外文翻译(英文)试验研究钢筋混凝土柱改造方法.doc
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外文翻译(英文)试验研究钢筋混凝土柱改造方法.doc
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EXPERIMENTALRESEARCHOFREINFORCEDCONCRETECOLUMN
RETROFITMETHODS
Introduction
Astheinfrastructureofourcountrycontinuestoage,theneedforeffectiveretrofittreatmentshasincreased.Manybuildingandbridgestructuralcomponentsnolongerprovidecapacitysufficienttomeettherequiredcodestandards.Seismicupgradingandreinforcementprotectionaretwoofthemajorissuesrequiringretrofits.Additionally,manyagingstructuralmembersnolongerprovidetheloadcapacityoftheoriginaldesignbecauseofconcretecracking,steelcorrosion,orotherdamage.Inthisresearch,severalretrofitmethodsforincreasingtheaxialloadcapacityofreinforcedconcretecolumnsweretestedandanalyzed.
Severalcurrentlyappliedmethodsforretrofittingcolumnsincludeconcretejacketing,steeljacketing,andfiberreinforcedpolymer(FRP)jacketing.Allthreemethodshavebeenshowntoeffectivelyinincreasetheaxialloadcapacityofcolumns.Inaddition,anewreinforcementproduct,PrefabricatedCageSystem(PCS)reinforcement,wasintroducedasapossiblereinforcementoptionforconcretejacketretrofitapplications.
ProjectScope
Threeretrofitreinforcementoptions,concretejacketing,steeljacketing,andFRP
wrapping,wereexperimentallyanalyzedintheresearch.Threedifferentmaterials
providedreinforcementfortheconcretejackets:
arebarcagewithspiraltransverse
reinforcement,weldedwirefabric(WWF),andtheaforementionedPCS.Allspecimensweretestedunderaxialcompressionloadingonly.Appliedloadanddisplacementweremeasuredforallspecimensthroughouttestinguntilfailure.Additionally,responseoftheloadedspecimenswasobservedanddocumentedthroughoutthetesting.BehaviorofthenewlyintroducedPCSreinforcementwascomparedwithtraditionallyusedretrofitapplicationsalreadycurrentlyutilizedinthestructuralengineeringindustry.Advantagesanddisadvantagesofeachretrofitmeasurewereidentified.Additionally,modelconceptswerepresentedfortheresponseofconcretejacketretrofittedcolumnsbasedontheworkofManderetal.(1988)andCai(1987).
ProjectSummary
Seventeencircularcolumnswereconstructedandtestedtofailureincompression.First,similarreinforcedconcretebasecolumnswereconstructedwithspiraltransverse
reinforcement.Allbasespecimenshadthesamedimensions,transverse,andlongitudinaleinforcement.Thebasespecimenswerethenretrofittedwiththedifferentretrofitmethodspreviouslydiscussed.Onespecimen,referredtoasthebasespecimen,wastestedwithoutanyretrofitapplied.Threespecimenswereretrofittedwithaspiralrebarreinforcedconcretejacket.Twospecimenswerereinforcedwithaweldedwirefabricreinforcedconcretejacket.ThreespecimenswereretrofittedwithFRPwrapsandtwomorespecimenswereretrofittedwithsteeljackets.Inaddition,sixspecimenswereretrofittedwithaPCSreinforcedconcretejacket,includingtwodifferentthicknessesofPCS.
Ninespecimenshadtheentirecrosssectionofthebasecolumnandretrofitarealoaded.Thissimulatedaretrofitconditionwhentheappliedloadisdistributedacrosstheentirecrosssection.Fivespecimenshadthecrosssectionofonlythebasecolumnloaded,whichsimulatedaconditionwhentheloadisonlyappliedtotheoriginalmember.Threeotherspecimenshadincreasedlateralreinforcementspacingwithsimilartransversereinforcementstrengthperspacing.Thesespecimensalsohadtheentireretrofitandbasecolumncross-sectionloaded.
RETROFITOFEXISTINGSTRUCTURES
Manystructureshavehistoricallybeenconstructedusingreinforcedconcrete.Typicalordinaryconcreteconsistsoffourconstituents:
gravel,sand,water,andcement.Reinforcedconcretehassometypeofreinforcement,typicallysteel,combinedwithconcretetoproduceastrongersystemthanplainconcrete.Concreteisstrongin
compressionbutweakintension.Tensileforcescauseconcretetocrackandeventuallyfailinabrittlemanneratstressessignificantlylowerthanthecompressionstrengthofconcrete.Steel,oranothertypeofreinforcementmaterial,canbeusedtocompensatefortheweaktensilestrengthofconcrete.Thissystemisreferredtoasreinforcedconcrete.
Asreinforcedconcreteages,avarietyofdetrimentaleffectscanoccur.Theseincludespalling,flaking,orcrackingoftheconcrete,andsubsequentcorrosionofthereinforcingsteel.Theseoccurrencescansignificantlyaffectthestrengthofstructuralmembers.Membersdisplayingtheseadverseaffectsmayberehabilitatedusinganappropriateretrofitmethod.
Retrofittingistypicallydonefortworeasons:
rehabilitationorstrengthening.As
previouslydiscussed,rehabilitationisfixingthestructuraldeficienciesofadamaged
structureorstructuralmember.Thismaybenecessaryforagingmembersthatnolongerdisplaythestrengthoftheoriginaldesign.Strengtheningincreasestheload-carryingcapacityofas
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