Model Test 2 Band 4大学英语四级模拟题.docx
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Model Test 2 Band 4大学英语四级模拟题.docx
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ModelTest2Band4大学英语四级模拟题
ModelTest2,Band4
PartIWriting(30minutes)
Directions:
Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteacompositiononthetopic:
CityProblems.Youshouldwriteatleast150words,followingtheoutlinegivenbelowinChinese:
1.越来越多的人涌人大城市,有些问题随之产生
2.比较明显的问题有……
3.我对这种现象的想法
CityProblems
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PartIIReadingComprehension(SkimmingandScanning)(15minutes)
Directions:
Inthispart,youwillhave15minutestogooverthepassagequicklyandanswerthequestionson.Forquestions1-7,choosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarked[A],[B],[C]and[D].Forquestions8-10,completethesentenceswiththeinformationgiveninthepassage.
Paper--MorethanMeetstheEye
Wearesurroundedbysomuchpaperandcardthatitiseasytoforgetjusthowcomplexitis.Therearemanyvarietiesandgradesofpapermaterials,andwhilstitisfairlyeasytospotthevarieties,itisfarmoredifficulttospotthegrades.
Itneedstobeunderstoodthatmostpaperandcardismanufacturedforaspecificpurpose,sothatwhilstthecorn-flakepacketmaylooksmart,itisclearlynotsomethingdestinedforthearchives.Itismadetolookgood,butonlyneedsalimitedlifespan.Itisalsomuchcheapertomanufacturethanhighgradecard.
Papercanbemadefromanalmostendlessvarietyofcellulose-basedmaterialwhichwillincludemanywoods,cottonsandgrassesorwhichpapyrusisanexampleandfromwherewegettheword"paper".Manyoftheseareveryspecialized,butthesuperiorityofpapermaterialshasbeenfromsoftwoodandcottonorrags,withthebulkbeingwood-based.
PaperfromWood
Inordertomakewoodintopaperitneedstobebrokendownintofinestrands.Firstlybypowerfulmachineryandthenboiledwithstrongalkaliessuchascausticsoda,untilafinepulpofcellulosefibersisproduced.Itisfromthispulpthatthefinalproductismade,relyingonthebondingtogetherofthecelluloseintolayers.That,inaverysmallnutshell,istheessenceofpapermakingfromwood.However,therealityisrathermorecomplicated.Inordertogiveusourwhitepaperandcard,themakerswilladdbleachandothermaterialssuchaschinaclayandadditionalchemicals.
Afurtherproblemwithwoodisthatitcontainsamaterialthatisnotcellulose.Somethingcalledlignin.Thisisessentialforthetreesinceitholdsthecellulosefibrestogether,butifitisincorporatedintothemanufacturedpaperitpresentsarchivistswithaproblem.Lignineventuallybreaksdownandreleasesacidproductsintothepaper.Thiswillweakenthebondbetweenthecellulosefibersandthepaperwillbecomebrittleandlookratherbrownandcareworn.Wehaveallseenthisinoldnewspapersandcheappaperbackbooks.Ithasbeenestimatedthatmostpaperbackbookswillhavealifeofnotgreaterthanfiftyyears.Notwhatweneedforourarchives.
Sincethelignincanberemovedfromthepaperpulpduringmanufacture,theobviousquestionis"whyisitleftinthepaper?
"Theanswerliesinthefactthatligninmakesupaconsiderablepartofthetree.Byleavingthelignininthepulpapapermakercanincreasehispaperyieldfromatreetosome95%.Removingitmeansayieldofonly35%.Itisclearlyuneconomictoremovetheligninformanypaperandcardapplications.
Italsomeans,ofcourse,thatlignin-freepaperisgoingtobemoreexpensive,butthatisneverthelesswhatthearchivistmustlookforinhissupplies.Thereisnopointwhatsoeverincarefullyplacingourvaluableartifactsinpaperorcardthatisgoingtohastentheirdemise.Acidisparticularlyharmfultophotographicmaterials,causingthemtofadeandissomecasessimplyvanish!
So,howdowetellapieceofsuitablepaperorcardfromonethatisunsuitable?
Youcannotdoitbysimplylooking,andratherdisappointingly,youcannotalwaysrelyonthelabel."Acid-free"mightbetrueinasmuchasatestonthepapermayindicatethatitisaneutralmaterialatthistime.Butlignincantakeyearsbeforeitstartstheinevitableprocessofbreakingdown,andintherightconditionsitwillspeedupenormously.
Addedtothis,asIhaveindicatedearlier,papermayalsocontainothermaterialsaddedduringmanufacturesuchasbleach,chinaclay,chemicalwhitenersandsize.Thislookslikeableakpicture,anditwouldbebutforthefactthattherearesupplierswhowillguaranteethematerialthattheysell.Ifyouwanttobeabsolutelysurethatyouarestoringin,orprintingon,thecorrectmaterialthenthisisprobablytheonlyway.
Incidentally,acidscanmigratefrommaterialtomaterial.Liningoldshoeboxeswithgoodqualityacid-freepaperwilldolittletoguardthecontents.Theacidwillgetthereintheend.
PaperfromRag
Paperisalsocommonlymadefromcottonandragwaste.Thishastheadvantageofbeinglignin-free,butbecausethereismuchlesscottonandragthantrees,italsotendstobemuchmoreexpensivethanwoodpulppaper.Youwillstillneedtopurchasefromareliablesourcethough,sinceevenragpaperandcardcancontainundesirableadditives.
