MBA专业术语汇总中英文.docx
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MBA专业术语汇总中英文.docx
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MBA专业术语汇总中英文
MBA专业术语汇总
A
Ability-to-payprinciple能力纳税原则
Theideathattaxesshouldbeleviedonapersonaccordingtohowwellthatpersoncanshouldertheburden
Absoluteadvantage绝对优势
Thecomparisonamongproducersofagoodaccordingtotheirproductivity
Aggregate-demandcurve总需求曲线
Acurvethatshowsthequantityofgoodsandservicesthathouseholds,firms,andthegovernmentwanttobuyatanypricelevel
Aggregate-supplycurve总供给曲线
Acurvethatshowsthequantityofgoodsandservicesthatfirmschoosetoproduceandsellatanylevel
Appreciation升值
Anincreaseinthevalueofacurrencyasmeasuredbytheamountofforeigncurrencyitcanbuy
Automaticstabilizers自动稳定器
Changesinfiscalpolicythatstimulateaggregatedemandwhentheeconomygoesintoarecessionwithoutpolicymakershavingtotakeanydeliberateaction
Averagefixedcost平均固定成本
Fixedcostsdividedbythequantityofoutput
Averagerevenue平均收益
Totalrevenuedividedbythequantitysold
Averagetaxrate平均税率
Totaltaxespaiddividedbytotalincome
Averagetotalcost平均总成本
Totalcostdividedbythequantityofoutput
Averagevariablecost平均可变成本
Variablescostsdividedbythequantityofoutput
Accelerator加速数
theeffectonGDPoftheincreaseininvestmentthatresultsfromanincreaseinoutput.Forinstance,thegreateroutputleadsafirmtobelievethatthedemandforitsproductswillriseinthefuture;theresultingincreaseininvestmentleadstogrowthinoutputandstillfurtherincreasesininvestment,acceleratingtheexpansionoftheeconomy
Acquiredendowments后天禀赋
resourcesacountrybuildsforitself,likeanetworkofroadsoraneducatedpopulation
Adaptiveexpectations适应性预期
expectationsbasedontheextrapolationofeventsintherecentpastintothefuture
aggregateexpendituresschedule总支出曲线
acurvethattracesouttherelationshipbetweenexpenditures--thesumofconsumption,investment,governmentexpenditures,andnetexports--andthenationalincome,atafixedpricelevel
antitrustlaws反托拉斯法
lawsthatdiscouragemonopolyandrestrictivepracticesandencouragegreatercompetition
arbitrage套利
theprocessbywhichassetswithcomparablerisk,liquidity,andtaxtreatmentarepricedtoyieldcomparableexpectedreturns
adverseselection逆向选择
principlethatsaysthatthosewhomostwanttobuyinsurancetendtobethosemostatrisk,butchargingahighpriceforinsurance(tocoverthehighrisk)willdiscouragethoseatlessriskfrombuyinginsuranceatall
asset资产
anyitemthatislong-lived,purchasedfortheserviceitrendersoveritslifeandforwhatonewillreceivewhenonesellsit
assistanceinkind实物援助
publicassistancethatprovidesparticulargoodsandservices,likefoodormedicalcare,ratherthancash
asymmetricinformation信息不对称
asituationinwhichthepartiestoatransactionhavedifferentinformation,aswhenthesellerorausedcarhasmoreinformationaboutitsqualitythenthebuyer
autonomousconsumption自主消费
thatpartofconsumptionthatdoesnotdependonincome
averagecosts平均成本
thetotalcostsdividedbythetotaloutput
averageproductivity平均产量
totalquantitydividedbythetotalquantityofinput
B
Benefitsprinciple受益原则
Theideathatpeopleshouldpaytaxesbasedonthebenefitstheyreceivefromgovernmentservices
Bond债券
Acertificateofindebtedness
Budgetconstraint预算约束
Thelimitontheconsumptionbundlesthataconsumercanafford
Budgetdeficit预算赤字
Anexcessofgovernmentspendingovergovernmentreceipts
Budgetsurplus预算盈余
Anexcessofgovernmentreceiptsovergovernmentspendin
barrierstoentry进入障碍
factorsthatpreventfirmsfromenteringamarket,suchasgovernmentrulesorpatents
basiccompetitivemodel基本竞争模型
themodeloftheeconomythatpullstogethertheassumptionsofself-interestedconsumers,profitmaximizingfirms,andperfectlycompetitivemarkets
bequestsavingsmotive储蓄的遗产动机
peoplesavesothattheycanleaveaninheritancetotheirchildren
Bertrandcompetition伯特兰竞争
anoligopolyinwhicheachfirmbelievesthatitsrivalsarecommittedtokeepingtheirpricesfixedandthatcustomerscanbeluredawaybyofferinglowerprices
bilateraltrade双边贸易
tradebetweentwoparties
boom繁荣
aperiodoftimewhenresourcesarebeingfullyusedandGDPisgrowingsteadily
C
Capital资本
Theequipmentandstructuresusedtoproducegoodsandservices
Capitalflight资本外流
Alargeandsuddenreductioninthedemandforassetslocatedinacountry
Cartel卡特尔
Agroupoffirmsactinginunison
Catch-upeffect追赶效应
Thepropertythatcountriesthatstartoffpoortendtogrowmorerapidlythancountriesthatstartoffrich
Centralbank中央银行
Aninstitutiondesignedtooverseethebankingsystemandregulatethequantityofmoneyintheeconomy
Ceterisparibus其它条件相同
