英语五个基本句式.docx
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英语五个基本句式.docx
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英语五个基本句式
英语五个基本句式
从英语的句子结构上说,除了修饰名词的定语和修饰动词的状语外,在千变万化的句子中可归纳为五个基本句式,一般地说,某些动词用在某一句式中,下面笔者把这些句型和常用的动词进行归类,供你参考。
1.S(主)+Vi(不及物动词)(谓)
Timeflies.
1)S+V+adverbial(状语)
Birdssingbeautifully.
2)S+Vi+prepPhrase(介词短语)
Hewentonholiday.
3)S+Vi+Infinitive(不定式)
Westoppedtohavearest.
4)S+Vi+Participle(分词)
I'llgoswimming.
2.S(主)+Vt(及物动词)(谓)+O(宾)
WelikeEnglish.
1)S+VT+N/Pron
Ilikemusic.
Ilikeher.
2)S+VT+infinitive(不定式)
Iwanttohelphim.
常用于这句型的动词有:
attempt,dare,decide,desire,expect,hope,intend,learn,need,offer,pretend,promise,propose,purpose,refuse,want,wish等。
3)S+VT+Wh-Word+Infinitive
Idon'tknowwhattodo.
常用于这句型的动词有:
ask,consider,decide,discover,explain,findout,forget,guess,inquire,know,learn,observe,remember,see,settle,tell,think,understand,wonder等。
4)S+VT+Gerund
Ienjoylivinghere.
常用于这句型的动词有:
admit,advise,avoid,consider,defend,enjoy,excuse,finish,forbid,mind,miss,practise,risk,suggest,giveup,can'thelp等。
5)S+VT+That-clause
Idon'tthink(that)heisright.
常用于这句型的动词有:
Admit,believe,command,confess,declare,demand,deny,doubt,expect,explain,feel(觉得),hear(听说),hope,imagine,intend,know,mean,mind(当心),notice,propose,request,report,say,see(看出),show,suggest,suppose,think,understand,wish,wonder(觉得奇怪)。
3.S(主)+V(谓)(lv)(系动词)+P(表)
WeareChinese.
除了be系动词外,还有一些动词也可以用作系动词,1)表感官的动词,feel,smell,taste,sound,look,appear,seem等。
2)表转变变化的动词,become,get,grow,turn,go,等。
3)表延续的动词remain,keep,seem,hold,stay,rest等。
4)表瞬时的动词come,fall,set,cut,occur等5)其他动词eat,lie,prove,ring,run,shine,sit,stand,continue,hang等。
1)S+Lv+N/Pron(名词/代词)
Heisaboy.
Thisismine.
2)S+Lv+Adj(形容词)
Sheisbeautiful.
3)S+Lv+Adv(副词)
Classisover.
4)S+Lv+PrepPhrase
Heisingoodhealth.
5)S+Lv+Participle(分词)
Heisexcited.
Thefilmisinteresting.
4.S(主)+VT(谓)+InO(间接宾)+DO(直接宾)
Igiveyouhelp.
1)S+VT+N/Pron+N
Isenthimabook.
IboughtMayabook.
2)S+VT+N/Pron+To/for-phrase
Hesentabooktome.
Heboughtacoatforme.
间接宾语前需要加to的常用动词有:
allow,bring,deny,do(带来),give,grant,hand,leave,lend,offer,owe,pass,pay,permit,promise,read,refuse,render,restore,sell,send,show,teach,tellwish,write等。
间接宾语前需要加for的常用动词有:
bring,buy,cash,choose,fetch,get,leave,make,order,paint,play(演奏),save,sing,spare等。
5.S(主)+VT(谓)+O(宾)+OC(宾补)
Imakeyouclear.
1)S+VT+N/Pron+N
WenamedourbabyTom.
常用于这句型的动词有:
appoint,call,choose,elect,entitle,find,make,name,nominate(命名)。
2)S+VT+N/Pron+Adj
Hepaintedthewallwhite.
常用于这句型的动词有:
beat,boil,cut,drive,find,get,hold,keep,leave,like,make,paint,see,set,turn,want,wash,wipe,wish等。
3)S+VT+N/Pron+PrepPhrase
Shealwayskeepseverythingingoodorder.
4)S+VT+N/Pron+Infinitive
Iwishyoutostay.
