北师大版高一英语必修第二册版Unit5Lesson3同步练习解析版.docx
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北师大版高一英语必修第二册版Unit5Lesson3同步练习解析版.docx
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北师大版高一英语必修第二册版Unit5Lesson3同步练习解析版
Unit5Lesson3同步练习
(1)(解析版)
阅读、完形填空、语法填空强化训练
一.阅读理解(共8小题)
A
Inthepast50years,theamountofwaterintheopenoceanwithzerooxygenhasgoneupmorethanfourfold.Incoastalwaterbodies,includingrivermouthsandseas,low-oxygensiteshaveincreasedmorethantenfoldsince1950.ScientistsexpectoxygentocontinuedroppingevenoutsidethesezonesasEarthwarms.
“OxygenisfundamentaltolifeintheOceans,”saidDeniseBreitburg,amarineecologistwiththeSmithsonianEnvironmentalResearchCenter.“ThedeclineinoceanoxygenranksamongthemostseriouseffectsofhumanactivitiesontheEarth’senvironment.Actually,it'sagreatlosstoallthesupportservicesthatrelyonrecreationandtourism,includinghotelsandrestaurantsandtaxidriversandeverythingelse.Thereverberations(严重影响)ofunhealthyecosystemsintheoceancanbeextensive.”
Inareastraditionallycalled“deadzones",likethoseinChesapeakeBayandtheGulfofMexico,oxygenplummets(大幅下跌)tosolowlevelsthatmanyanimalsdie.Asfishavoidthesezones,theirhabitatsbecomesmallerandthey’reeasiertobeattackedorcaught.Buttheproblemgoesfarbeyond“deadzones”.Evensmalleroxygendeclinecanpreventgrowthinanimals,hinderreproductionandleadtodiseaseorevendeath.Italsocancausethereleaseofdangerouschemicalssuchasnitrousoxide,agreenhousegasupto300timesmorepowerfulthancarbondioxide.Whilesomeanimalscanboomin“deadzones”,overallbiodiversityfalls.
Climatechangeisthekeycriminalintheopenocean.Warmingsurfacewatersmakeitharderforoxygentoreachtheinsideoftheocean.Furthermore,astheoceanasawholegetswarmer,itholdslessoxygen.Incoastalwaters,toomuchnutrientpollutionfromlandcreatesalgalblooms,whichuseupoxygenastheydieandbreakdown.
People'slivelihoodsarealsoontheline,thescientistsreported,especiallyindevelopingnations.Smallerfisheries(渔场)maybeunabletorelocatewhenlowoxygendestroystheirharvestsorforcesfishtomoveelsewhere.Sowehumanshavetocarryonawarnowandwinthewar.
1.Whatdoesthefirstparagraphmainlytalkabout?
A.Theoceanhasbeenlosingitsoxygen.B.Theamountofseawaterisincreasing.
C.Thecoastalwaterbodiesaredangerous.D.TheEarthbecomeswarmerandwarmer.
2.WhatcanweinferfromDeniseBreitburg'swords?
A.Differentoceanshavedifferentlevelsofoxygen.
B.Thedeclineinoceanoxygenhasgreatinfluences.
C.Thefutureoftourismreliesonthelevelsofoceanoxygen.
D.Thedecreaseinoceanoxygenisthemostseriousenvironmentproblem.
3.Howdoesthe“deadzone"affectseaanimals?
A.Itoffersmorefood.B.Itformsdangerousgas.
C.Itreducestheirlivingareas.D.Itproducesmorecarbondioxide.
4.Howcanwewinthewaraccordingtothetext?
A.Byclosingsmallerfisheries.B.Bycontrollinghumans'badactivities.
C.Byimprovingpeople'slivingstandards.D.Bystoppingnutrientsenteringtheocean.
【答案与解析】
1.A.主旨大意题。
通过第一段我们知道了海洋面临的现状:
在过去的50年里,海洋中零氧水域的水量增加了四倍多。
低氧场所自1950年以来增加了十多倍。
通过这些现状科学家预计,随着地球变暖,即使在这些区域之外,氧气也会继续下降。
由此可知海洋正在失去氧气,故选A。
2.B推理判断题。
根据第二段DeniseBreitburg说的“OxygenisfundamentaltolifeintheOceans,”“ThedeclineinoceanoxygenranksamongthemostseriouseffectsofhumanactivitiesontheEarth’senvironment.……Thereverberations(严重影响)ofunhealthyecosystemsintheoceancanbeextensive.”可知海洋氧气的减少是人类活动对地球环境最严重的影响之一,这种不健康的海洋生态系统的严重影响还会扩大。
由此可见海洋氧气的减少有很大影响,故选B。
3.C推理判断题。
根据第三段Inareastraditionallycalled“deadzones",oxygenplummets(大幅下跌)tosolowlevelsthatmanyanimalsdie.Asfishavoidthesezones,theirhabitatsbecomesmallerandthey’reeasiertobeattackedorcaught.可知“死亡地带”,氧气大幅下跌,许多动物死去。
当鱼类避开这些区域时,它们的栖息地变小,更容易被攻击或捕获。
故选C。
4.B推理判断题。
根据第二段ThedeclineinoceanoxygenranksamongthemostseriouseffectsofhumanactivitiesontheEarth’senvironment.Actually,it'sagreatlosstoallthesupportservicesthatrelyonrecreationandtourism,includinghotelsandrestaurantsandtaxidriversandeverythingelse.可知是人类活动影响了海洋氧气减少,所以要解决此问题必须控制人类的有害活动,故选B。
B
Whenprehistoricmanarrivedinnewpartsoftheworld,somethingstrangehappenedtothelargeanimals.Theysuddenlybecameextinct.Smallerspeciessurvived.Thelarge,slow-growinganimalswereeasygame,andwerequicklyhuntedtoextinction.Nowsomethingsimilarcouldbehappeningintheoceans.