ALatinphrase,translatedas'otherthingsbeingequal,'usedasareminderthatallvariablesotherthantheonesbeingstudiedareassumedtobeconstant
Circular-flowdiagram循环流向图
Avisualmodeloftheeconomythatshowshowdollarsflowthroughmarketsamonghouseholdsandfirms
Classicaldichotomy古典二分法
Thetheoreticalseparationofnominalandrealvariables
Closedeconomy封闭经济
Aneconomythatdoesnotinteractwithothereconomiesintheworld
Coasetheorem科斯定理
Thepropositionthatifprivatepartiescanbargainwithoutcostovertheallocationofresources,theycansolvetheproblemofexternalitiesontheirown
Collectivebargaining集体谈判
Theprocessbywhichunionsandfirmsagreeonthetermsofemployment
Collusion勾结
Anagreementamongfirmsinamarketaboutquantitiestoproduceorpricestocharge
Commoditymoney商品货币
Moneythattakestheformofacommoditywithintrinsicvalue
Commonresources共有资源
Goodsthatarerivalbutnotexcludable
Comparableworth同工同酬
Adoctrineaccordingtowhichjobsdeemedcomparableshouldbepaidthesamewage
Comparativeadvantage比较优势
Thecomparisonamongproducersofagoodaccordingtotheiropportunitycost
Compensatingwagedifferential补偿性工资差别
Adifferenceinwagesthatarisestooffsetthenonmonetarycharacteristicsofdifferentjobs
Competitivemarket竞争市场
Amarketwithmanybuyersandsellerstradingidenticalproductssothateachbuyerandsellerisapricetaker
Complements互补品
Twogoodsforwhichanincreaseinthepriceofonegoodleadstoadecreaseinthedemandfortheothergood
Constantreturnstoscale规模收益不变
Thepropertythatlong-runaveragetotalcoststaysthesameasthequantityofoutputchanges
Consumerpriceindex消费物价指数
Ameasureoftheoverallcostofthegoodsandservicesboughtbyatypicalconsumer
Consumersurplus消费者剩余
Abuyer'swillingnesstopayminustheamountthebuyeractuallypays
Consumption消费
Spendingbyhouseholdsongoodsandservices,withtheexceptionofpurchasesofnewhousing
Cost成本
Thevalueofeverythingasellermustgiveuptoproduceagood
Cost-benefitanalysis成本—收益分析
Astudythatcomparesthecostsandbenefitstosocietyofprovidingapublicgood
Crowding-outeffect挤出效应Theoffsetinaggregatedemandthatresultswhenexpansionaryfiscalpolicyraisestheinterestrateandtherebyreducesinvestmentspending
Currency通货
Thepaperbillsandcoinsinthehandsofthepublic
Cyclicalunemployment周期性失业
Thedeviationofunemploymentfromitsnaturalrate
capitalgain资本增值
theincreaseinthevalueofanassetbetweenthetimeitispurchasedandthetimeitissold
capitalmarket资本市场
themarketinwhichsavingsaremadeavailabletoinvestors
categoricalassistance分类帮助
publicassistanceaimedataparticularcategoryofpeople,liketheelderlyorthedisabled
causation因果关系
relationshipthatresultswhenanchangeinonevariableisnotonlycorrelatedwithbutactuallycausesthechangeinanotherone
centralplanning中央计划
thesysteminwhichcentralgovernmentbureaucrats(asopposedtoprivateentrepreneursorevenlocalgovernmentbureaucrats)determinewhatwillbeproducedanhowitwillbeproduced
centralization集权
organizationalstructureinwhichdecisionmakingisconcentratedatthetop
centrallyplannedeconomy中央计划经济
aneconomyinwhichmostdecisionsaboutresourceallocationaremadebythecentralgovernment
certificateofdeposit(CD)存单
accountinwhichmoneyisdepositedforapresetlengthoftime,thatmustyieldaslightlyhigherreturntocompensateforthereducedliquidity
circularflow循环流程
howfundsmovethroughthecapital,labor,andproductmarketsbetweenhouseholds,firms,thegovernment,andtheforeignsector
classicaleconomists古典经济学家
economistsprevalentbeforetheGreatDepressionwhobelievedthatthebasiccompetitivemodelprovidedagooddescriptionoftheeconomyandthatifshortperiodsofunemploymentdidoccur,marketforceswouldquicklyrestoretheeconomytofullemployment
classicalunemployment古典失业
unemploymentthatresultsfromtoo-highrealwages;itoccursinthesupplyconstrainedequilibrium,sothatrightwardsshiftsinaggregatesupplyreducethelevelofunemployment
competitiveequilibriumprice竞争性均衡价格
thepriceatwhichthequantitysuppliedandthequantitydemandedareequaltoeachother
consumerprotectionlegislation消费者保护法
lawsaimedatprotectingconsumers,forinstancebyassuringthatconsumershavemorecompleteinformationaboutitemstheyareconsideringbuying
consumersovereignty消费者权益
theprinciplethatholdsthateachindividualisthebestjudgeofwhatmakeshimbetteroff
consumptionfunction消费函数
therelationshipbetweendisposableincomeandconsumption
contingencyclauses应变条款
statementswithinacontractthatmakethelevelofpaymentortheworktobeperformedconditionaluponvariousfactors
corporateincometax公司所得税
atax
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