质量管理常用英语汇总英文版doc 27页.docx
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质量管理常用英语汇总英文版doc 27页.docx
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质量管理常用英语汇总英文版doc27页
质量管理常用英语汇总(英文版)(doc27页)
ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZQuirkyQualityDictionary
A
AcademicQualityImprovementProject(AQIP):
Aforumforinstitutionstorevieweachother'sactionprojects.
Acceptablequalitylevel(AQL):
Inacontinuingseriesoflots,aqualitylevelthat,forthepurposeofsamplinginspection,isthelimitofsatisfactoryprocessaverage.
Acceptancenumber:
Themaximumnumberofdefectsordefectivesallowableinasamplinglotforthelottobeacceptable.
Acceptancesampling:
Inspectionofasamplefromalottodecidewhethertoacceptthatlot.Therearetwotypes:
attributessamplingandvariablessampling.Inattributessampling,thepresenceorabsenceofacharacteristicisnotedineachoftheunitsinspected.Invariablessampling,thenumericalmagnitudeofacharacteristicismeasuredandrecordedforeachinspectedunit;thisinvolvesreferencetoacontinuousscaleofsomekind.
Acceptancesamplingplan:
Aspecificplanthatindicatesthesamplingsizesandassociatedacceptanceornonacceptancecriteriatobeused.Inattributessampling,forexample,therearesingle,double,multiple,sequential,chainandskip-lotsamplingplans.Invariablessampling,therearesingle,doubleandsequentialsamplingplans.(Fordetaileddescriptionsoftheseplans,seethestandardANSI/ISO/ASQA3534-2,Statistics—VocabularyandSymbols—StatisticalQualityControl.)
Accreditation:
Certificationbyadulyrecognizedbodyofthefacilities,capability,objectivity,competenceandintegrityofanagency,service,oroperationalgrouporindividualtoprovidethespecificserviceoroperationneeded.
Accuracy:
Thecharacteristicofameasurementthattellshowcloseanobservedvalueistoatruevalue.
Actionplan:
Aspecificmethodorprocesstoachievetheresultscalledforbyoneormoreobjectives.Maybeasimplerversionofaprojectplan.
Activitynetworkdiagram:
Anarrowdiagramusedinplanningandmanagingprocessesandprojects.
AdvancedProductQualityPlanning(APQP):
SegmentofQS-9000processthatusestoolstooffertheopportunitytogetaheadofproblemsandsolvethembeforetheproblemsaffectthecustomer.
Affinitydiagram:
Amanagementtoolusedtoorganizeinformation(usuallygatheredduringabrainstormingactivity).
Alignment:
Theactionstakentoensureaprocessoractivitysupportstheorganization'sstrategy,goalsandobjectives.
AmericanAssociationforLaboratoryAccreditation(A2LA):
Anorganizationthatformallyrecognizesanotherorganization'scompetencytoperformspecifictests,typesoftestsorcalibrations.
AmericanCustomerSatisfactionIndex(ACSI):
ReleasedforthefirsttimeinOctober1994,aneconomicindicatorandcrossindustrymeasureofthesatisfactionofU.S.householdcustomerswiththequalityofthegoodsandservicesavailabletothem—boththosegoodsandservicesproducedwithintheUnitedStatesandthoseprovidedasimportsfromforeignfirmsthathavesubstantialmarketsharesordollarsales.TheACSIisco-sponsoredbytheUniversityofMichiganBusinessSchool,ASQandtheCFIGroup.
AmericanNationalStandardsInstitute(ANSI):
ANSIisaprivate,nonprofitorganizationthatadministersandcoordinatestheU.S.voluntarystandardizationandconformityassessmentsystem.ItistheUnitedStates'memberbodyintheInternationalOrganizationforStandardization,knownasISO.
AmericanSocietyforNondestructiveTesting(ASNT):
Theworld'slargesttechnicalsocietyfornondestructivetesting(NDT)professionals.
AmericanSocietyforQuality(ASQ):
Aprofessional,not-for-profitassociationthatdevelops,promotesandappliesqualityrelatedinformationandtechnologyfortheprivatesector,governmentandacademia.TheSocietyservesmorethan108,000individualsand1,100corporatemembersintheUnitedStatesand108othercountries.
AmericanSocietyforQualityControl(ASQC):
NameoftheSocietyfrom1946throughthemiddleof1997;thenchangedtoASQ.
AmericanSocietyforTestingandMaterials(ASTM):
Not-for-profitorganizationthatprovidesaforumforthedevelopmentandpublicationofvoluntaryconsensusstandardsformaterials,products,systemsandservices.
AmericanSocietyforTrainingandDevelopment(ASTD):
Amembershiporganizationprovidingmaterials,educationandsupportrelatedtoworkplacelearningandperformance.
Americanstandardcodeforinformationinterchange(ASCII):
BasiccomputercharactersacceptedbyallAmericanmachinesandmanyforeignones.
