杭州备战高考英语一模试题分类汇编阅读理解综合.docx
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杭州备战高考英语一模试题分类汇编阅读理解综合.docx
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杭州备战高考英语一模试题分类汇编阅读理解综合
一、高中英语阅读理解
1.阅读理解
ResearchersinAustraliahavediscoveredaneffectivenewmethodtocapturetheatmosphericcarbondioxidethatisdamagingourplanetandtransformitintosomethingsolid,makingitmucheasiertostore.
Carboncaptureisn'tnew,butpreviousmethodscallforthegastobecompressedintoliquidandtheninjectedunderground.Widespreadusageofthattechnologyhasbeenlockedbyeconomicandenvironmentalconcernsduetopossibleleaks.Instead,inastudypublishedinNatureCommunications,thegroupdetailstheirsustainableandcost-effectiveplanfortransformingCO2intocoal.
Thisnewprocessinvolvesaliquidmetalcatalyst(催化剂)thatisefficientinconductingelectricity.CO2gasisdissolvedinacontainerwithsomeliquid.Onceelectricitychargeisintroduced,theCO2beginstoturnintosolidpiecesofcarbon,whichcanbecollectedandstored.
Whatmakesthisparticularlyuniqueisthattheentireprocesscanoccuratroomtemperature.Previousexperimentshaveonlyshownagastosolidconversionatextremelyhightemperature,whichmadeitimpossibleonalargescale.Now,theresearchersarehopingthattheirworkwillbeusedtocreateevenfurtherwhenitcomestocarbonstorage.
Inaninterestingsidebenefit,thesolidcarbonalsoworksasanelectrode(焊条),whichopensupaworldofpossibilities."Asidebenefitoftheprocessisthatthecarboncanholdelectricalcharge,becomingasuperbattery,soitcouldpotentiallybeusedasapartinfuturevehicles,"explainsDr.DornaEstrafilzadeh,aresearcher."Theprocessalsoproducesfuelasaby-product,whichcouldalsohaveindustrialapplications."
(1)Whatcanweknowaboutthepreviouscarboncapturemethods?
A. Peoplehavetoinjectliquidtothegas.
B. Thepreviousmethodscanbedoneeasily.
C. Thepreviousmethodsarenotverypopular.
D. Peoplehavewidelyacceptedpreviousmethods.
(2)Whatisthespecialpartofthenewmethod?
A. Itneedselectricitytomaketheprocessefficient.
B. Itcanbedoneinanykindofcontainer.
C. Itdoesn'tneedextremetemperature.
D. Itcanproducemuchsolidcarbon.
(3)Whatcanweinferfromthelastparagraph?
A. Themethodwillmakefossiloildisappear.
B. Themethodwillinfluencethefutureindustry.
C. Themethodwillmakedevelopedcountriesmorepowerful.
D. Themethodwillbeusedtomakenewvehicles.
(4)Whatisthebesttitleforthepassage?
A. HowtochangecarbonintoCO2.
B. Anewcarboncapturetechnology.
C. Anewtechnologytogetusefulcarbon.
D. Australiamakestheworldcleanerthanbefore.
【答案】
(1)C
(2)C
(3)B
(4)B
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文,介绍了一种新的碳捕获技术的原理,优点和对未来工业的影响。
(1)考查细节理解。
根据第二段中的“Widespreadusageofthattechnologyhasbeenlockedbyeconomicandenvironmentalconcernsduetopossibleleaks.”可知之前技术的广泛应用受到了经济和环境方面的限制。
故选C。
(2)考查细节理解。
根据第四段中的“Whatmakesthisparticularlyuniqueisthattheentireprocesscanoccuratroomtemperature.”可知新技术独特的地方是整个过程可以在室温条件下进行。
故选C。
(3)考查推理判断。
根据最后一段中的“whichopensupaworldofpossibilities;itcouldpotentiallybeusedasapartinfuturevehicles和whichcouldalsohaveindustrialapplications”可知这种技术的产物开辟了很多新的可能,可以被变成超级电池为未来车辆供能,过程中的副产品可以作为燃料应用到工业中,由此推测该技术会对未来的工业产生巨大影响。
故选B。
(4)考查主旨大意。
根据第一段中的“ResearchersinAustraliahavediscoveredaneffectivenewmethodtocapturetheatmosphericcarbondioxide”和下文讲述的内容可知,本文主要介绍了一种新的碳捕获方法的原理和优点及其影响。
故选B。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解,推理判断和主旨大意三个题型的考查,是一篇科技类阅读,要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上,进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系,进行分析,推理,概括和归纳,从而选出正确答案。
2.阅读理解
Dearyoungpoets,TIMEForKidshasachallengeforyou:
WritearhymingpoemandenteritintheTFKPoetryContest.Itmustbeapoemthatdoesnotcopyanotherpoet'sworks.