Areliablesourceforqualityragpapersisarecognizedartstockiest.Manywatercolorartistsinsistonusingonlyfinequalityragpaperandboard.
Themainlessontolearnfromthisinformationisthatyoucannotrelyonpurchasingarchivalmaterialsfromthehighstreet.Theonlysafesolutionistopurchasefromspecialistsuppliers.Itmaycostrathermore,butintheendyouwillknowthatyourimportantandvaluabledataandimageshavethebesthomepossible.
1.Thecorn-flakepacketischeaperthan________.
[A]highgradecard
[B]middlegradecard
[C]lowgradecard
[D]anygradecard
2.Therearealotofmaterialswhichcanbeusedformakingpaper,butthesuperiorityonesare________.
[A]woods,cottonsandgrasses
[B]softwoodandcotton
[C]softwood,cottonandrags
[D]cottonsandgrasses
3.Duringthewholemanufacturingprocess,thefinalproductismadefrom________.
[A]strongalkalies
[B]causticsoda
[C]cellulosefibres
[D]apulpofcellulosefibres
4.Inordertomakewhitepaperandcard,themakerswilladd________.
[A]albescent
[B]bleach
[C]escharotic
[D]lysozyme
5.________isessentialforthetreebutitwillmakepapereasytobreak.
[A]Acid
[B]Alkali
[C]Cellulosefibres
[D]Liguin
6.Manypaperproducerswillpreserveligninduringmanufacture,because________.
[A]leavingtheligninwilldecreasehispaperyield
[B]leavingtheligninwillincreasepaperyield
[C]liguinisveryusefulintheprocess
[D]ligninisessentialformakingpaper
7.________isparticularlyharmfultophotographicmaterials,
[A]Liguin
[B]Bleach
[C]Acid
[D]Chemicalwhiteners
8.Incidentally,acidscanmigratefrommaterialto___________.
9.Althoughfreeoflignin,papermadefromcottonandragwastecanalsocostmoremoneythanwoodpulppaperbecause___________.
10.Whatwecanlearnfrom"PaperfromRag"isthatyouhadbetterbuyarchivalmaterialsfrom___________.
PartIIIListeningComprehension(35minutes)
SectionA
11.[A]Themanwasconfusedaboutthedateoftheappointment.
[B]Themanwantstochangethedateoftheappointment.
[C]Themanisgladhe’sgotintouchwiththedoctor.
[D]Themancan’tcomefortheappointmentat4:
15.
12.[A]Waitforhimuntilhefinisheshisclass.
[B]InviteJudietoplayinstead.
[C]Cancelthegameandstayathome.
[D]Gotoattendtheclasswithhim.
13.[A]Shewasconsiderate.
[B]Shewasunforgiving.
[C]Shewasapologetic.
[D]Shewassympathetic.
14.[A]Itistotallydifferentthistime.
[B]Ithasnothingtodowiththetextbook.
[C]Mostofthequestionsaren’tfromthetextbook.
[D]Halfofthequestionsareinthetextbook.
15.[A]Hecan’taffordtobuytheticket.
[B]Heneedsabreakfromthemathproblem.
[C]Hedoesn’twanttogototheopera.
[D]He’llmeetthewomanwhenhehasfinishedthemathproblem.
16.[A]ProfessorHarrisondoesn’tteachwell.
[B]Thewomandoesn’thavetoborrownotesfromJim.
[C]Jim’snotesaregoodforthewomantoborrow.
[D]Thewomanshouldn’thavebeenabsent-mindedinthelecture.
17.[A]Shewouldmarktheexampapersherself.
[B]Shewouldnotgiveherstudentsanexam.
[C]Shewouldcollecttheexampapersherself.
[D]Herteachingassistantwouldgradetheexampapers.
18.[A]He’seagertostarthisnewjob.
[B]Hisjobstartsearlynextweek.
[C]Hebelievesthejobinterviewwentwell.
[D]Hisprofessorwasmistakenaboutthejob.
Questions19to22arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.
19.[A]Thecountry.
[B]Anothercountry.
[C]Cornfield.
[D]Birmingham.
20.[A]Hemightgethispassport.
[B]Hemightgetsomemoneyandclothes.
[C]Hemightmakehimselfarmed.
[D]Hemightmakeacall.
21.[A]Hewillmeetherinanothercountry.
[B]Theywillgotoanothercountrytogether.
[C]Hewillleaveherinthecountry.
[D]Hewillappearsomewherenearher.
22.[A]Byair.
[B]Bycar.
[C]Bysea.
[D]Bytrain.
Questions23to25arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.
23.[A]Theylefttheirpetswithneighbors.
[B]Theyrentedtheirhousetoastudent.
[C]Theyhiredsomeonetostayintheirhome.
[D]Theyaskedtheirgardenertowatchtheirhouse.
24.[A]Theylookatahousesitter’sscorereport.
[B]Theyinterviewahousesitter’sfriends.
[C]Theycheckahousesitter’sreferences.
[D]Theyattendahousesitter’sparty.
25.[A]Thehomeownerisafraidofbeingaccused.
[B]Thehousesitterpleadsagain
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- Model Test Band 4大学英语四级模拟题 大学 英语四 模拟