfromtimetotime.ThesehaveneverhappenedontheAmericantable.BecauseeachAmericanhasasetoftableware,andhavewhathewanttoeatonit,andjusthelphimselfwiththefood.Thesedifferencesareformedasthevaluesofthetwocountriesaredifferent--basedonHofstede’svaluedimensionstheory,Chinacanbeclassifiedascollectiveculture,whiletheAmericaisassociatedwithculturethatpromoteindividualism.Inshort,valuesplaceasignificantimpactonbehaviorinallcultures.
Youarewhatyoueat!
ItisobvioustoallthatthefigureandphysiqueofChinesepeopleandAmericanpeoplearedistinct.IhaveheardofaninterestingstoryaboutYaoMing,whoisoneofthefamousNBAplayersrightnow.DuringhisfirstseasoninNBA,millionsofpeopleareattractedbyhisheightandhiscutesmile.However,heisnotstrongenoughtoplayNBAgameyet!
Heevertoldthereporterthathelikesthesoupthathismommakesforhim.However,soupcouldnothelphim,onlysteak,cheese,buttercouldmakehimstrongerandgiveshimmoreenergy.Inordertoincreasehiscompetition,hehastogetusedtoAmericanfoodstyle!
Itisthedistinctionofthecontentoffoodthatmakesso.
Chinesecuisineissaidasakindofculinaryart,asitpursuetheharmonyofcolor,appearance,aromaandtaste.Andthisculinaryartisaperfectcombinationofexcellentslicingtechniques,theartofproperseasoningsandgoodtextureoffood.Beingsuchalargecountry,theclimateandnatureproductsvaryfromplacetoplace.Thus,Chinesecuisineboastsrichmaterialsandingredients,aswellascookingtechniques.Chinesepeopleeatwhateveredibleontheearth.Weeatcrabsbypreference,andeatbarksbynecessity.Peopleoftensayhumorouslythattheyeateverythingwithfourlegs,exceptthelegsoftable;theyeateverythingwithwings,butthewingsoftheairplane.Thereareover30techniquesinChinesecuisine,includingdeep-frying,quick-frying,stir-frying,sautéing,roasting,braising,simmering,smoking,stewinginsoysauceandsyrup,andsoon.SeasoningalsoplaysaveryimportantroleinChinesecooking,andallkindsofsalty,sweet,sourandpungentflavorscanbefoundinChinesecuisine.Andeverychefhastheirownwaytocollocatetheingredientandseasonings.Hence,therearenottwodishesthatareexactlythesame.
Fortheflavorandtasteoffood,theAmericanshavetoacknowledgethecorn.BoththetasteandingredientsoftheAmericanfoodaremonotonous.It’llneverbetooexaggeratetosaythatthetasteofsteakisalmostthesamefromNewYorktoS.F.,andtheyarealwaysservedwithtomatoes,potatoesandcabbages.Tosatisfytheirhunger,Americansaremorelikelytoeatmeatinbigpieces,whileChinesepeoplearesomehowvegetarians.TheYellowEmperor’sClassicsofInternalMedicine,awell-knownmedicalbookwritteninWesternHanperiod2000yearsago,saysthat”Cerealssupplymenwithnecessarynutrition,fruitissubsidiary,meatisanaddedbenefitandvegetablesarenutritionalenrichment.Adiversifieddiethelpsmaintainthefunctionoftheorgans.”AsasurveyshowsthevegetablesChinesepeopleeatareabout600kinds,anditis6timestowhattheAmericanseat.
TheAmericanfoodisfamousforitsstandardization.Theamountsofseasoningsandtimeofcookingareaccuratelymeasured.IhaveonceredamagazinedescribinganAmericankitchen—itislikealaboratory,havingascale,timer,measuringglass,andcastorsofdifferentsizes.Forthisreason,thefastfood–KFC,McDonald’s,etc.—canopenupsomanychain-stores,evenintheotherhemisphere.However,notlikeChinesepeoplewhoputthetasteoffoodinthefirstplace,theAmericanspaymuchmoreattentiontothenutritionoffood.ItisacceptabletoChinesepeop
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