雅思10Test1Stepwell.docx
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雅思10Test1Stepwell.docx
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雅思10Test1Stepwell
Amillenniumago,stepwellswerefundamentaltolife
inthedriestpartsofIndia.RichardCoxtravelledto
north-westernIndiatodocumentthesespectacular
monumentsfromabygoneera.
Duringthesixthandseventhcenturies,the
inhabitantsofthemodern-daystatesofGujaratand
Rajasthaninnorth-westernIndiadevelopeda
methodofgainingaccesstoclean,freshgroundwater
duringthedryseasonfordrinking,bathing,watering
animalsandirrigation.However,thesignificanceof
thisinvention-thestepwell-goesbeyondits
utilitarianapplication.
(Thefunctionduringthedryseason)
Uniquetothisregion,stepwellsareoften
architecturallyplexandvarywidelyinsizeand
shape.Duringtheirheyday,theywereplacesof
gathering,ofleisureandrelaxationandofworship
forvillagersofallbutthelowestclasses.Most
stepwellsarefounddottedroundthedesertareasof
Gujarat(wheretheyarecalledvav)andRajasthan
(wheretheyarecalledbaori),whileafewalsosurvive
inDelhi.Somewerelocatedinornearvillagesas
publicspacesforthemunityotherswere
positionedbesideroadsasrestingplacesfor
travellers.
(ThefunctionofStepwellfordiffpeople,wherearethey)
Astheirnamesuggests,stepwellspriseaseriesof
stonestepsdescendingfromgroundleveltothe
watersource(normallyanundergroundaquifer)asit
recedesfollowingtherains.Whenthewaterlevelwas
high,theuserneededonlytodescendafewstepsto
reachitwhenitwaslow,severallevelswouldhave
tobenegotiated.
(StructureofStepwells)
Somewellsarevast,opencraterswithhundredsof
stepspavingeachslopingside,oftenintiers.Others
aremoreelaborate,withlongsteppedpassages
leadingtothewaterviaseveralstoreys.Builtfrom
stoneandsupportedbypillars,theyalsoincluded
pavilionsthatshelteredvisitorsfromtherelentless
heat.Butperhapsthemostimpressivefeaturesare
theintricatedecorativesculpturesthatembellish
manystepwells,showingactivitiesfromfightingand
dancingtoeverydayactssuchaswomenbing
theirhairorchurningbutter.
(Descriptionofdifferentkindofstepwells)
Downthecenturies,thousandsofwellswere
constructedthroughoutnorth-westernIndia,butthe
majorityhavenowfallenintodisusemanyare
derelictanddryasgroundwaterhasbeendiverted
forindustrialuseandthewellsnolongerreachthe
watertable.Theirconditionhasn'tbeenhelpedby
recentdryspellssouthernRajasthansufferedan
eight-yeardroughtbetween1996and2004.
(Thereasonforbeingderelict)
However,someimportantsitesinGujarathave
recentlyundergonemajorrestoration,andthestate
governmentannouncedinJunelastyearthatitplans
torestorethestepwellsthroughoutthestate.
(OppositeFactintroductionofsitesrestoration)
InPatan,thestate'sancientcapital,thestepwellof
RaniKiVav(Queen'sStepwell)isperhapstheFinest
currentexample.ItwasbuiltbyQueenUdayamati
duringthelate11thcentury,butbecamesiltedup
followingaFloodduringthe13thcentury.Butthe
ArchaeologicalSurveyofIndiabeganrestoringitin
the1960s,andtodayitisinpristinecondition.At65
metreslong,20metreswideand27metresdeep,Rani
KiVavfeatures500sculpturescarvedintoniches
throughoutthemonument.IncrediblyinJanuary
2001,thisancientstructuresurvivedanearthquake
thatmeasured7.6ontheRichterscale.
(RestorationExampleofRaniKiVavanditsdecription)
AnotherexampleistheSuryaKundinModhera,
northernGujarat,nexttotheSunTemple,builtby
KingBhimaIin1026tohonourthesungodSurya.It
actuallyresemblesatank(kundmeansreservoiror
pond)ratherthanawell,butdisplaysthehallmarks
ofstepwellarchitecture,includingfoursidesofsteps
thatdescendtothebottominastunninggeometrical
formation.Theterraceshouse108small,intricately
carvedshrinesbetweenthesetsofsteps.
(RestorationExampleofSuryaKundanditsdecription:
includesparison)
Rajasthanalsohasawealthofwells.Theancientcity
ofBundi,200kilometressouthofJaipuisrenowned
foritsarchitecture,includingitsstepwells.Oneofthe
largerexamplesisRamjiKiBaori,whichwasbuiltby
thequeenoftheregion,Nathavatji,in1699.At46
metresdeep,20metreswideand40metreslongthe
intricatelycarvedmonumentisoneof21baons
missionedintheBundiareabyNathavatji.
(ExampleofRamjiKiBaorianditsdecription)
IntheoldruinedtownofAbhaneri,about95
kilometreseastofJaipuisChandBaori,oneof
India'soldestanddeepestwellsaestheticallyit's
perhapsoneofthemostdramatic.Builtinaround850
ADnexttothetempleofHarshatMata,thebaori
priseshundredsofzigzaggingstepsthatrun
alongthreeofitssides,steeplydescending11storeys,
resultinginastrikingpatternwhenseenfromafar.
Onthefourthside,verandas(balcony)whicharesupportedby
ornatepillarsoverlookthesteps.