Howtoenter:
Thiscontestwillbegin12pmonApril14,2019andwillend12pmonJune14,2019.Toenteronline,visitandfollowinstructionstosubmitthefollowing:
(a)anoriginalandpreviouslyunpublishedpoem;(b)theentrant'sfirstnameonlyande-mailaddress;(c)aparent'se-mailaddress.Limitoneentryperpersonore-mailaccount.
Judging:
AllentrieswillbejudgedbypoetKennNesbitt,basedonthefollowingcriteria:
creativityandoriginality(50%),useoflanguageandrhyme(25%)andappropriatenesstocontesttheme(25%).Winnerswillbenotifiedbye-mailduringthemonthofJulyandmustrespondwithinfivedays.
Eligibility(参赛资格):
OpentolegalcitizensoftheUnitedStateswhoareprimaryschoolstudentsandare8to13yearsoldattimeofentry.
Prizes:
Ourjudgewillselectfoursemifinalists,fromwhomonegrand-prizewinnerandthreefinalistswillbechosen.Theonegrand-prizewinnerwillreceiveanonlineclassvisitfromKennNesbitt.AllthesemifinalistswillreceiveasignedcopyofBigfootIsMissing,whichisworthabout$275.Thesemifinalists'poemswillbepublishedat.
(1)HowlongwillthePoetryContestlast?
A. Onemonth.
B. Twomonths.
C. Threemonths.
D. Fourmonths.
(2)WhatdoesthePoetryContestvaluemost?
A.Whetherthepoemisnovel.
B.Whetherthepoemishumorous.
C.Whetherthepoemiswritteninrhyme
D.Whetherthepoemissuitableforthecontesttheme.
(3)Whatcanthefinalistsget?
A.A$275bonus.
B.Anonlineclassvisit.
C.Thepositionofassistanteditor.
D.AsignedcopyofBigfootIsMissing.
【答案】
(1)B
(2)A
(3)D
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇应用文,介绍了一项由TIMEForKids举办的诗歌比赛:
如何参赛,如何评判,参赛者资格,如何评选获奖等相关信息。
(1)考查细节理解。
根据第二段中的“Thiscontestwillbegin12pmonApril14,2019andwillend12pmonJune14,2019.”本次比赛将于2019年4月14日下午12点开始,2019年6月14日下午12点结束。
可知,此次比赛历时2个月。
故选B。
(2)考查细节理解。
根据第三段中的“AllentrieswillbejudgedbypoetKennNesbitt,basedonthefollowingcriteria:
creativityandoriginality(50%),useoflanguageandrhyme(25%)andappropriatenesstocontesttheme(25%).”所有参赛作品将由诗人KennNesbitt根据以下标准进行评判:
创造力和原创性(50%),语言和韵律的使用(25%)和主题的适当性(25%)。
可知,创新性占据50%,可以推断出此次比赛看重创新性。
故选A。
(3)考查细节理解。
根据最后一段中的“AllthesemifinalistswillreceiveasignedcopyofBigfootIsMissing,whichisworthabout$275.Thesemifinalists'poemswillbepublishedat.”所有的半决赛选手都会收到一份签名版的《大脚怪》,价值约275美元。
半决赛选手的诗作将在上发表。
参加半决赛的选手包含决赛选手,故选D。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解题型的考查,是一篇介绍类阅读。
考生需要准确捕捉细节信息,并结合题目要求,从而选出正确答案。
3.阅读理解
AuniversityinNanjing,Jiangsuprovince,hasinstalledfacialrecognitionsystemsinclassroomstomonitorstudents'behavior,sparkingaheateddebateonline.ChinaPharmaceuticalUniversityrecentlyinstalledthesystemsintwopilotclassroomsaswellasschoolgates,dormitoryentrances,thelibraryandlaboratorybuildings.
