人教部编版八年级(初二)语文上册第25课《-诗词.ppt

人教部编版八年级(初二)语文上册第25课《-诗词.ppt

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25诗词五首,漫步在古诗苑中，那纷繁复杂的感情、博大精深的思想，深邃悠远的意境、精彩优美的语言深深地吸引着我们。

今天，就让我们一起来欣赏这五首古诗，相信这边风景独好。

饮酒（其五）陶渊明,了解五言古诗的体裁特点，识记作家作品，背诵并默写诗歌。

（重点）反复诵读，品味重点字、句的含义，理解诗意，体会诗人的思想感情。

（难点）感受诗歌的魅力，陶冶情操，提升文化素养。

（重点）,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,陶渊明（约365427），一名潜，字元亮，私谥靖节，世称靖节先生，因宅边曾有五棵柳树，又自号“五柳先生”，浔阳柴桑（今江西九江）人，东晋诗人。

他的诗主要表现对污浊现实的厌烦和对田园生活的热爱，他是田园诗派的鼻祖，被称为“田园诗人”。

代表作有饮酒归园田居桃花源记五柳先生传归去来兮辞等。

本诗选自陶渊明集卷三（中华书局1979年版）。

陶渊明辞官归隐后，写了不少描述田园生活，反映归隐自洁的人生追求的诗作。

本诗是其中具有代表性的一首。

结庐在人境，而无车马喧。

问君何能尔？

心远地自偏。

采菊东篱下，悠然见南山。

山气日夕佳，飞鸟相与还。

此中有真意，欲辨已忘言。

饮酒（其五）,陶渊明,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,饮酒（其五）陶渊明结庐在人境，而无车马喧。