(ExampleofChandBaorianditsdecription)
StillinpublicuseisNeemranaKiBaori,locatedjust
offtheJaipur-Delhihighway.Constructedinaround
1700,itisninestoreysdeep,withthelasttwobeing
underwater.Atgroundlevel,thereare86colonnaded
openingsfromwherethevisitordescends170stepsto
thedeepestwatersource.
(ExampleofNeemranaKiBaorianditsdecription)
Today,followingyearsofneglect,manyofthese
monumentstomedievalengineeringhavebeensaved
bytheArchaeologicalSurveyofIndia,whichhas
recognisedtheimportanceofpreservingthemaspart
ofthecountry'srichhistory.Touristsflocktowellsin
far-flungcornersofnorth-westernIndiatogazein
wonderatthesearchitecturalmarvelsfromhundreds
ofyearsago,whichserveasareminderofboththe
ingenuityandartistryofancientcivilisationsandof
thevalueofwatertohumanexistence.
(Conclusionforthewellsandthemeaningofthem)
True/False题型
1.Examplesofancientstepwellscanbe
foundallovertheworld.
正确答案1.FALSE
根据题目中。
ancientstepwells。
可以判断对应
信息出现在文章开头。
通过定位词和考点词定
位到文章第二段第一行,文章中。
Uniquetothisregion,stepwellsareoften
architecturallyplexandvarywidelyinsizeand
shape.
uniquetothisregion。
与题目中。
allovertheworld。
意思
相反
2.Stepwellshadarangeoffunctions,in
additiontothoserelatedtowatercollection.
正确答案2.TRUE
定位到文章第二段第二句。
文章中。
theywere
placesofgathering,ofleisureandrelaxationandof
worshipsforvillagers"是题目中arangeoffunctions
的具体表现。
3.ThefewexistingstepwellsinDelhiare
moreattractivethanthosefoundelsewhere.
正确答案3.NOTGIVEN
第二段倒数第四行看到Delhi,而其他细节均
未出现,且并未进行。
吸引力。
方面的比较。
考
生如果不能迅速定位,可先解答下一题,沿其
答案向前。
4.Ittookworkersmanyyearstobuildthe
stonestepscharacteristicofstepwells.
正确答案4.NOTGIVEN
建议先解答第五题,通过第五题的答案位置和
第三题的答案位置确定本题答案。
而通过阅读
文章,考生也可发现原文并未提及相关内容。
本题答案为NOTGIVEN
5.Thenumberofstepsabovethewaterlevel
inastepwellalteredduringthecourseofa
year.
正确答案5.TRUE
通过定位到文章第
三段第二行。
stepwellspriseaseriesof
stonestepsdescendingfromgroundleveltothe
watersource(normallyanundergroundaquifer)asit
recedesfollowingtherains.
。
对应
题目中考点词:
alteredduringthecourseofa
year".
6.Whichpartofsomestepwellsprovided
shadeforpeople?
正确答案6.pavilion
根据题目中whichpartofsome
stepwells。
可知,本题答案应为具体名词,指
代阶梯井的某一部分。
根据定位词。
shade。
可
找到文章中第四段第七行和第八行。
sheltered
visitorsfromtherelentlessheat",为
出现的阶梯井组成部分。
所以是pavilion
7.Whattypeofseriousclimaticevent,which
tookplaceinsouthernRajasthan,is
mentionedinthearticle?
正确答案drought
根据题目中。
whattypeofseriousclimatic
event。
,可知,本题答案应为具体名词,指代
具体天气状况。
根据定位词。
South
Rajasthan。
可定位到文章中第五段最后一词。
southernRajasthansufferedan
eight-yeardroughtbetween1996and2004
中具体天气状况。
drought。
即为答案
8.Whoarefrequentvisitorstostepwells
nowadays?
正确答案tourists
根据题目中。
who。
可知,本题答案为具体名
词,指代人。
根据定位词。
nowadays。
可定位
到文章最后一段段首。
Today…Touristsflocktowells。
本段中唯一指
代人的具体名词,且符合visitors动作的名
词。
tourists。
即为答案
9.Despitethe…..of2001
正确答案earthquake
先通过题目中专有名词。
RaniKiVav。
及数字定
位到文章第七段。
再根据题目中空格后面
的。
2001。
继续定位至文章第七段最后一句IncrediblyinJanuary
2001,thisancientstructuresurvivedanearthquake
thatmeasured7.6ontheRichterscale
。
本题答案为earthquake.
10.Stepsonthe…produceageometricalpattern
正确答案foursides/4sides
先通过题目中专有名词。
SuryaKund。
及数
字。
1026。
定位到文章第八段。
在通过题干
中。
geometricalpattern。
定位到文章第八段倒
数第四行中。
includingfoursidesofsteps
thatdescendtothebottominastunninggeometrical
formation.
已在题目原词中出现.
11.looksmorelikea…thanwell
正确答案tank
先通过题目中专有名词。
SuryaKund。
及数
字。
1026。
定位到文章第八段。
再通过题干中
的比较关系。
more...Thanawell。
定位到文章
第八段第六行。
Itactuallyresemblesatank(kundmeansreservoiror
pond)ratherthanawell
本题答案为tank.
12.Has…whichprovideaviewofthesteps
正确答案verandas
先通过题目中专有名词。
ChandBaori。
及数
字。
850AD。
定位到文章第十段whichprovideaviewofthe
steps。
定位到第十段最后一句Onthefourthside,
verandas(balcony)whicharesupportedby
ornatepillarsoverlookthesteps.
13.Hastwo…levels
itisninestoreysdeep,withthelasttwobeing
underwater
答案为underwater
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