XuJianzhen,directoroftheuniversity'slibraryandinformationcenter,toldTbePthatthesystemswillhelpteacherscheckstudentattendanceandmonitorbehaviorduringthelectures."Inthepast,somestudentsjustcheckedtheirattendanceandditchedtheclassoraskedotherstudentstochecktheattendanceforthem.Nowwithfacialrecognition,thatwouldnolongerbeaproblem,"hesaid."Themomentyouentertheclassroom,thecamerawillmonitoryouallthewaythroughandcantellhowlongyouloweryourhead,whetheryou'replayingwithasmartphone,whetheryou'redozingofforreadingotherbooks,"headded.
ThenewshasraisedwidedebateonChinesesocialmedia,withmanyquestioningifthecameraswillviolatestudents'privacy.ASinaWeibousersaid:
"Iopposesuchmethods,anditisnotclearwhetherthesystemsaredevelopedbytheschoolitselforbythirdparties.Ifitisthelatter,isthereanyregulationofsecurity?
Wherewilltheinformationbesentandstored?
"
GanXiangsi,aseniorstudentfromtheuniversity,saidshewelcomedthesystemsbeingappliedindormitoriesandlibrariesasthiscanhelppreventpersonalbelongingsbeingstolen,butitisnotnecessarytousesuchtechnologyintheclassroom."Iftheteacherteacheswell,thestudentswillbeinterested,"shesaid."Onthecontrary,thiskindofmonitoringwillmakeeveryonefeelresistant."
ChinaPharmaceuticalUniversityisnotthefirstuniversitytousefacialrecognitiontechnologyoncampus.Manyuniversitiesacrossthecountryhaveinstalledcamerasatcampusentrancestoensuresafety.Butmanyarealsohesitantwhenitcomestoapplyingsuchtechnologyinclassrooms.
"Thisissuehasbeendebatedforquitealongtime,"ChuZhaohui,aseniorresearcherattheNationalInstituteofEducationSciences,toldChinaNationalRadio.AccordingtoChu,teachersandstudentswhoareunderobservationmightnotbehaveastheynormallywouldsincetheyknowtheyarebeingwatched."Camerasshouldnotbeinstalledinclassroomsmerelyforeffectiveteachingpurposes,"Chusaid,asteachersarealsobeingobserved.Heagreedthat"students'privacyneedstobeprotected".Healsosaidthatnotputtingclassroomsundercontrolisanimportantprinciple."Ifyoudon'tfollowthisprinciple,studentswillfalsifyanddisguisetheirstateoflistening,andteachersmayalsonotperformaswell.Thenrealteachingwillnotoccur,"headded.
(1)WhichofthefollowingisNOTthefunctionoffacialrecognitionsystems?
A.Tohelpcheckstudentattendance.
B.Tohelpmonitorstudentbehavior.
C.Tohelpensurestudentsafety.
D.Tohelpprotectstudentprivacy
(2)Whatdoestheunderlinedword"ditch"inparagraph2mean?
A.abandon
B.attend
C.dislike
D.enjoy
(3)What'sChuZhaohui'sattitudetowardsinstallingcamerasinclassrooms?
A.favorable
B.indifferent
C.unfavorable
D.neutral
(4)What'sthewriter'spurposeofwritingthispassage?
A.Tointroducethefunctionoffacialrecognitionsystems.
B.Toexpresshispreferenceforfacialrecognitionsystems.
C.Toexpresshisstrongdislikeforfacialrecognitionsystems.
D.Tointroducepeople'sdifferentattitudestofacialrecogni
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