Imadehimwork
常用于这句型的动词有:
a)不定式带to的词:
advice,allow,ask,beg,cause,choose,command,decide,encourage,expect,force,get,hate,invite,know,leave,like,love,order,permit,persuade,prefer,remain,request,teach,tell,want,warn,wish等。
b)不定式不带to的词:
feel,have,hear,know,let,listento,lookat,make,notice,see,watch等。
5)S+VT+N/Pron+Participle(分词)
Iheardmynamecalled.
Ifeelsomethingmoving.
常用于这句型的动词有:
catch,feel,find,get,have,hear,imagine,keep,leave,listento,lookat,notice,observe,perceive,see,set,smell,start,watch等。
6)S+VT+N/Pron+Wh-word+Infinitive
Heshowmehowtodoit.
常用于这句型的动词有:
advise,ask,inform,show,teach,tell等。
7)S+VT+N/Pron+That-clause
Hetoldmethatthefilmwasgreat.
常用于这句型的动词有:
assure,inform,promise,remind,teach,tell,warm等。
8)S+VT+N/Pron+Wh-Clause
Heaskedmewhatheshoulddo.
常用于这句型的动词有:
Advise,ask,inform,show,teach,tell.
英语常用句型
初学英语的人常常感到在掌握一些英语单词和基本语法后,在英语说和写方面还是很难表达自己,笔者认为其中一个原因是没有掌握一些英语句型,只有掌握了一些句型才能比较正确、完整地表达自己。
下面是笔者收集的一些常用句型。
1.否定句型
1)一般否定句
Idon'tknowthis.Nonewsisgoodnews.
Thereisnoperson(smoke)/notaperson/notanyperson(smoke)inthehouse.
2)特指否定
Hewenttohisoffice,nottoseehim.
Iamsorryfornotcomingontime.
Idon'tthink/believe/suppose/feel/imagineyouareright.
3)部分否定
Alltheanswersarenotright
Allisnotgoldthatglitters
Idon'tknowallofthem.
Ican'tseeeverybody/everything.
Bothofthemarenotright.
4)全体否定
Noneofmyfriendssmoke.
Icanseenothing/nobody.
Neitherofthemisright.
Nothingcanbesosimpleasthis.
5)延续否定
Youdidn'tseehim,neither/nordidI.
Youdon'tknow,Idon'tknoweither.
Hedoesn'tknowEnglish,letalone/tosaynothingof/nottospeakof(更不用说)French.
6)半否定句
Weseldom/hardly/scarcely/barelyhearsuchfinesinging.
IknowlittleEnglish.Isawfewpeople.
7)双重否定
Youcan'tmakesomethingoutofnothing.
What'sdonecannotbeundone.
Thereisnosweetwithoutsweat.
Nogainwithoutpains.
Ican'thelp/keep/laughingwheneverIhearit.
Nomanissooldbut(that)hecanlearn.
8)排除否定
Everyoneisreadyexceptyou.
Hedidnothingbutplay.
Butforyourhelp,Icouldn'tdoit.
9)加强否定
Iwon'tdoitatall.
Ican'tseeitanymore.
Heisnolongeraboy.
2.判断句型
1)一般判断句
ItisimportantforustolearnEnglish.
Itiskindofyoutohelpme
sinceremeanshonest.
Theboyiscalled/namedTom.
Weregarded/consideritasanhonor.
2)强调判断
ItisEnglishthatweshouldlearn.
Itishewhohelpedmealot.
3)弱式判断
Yoursentencedoesn'tsound/look/appear/feelright.
Youlook/seemasif/asthoughtyouhadbeentherebefore.
Maybe/Perhaps/sheisill.
Heisprobablyill.
Heislikelyill.
Itispossiblethatheislate
4)注释判断
HecanremembersomanyEnglishwords,thatis(tosay)heisalivingdictionary.(活字典)
5)正反判断
Thatsoundsallright,butinfactitisnot.
6)比较判断
Itismoreapicturethanapoem.
7)互斥判断
Heoryouarewrong.
EitherheisrightorIam.
3.祝愿祁使句式
1)一般句式
Studyhardandkeepfit.
Bebrave!
Don'tbeshy!
Getoutofhere.
2)强语式
Dotellme.
Nevertellalie.
3)委婉祈使句
Pleasetellmethetrue.
Would/Will/Won'tdomeafavor?
Would/Doyoumindmysmoking?
What/How/aboutgoingonfoot?
4)建议祈使句
Letusgo.Letusknowthetime.
Don'tletthefireout.