建造房舍。

结，建造、构筑。

庐，简陋的房屋。

诗意：

在喧嚣扰攘的尘世建造房舍，却没有车马的喧闹。

喧嚣扰攘的尘世。

指上层人士之间的交往。

问君何能尔？

心远地自偏。

如此，这样。

诗意：

要问我如何能够做到这样？

心里远离世俗，自然就觉得住的地方偏僻安静。

偏远，偏僻。

结庐在人境，而无车马喧。

问君何能尔？

心远地自偏。

人境,点明归隐之所。

车马喧,是官场你争我夺，互相倾轧的写照。

心远,指心志高远，淡泊名利，宁静处世等。

自问自答，言语之间尽显自豪和自足之情。

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闲适淡泊的样子。

诗意：

（我）在东篱下随手摘摘菊花，闲适淡泊地欣赏南山胜景。

东边的篱笆。

请赏析这句诗。

这两句诗妙手偶得，浑然天成，诗人悠闲地在篱下采菊，抬头见山，是那样怡然自得，那样超凡脱俗，以景物衬托诗人的闲适。

“悠然”形象地写出诗人所见所感非有意寻求，而是不期而遇，写出了诗人远离世俗后心灵的自得、闲适、恬淡。

“见”写出了诗人不经意间看到南山美景的随意与自然，体现了诗人内心与自然的契合，达到了物我合一的境界。

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此中有真意，欲辨已忘言。

相伴。

山间的云气。

诗意：

傍晚山色秀丽，鸟儿结伴归巢。

这里边有人生的真谛，想要分辨清楚，却不知怎样表达。

辨识。

傍晚。

山气日夕佳，飞鸟相与还。

此中有真意，欲辨已忘言。

分析“此中有真意，欲辨已忘言”两句诗的作用及含义。

这两句是全诗的总结，点明诗歌主旨。

“此中”指此时此地的情和境。

“真意”指诗人从自然与人的和谐景象中悟到的自然意趣，它包含了大自然淡泊闲逸、自由随性、各有所归的意趣，也包含了物我合一、人与自然融为一体的境界与追求。

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陶渊明酷爱田园生活的宁静和自由，厌恶官场的虚伪和狡诈。

为了生计，他几次出仕，但都极不情愿，最后终于解职归田，永不出仕。

这里所说的“车马”指达官贵人的轿乘，也就代表着官场烦琐的应酬和功利性极强的交往。

归隐田园，虽说仍然,离不开“人境”，但却没有了这样的烦扰，所以诗人说“而无车马喧”。

“心远地自偏”，实际上道出了感觉与处境之间的辩证关系：

隐居主要是追求一种精神上的自由境界，而不在于居所是否偏远。

因为作者心情闲适，心志高远，所以虽居闹市却觉得偏僻安静，这两句体现了作者酷爱田园生活的宁静、自由，厌恶官场的黑暗虚伪的思想感情。

1.情景相融，意境深远。

如“采菊东篱下，悠然见南山”两句，这“悠然”不仅属于人，也属于山。

人闲适而自在，山静穆而高远，寓情于景，自然醇美。

2.语言朴素，结构严密。

前两句写对安静生活的追求，第三句承上发问，第四句回答作结。

最后两句直抒胸臆，从自然景色中领悟到生活的真谛，脱口而出，不事雕琢，自有神韵。

春望杜甫,了解与作者相关的文学常识，背诵并默写诗歌。

（重点）理解诗意，学习本诗情景交融的写法。

（难点）体会诗歌中表达的感时伤别、忧国思亲的情感。

（重点）,杜甫（712770），字子美，自称少陵野老，世称杜工部、杜少陵等，唐代伟大的现实主义诗人。

他的诗记录了唐代由盛转衰的历史巨变，表达了崇高的儒家仁爱精神和强烈的忧患意识，因而被誉为“诗史”，他也被后人尊为“诗圣”。

他的诗作登高茅屋为秋风所破歌以及“三吏”和“三别”等都是脍炙人口的名作。

本诗选自杜诗详注卷四（中华书局1979年版）。

这是杜甫安史之乱期间在长安所作的。

天宝十四载（755）十一月，安禄山起兵叛唐。

次年六月，叛军攻陷长安，唐玄宗匆忙逃往四川。

七月，太子李亨即位于灵武（今属宁夏），世称肃宗，改元至德。

杜,甫闻讯，将家属安顿在鄜州（今陕西富县），只身前往灵武投奔肃宗，途中为叛军所俘，遂困居长安。

因他官职卑微，所以未被囚禁。

至德二载春，身处沦陷区的杜甫目睹了长安城一片萧条零落的景象，百感交集，便写下了这首传诵千古的名作。

春望杜甫国破山河在，城春草木深。

感时花溅泪，恨别鸟惊心。

烽火连三月，家书抵万金。

白头搔更短，浑欲不胜簪。

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感时花溅泪，恨别鸟惊心。

国都，指长安。

破：

陷落。

诗意：

长安城已经沦陷，山河依旧存在，春天的都城草木丛生。

感伤时事，花儿都痛哭流泪；怨恨离散，鸟儿心惊胆寒。

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白头搔更短，浑欲不胜簪。

古时边防报警的烟火。

这里借指战争。

相当，值。

抓，挠。

稀疏。

简直。

一种别住发髻的长条状首饰。

诗意：

战火连绵，整整三月不断，（家人的音信断绝）一封家信抵得上万金。

满头白发越抓越稀少，简直连簪子也插不了。

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有什么作用？

颔联在首联描写的基础上，运用了拟人的修辞手法，抒发了离别的伤感，字字痛彻心扉，悲伤之情跃然纸上。

2.赏析“烽火连三月，家书抵万金”这一名句的妙处。

在战火连绵不断的日子里，消息隔绝。

作者用“抵万金”来形容家书的珍贵，写出了诗人因消息隔绝，久盼家人消息却音讯不至的急切心情，表达了对妻子儿女的强烈思念，能激起人强烈的共鸣。

3.品味尾联的妙处？

“白头”表现了诗人日益衰老，一个“搔”字写出了诗人因愁闷而频频挠头的情状，“更短”体现了愁的程度。

诗人通过写头发的变化，表现了忧愁万分、憔悴不堪的情状，含蓄生动地表达了诗人忧国伤时、念家悲己的思想感情。

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国破草木深触景生情所感：

花溅泪鸟惊心寄情于物,念家人境况,期盼：

家书万金夸张忧愁：

白发不胜簪细节,忧国伤时,念家悲己,这首诗描写了春日长安城凄惨破败的景象，抒发了诗人挂念亲人、心系国事的感情，表达了诗人热爱国家、眷恋家园的情操。

1.如何理解春望一诗中诗人的形象？

读了全诗，我们仿佛看到：

诗人站在残破的长安城中，目睹春华，耳闻鸟啼，感伤国事，思念妻儿，潸然泪下。

他希望战乱早日平息，他盼望得到妻儿的消息。

他抓了抓那因忧伤而日渐稀少的白发，发现白发稀少得都有些插不住簪子了。

一位挂念亲人、忧国忧民的诗人形象跃然纸上。

2.“感时花溅泪，恨别鸟惊心”这一联可作两种解释：

诗人因伤感时事，见花而落泪，听到鸟鸣而感到惊心；以花、鸟拟人，花感时而落泪，鸟恨别而惊心。

你赞成哪一种解释？

理由是什么？

1.触景生情，意境深沉。

春望一诗前四句重在绘景（山河、草木、花、鸟），但景中有情（破、深、溅泪、惊心），而且景中有意（感时、恨别）。

后四句重在抒情，是借事抒情（断“家书”，搔“白头”），情中自有景。

时代之悲愤、骨肉之深情，郁积胸中，诗人不肯直抒，而是寄寓在花鸟等景物与搔头的细节中，创造了含蓄深沉的诗歌意境，令人回味无穷。

2.用词传神，动人心魄。

“国破山河在，城春草木深”中“破”字使人触目惊心，“深”字令人满目凄凉。

颔联“溅”“惊”体现了诗歌语言的动态美，寄托了诗人强烈的情感。

颈联用“抵万金”来形容“家书”的珍贵，表达了他对妻子儿女强烈的思念。

尾联“白头”而又稀疏到“不胜簪”的地步，其苍老之态可以想见。

他苍老得这么快，完全是忧国、伤时、思家所致。

雁门太守行李贺,识记作家作品，背诵并默写诗歌。

（重点）反复诵读，品味诗歌的语言，学习这首诗的写法。

（难点）感受诗人的爱国情怀，学习诗人的爱国精神。

（重点）,李贺（790816），字长吉，福昌（今河南宜阳）人，唐代诗人。

世称李长吉、李昌谷等，与李白、李商隐三人并称唐代“三李”。

代表作有雁门太守行李凭箜篌引等，有昌谷集传世。

本诗选自李贺诗歌集注卷一（上海人民出版社1977年版）。

李贺生活的中唐时代，藩镇割据，叛乱此起彼伏，发生过多次战争，国家的安定和统一受到严重威胁。

从有关雁门太守行这首诗的一些传说和材料记载分析，诗作可能是在平定藩镇叛乱战争这一背景下写的。

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角声满天秋色里，塞上燕脂凝夜紫。

半卷红旗临易水，霜重鼓寒声不起。

报君黄金台上意，提携玉龙为君死。

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