Analysisofmeans(ANOM):
Astatisticalprocedurefortroubleshootingindustrialprocessesandanalyzingtheresultsofexperimentaldesignswithfactorsatfixedlevels.Itprovidesagraphicaldisplayofdata.EllisR.Ottdevelopedtheprocedurein1967becauseheobservedthatnonstatisticianshaddifficultyunderstandinganalysisofvariance.Analysisofmeansiseasierforqualitypractitionerstousebecauseitisanextensionofthecontrolchart.In1973,EdwardG.Schillingfurtherextendedtheconcept,enablinganalysisofmeanstobeusedwithnon-normaldistributionsandattributesdatawherethenormalapproximationtothebinomialdistributiondoesnotapply.Thisisreferredtoasanalysisofmeansfortreatmenteffects.
Analysisofvariance(ANOVA):
Abasicstatisticaltechniqueforanalyzingexperimentaldata.Itsubdividesthetotalvariationofadatasetintomeaningfulcomponentpartsassociatedwithspecificsourcesofvariationinordertotestahypothesisontheparametersofthemodelortoestimatevariancecomponents.Therearethreemodels:
fixed,randomandmixed.
Appraisalcost:
Thecostinvolvedinensuringanorganizationiscontinuallystrivingtoconformtocustomers'qualityrequirements.
Arrowdiagram:
Aplanningtooltodiagramasequenceofeventsoractivities(nodes)andtheinterconnectivityofsuchnodes.Itisusedforschedulingandespeciallyfordeterminingthecriticalpaththroughnodes.
AS9100:
AninternationalqualitymanagementstandardfortheaerospaceindustrypublishedbytheSocietyofAutomotiveEngineers;alsopublishedbyotherorganizationsworldwide,asEN9100inEuropeandJISQ9100inJapan.ThestandardiscontrolledbytheInternationalAerospaceQualityGroup(seelisting).
Assessment:
Asystematicprocessofcollectingandanalyzingdatatodeterminethecurrent,historicalorprojectedstatusofanorganization.
Assignablecause:
Anameforthesourceofvariationinaprocessthatisnotduetochanceandthereforecanbeidentifiedandeliminated.Alsocalled"specialcause."
AssociationforQualityandParticipation(AQP):
AffiliateorganizationoftheAmericanSocietyforQuality(ASQ)dedicatedtoimprovingworkplacesthroughqualityandparticipationpractices.
Attributedata:
Go/no-goinformation.Thecontrolchartsbasedonattributedataincludepercentchart,numberofaffectedunitschart,countchart,countperunitchart,qualityscorechartanddemeritchart.
Attributes,methodof:
Measurementofqualitybythemethodofattributesconsistsofnotingthepresence(orabsence)ofsomecharacteristic(attribute)ineachoftheunitsunderconsiderationandcountinghowmanyunitsdo(ordonot)possessit.Example:
go/no-gogaugingofadimension.
Audit:
Theinspectionandexaminationofaprocessorqualitysystemtoensurecompliancetorequirements.Anauditcanapplytoanentireorganizationormaybespecifictoafunction,processorproductionstep.
AutomotiveIndustryActionGroup(AIAG):
TheoriginatorandsolesourceoftheQS-9000seriesofstandards.ASQ'sAutomotiveDivisionmaintainsaliaisontothisgroup.
Availability:
Theabilityofaproducttobeinastatetoperformitsdesignatedfunctionunderstatedconditionsatagiventime.
Averagechart:
Acontrolchartinwhichthesubgroupaverage,X-bar,isusedtoevaluatethestabilityoftheprocesslevel.
UnitedStatesandwasafounderofTechnometrics,publishedbyASQandtheAmericanStatisticalAssociation.AprofessorattheUniversityofWisconsin,BoxisanHonoraryMemberofASQ.
Brainstorming:
Atechniqueteamsusetogenerateideasonaparticularsubject.Eachpersonintheteamisaskedtothinkcreativelyandwritedownasmanyideasaspossible.Theideasarenotdiscussedorrevieweduntilafterthebrainstormingsession.
Breakthroughimprovement:
Adynamic,decisivemovementtoanew,higherlevelofperformance.
Brumbaugh,MartinA.(deceased):
ThefounderandfirsteditorofIndustrialQualityControlmagazine.AformerprofessorofstatisticsattheUniversityofBuffalo,Brumbaughpublishedregularlyonappliedstatistics.Brumbaughwasinstrumentalingettingtwoseparatequalityorganizations—theFederatedSocietiesandtheSocietyforQualityControl—mergedintoonenationalorganization:
ASQ(thenASQC).BrumbaughwasanASQHonoraryMember.
BS7799:
Britishcommerce,governmentandindustrystakeholderswroteBS7799toaddressinformationsecuritymanagementissues,includingfraud,industrialespionageandphysicaldisaster.MaybecomeISOstandard.
Businessprocessreengineering(BPR):
Theconcentrationontheimprovementofbusinessprocessesthatwilldeliveroutputsthatwillachieveresultsmeetingthefirm'sobjectives,prioritiesandmission.
Returntotop
C
Cchart:
See"countchart."
Calibration:
Thecomparisonofameasurementinstrumentorsystemofunverifiedaccuracytoameasurementinstrumentorsystemofknownaccuracytodetectanyvariationfromtherequiredperformancespecification.
Capabilitymaturitymodel:
Aframeworkthatdescribesthekeyelementsofaneffectivesoftwareprocess.It'sanevolutionaryimprovementpathfromanimmatureprocesstoamature,disciplinedprocess.TheCMMcoverspracticesforplanning
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