Let'snotwastethetime.
You'dbetterstartearly.
Shallwelistentosomemusic?
Whydon'tyougetsomethingtodrink?
Suppose/supposingyoupickmeupataboutsix?
Isuggestwe(should)takethetrain.
5)祝愿句
Successtoyou!
Wishyouagoodjourney.
Mayyouhaveahappymarriage.
Here'stoyoursuccess!
Allowmetoproposeatoasttoourfriendship!
4.感叹句型
Howwellhespeaks!
Howkindsheis!
Whataniceweatheritis!
Herehecomes!
Suchislife!
Wonderful!
Help!
5.疑问句型
1)一般疑问句
Isheadoctor?
Doyouthewaytothestation?
2)反意疑问句
Heisateacher,isn'the?
Itisquitecheap,don'tyouthink?
3)特殊疑问句
Whatisthedistance/width/size/population/temperature/fare?
Whoishe?
Whatishe?
(干什么的)
Whatishelike?
Howishe?
Howdoyoulikehim?
Whatdoyouthinkofhim?
Whateverdoyoumeanbysayingthis?
4)选择疑问句
Heisadoctororanurse?
5)间接疑问句
Doyouknowhowoldheis?
Tellmeif(whether)youlikeit.
Whatdoyouthink/say/supposeIshoulddo?
6.数词句型
1)表数目
Itisexactlyteno'clock.
Itisfivemilesawayfromhere.
Heismorethan/over/atleastnotlessthan20.
Heisunder/atmost/nomorethan20.
2)表年月日
HewasbornonApril221994/in1994onthemorningofOct.1.
3)表年龄
Heis20yearsold/yearsofage.
Heisattheageof10.
4)表倍数
Itisfourtimesthatoflastyears.
Thisisfourtimesasbig(again)asthatone.
Thisisfourtimesbiggerthanthatone.
Theincomeisdoublewhatitwas.
Theoutputofcoalwas200%greaterthanin1998.
5)表计量
Itis10meterslong/wide/high.
Itcostsme100yuan.
Ispent10hourstofinishit.
Ittookme10daystofinishit.
Itisworth100yuan.
7.关联指代句型
1)两项关连
Ihavetwobooks,oneisChinese;theotherEnglish.
Ihavefivebooks,oneisChinese;theothersEnglish.
Tosayisonething,but/and/todoisanother.
Onetheonehand,Iamyourteacher,andontheotherhand,Iamalsoyoufriend.
Someliketoplayfootball,othersarefondofbasketball.
2)先后顺序
First/firstly,Iwishgoodhealth,second/secondlysuccessinyourstudy,third/thirdlygoodluckineverything.
Firststop,thenlook,finallycross.
Atfirst/inthebeginning/hewordhard.Later/Afterwardsheisnotsodiligent.
3)修饰限制
ThisisthesamebookasIlostyesterday.
ThisisthesamebookthatIlostyesterday.(同一本书)
Don'ttrustsuchamanasoverpraiseyou.
He/One/Those/Theywhoshouldcomefailedtoappear.
Aman/Aperson/Theone/Anyone/Peoplewhosawherlikedherverymuch.
Theday/time/momentwillcomewhenChinaisstrongestintheworld.
4)两项连接
HecanspeaknotonlyEnglishbutalsoFrench.
Thebookisbothinterestingandinstructive.
Itisneithercoldnorhot.
Pleaseeithercomeinorgoout.
Theoldworkerhasexperienceandknowledgeaswell.
5)加和关系
Besidesliterature,wehavegrammarandwriting.
Apartfromoxygen,therearesomeothergasesintheair.
Inadditionto"if",thereismanyotherconjunctionsthatcanintroduceconditionalclauses.
Imustgonow,incidentally,ifyouwantthatbook.
Youseemtoliketea,sodoI.
8.比较句型
1)等比句
HeisastallasI.
HeisthesameheightasI.
Sheisnolessdiligentthanhe.
Thelabisnobetterthanacottage.
2)差比句
IspeakEnglishworsethanhedoes.
Heisnotso/astallasIam.
Ourknowledgeismuchinferiortotheir.
3)极比句
Heisthetallestofallintheclass.
None/Noone/issoblindasthosethatwon'tsee.
Nothingissoeasyasthis.
4)比例句
Themoreamanknows,themorehefeelshisignorance(无知).
5)择比句
Heistallerthananyotherboyintheclass
I
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