Thattheseasarebeingoverfishedhasbeenknownforyears.WhatresearcherssuchasRansomMyersandBorisWormhaveshownisjusthowfastthingsarechanging.Theyhavelookedathalfacenturyofdatafromfisheriesaroundtheworld.Theirmethodsdonotattempttoestimatetheactualbiomass(theamountoflivingbiologicalmatter)offishspeciesinparticularpartsoftheocean,butratherchangesinthatbiomassovertime.AccordingtotheirlatestpaperpublishedinNature,thebiomassoflargepredators(animalsthatkillandeatotheranimals)inanewfisheryisreducedonaverageby80%within15yearsofthestartofexploitation.Insomelong-fishedareas,ithashalvedagainsincethen.
Dr.Wormacknowledgesthatthefiguresareconservative.Onereasonforthisisthatfishingtechnologyhasimproved.Today'svessels(船)canfindtheirpreyusingsatellitesandsonar,whichwerenotavailable50yearsago.Thatmeansahigherproportionofwhatisintheseaisbeingcaught,sotherealdifferencebetweenpresentandpastislikelytobeworsethantheonerecordedbychangesincatchsizes.Intheearlydays,too,longlines(多钩长线)wouldhavebeenmorefilledwithfish.Someindividualswouldthereforenothavebeencaught,sincenobaitedhooks(带饵钩)wouldhavebeenavailabletotrapthem,leadingtoanunderestimateoffishstocksinthepast.Furthermore,intheearlydaysoflonglinefishing,alotoffishwerelosttosharksaftertheyhadbeenhooked.Thatisnolongeraproblem,becausetherearefewersharksaroundnow。
Dr.MyersandDr.Wormarguethattheirworkgivesacorrectbaseline,whichfuturemanagementeffortsmusttakeintoaccount.Theybelievethedatasupportanideacurrentamongmarinebiologists,thatofthe“shiftingbaseline".Theideaisthatpeoplehavefailedtodetectthemassivechangeswhichhavehappenedintheoceanbecausetheyhavebeenlookingbackonlyarelativelyshorttimeintothepast.Thatmattersbecausetheorysuggeststhatthemaximumsustainableyield(产量)thatcanbecroppedfromafisherycomeswhenthebiomassofatargetspeciesisabout50%ofitsoriginallevels。
.Mostfisheriesarewellbelowthat,whichisabadwaytodobusiness.
5.Theextinctionoflargeprehistoricanimalsisnotedtosuggestthat____.
A.largeanimalswereeasilyhurtinthechangingenvironment
B.smallspeciessurvivedaslargeanimalsdisappeared
C.largeseaanimalsmayfacethesamethreattoday
D.slow-growingfishoutlivefast-growingones
6.Bysayingthesefiguresareconservative,Dr.Wormmeansthat____.
A.fishingtechnologyhasimprovedrapidly
B.thecatch-sizesareactuallysmallerthanrecorded
C.themarinebiomasshassufferedagreaterloss
D.thedatacollectedsofarareoutofdate
7.Dr.Myersandotherresearchersholdthat____.
A.peopleshouldlookforabaselinethatcan'tworkforalongertime
B.fisheriesshouldkeeptheyieldbelow50%ofthebiomass
C.theoceanbiomassshouldrestoreitsoriginallevel
D.peopleshouldadjustthefishingbaselinetochangingsituation
8.Thewriterseemstobemainlyconcernedwithmostfisheries’____.
A.biomasslevelB.managementefficiency
C.catch-sizelimitsD.technologicalapplication
【答案和解析】
1.C推理判断题。
根据第一段中的“Thelarge,slow-growinganimalswereeasygame,andwerequicklyhuntedtoextinction.Nowsomethingsimilarcouldbehappeningintheoceans.”可知,这种生长缓慢的大型动物很容易被猎杀,很快就灭绝了,现在海洋里也可能发生类似的事情,由此可知,提到史前动物的灭绝就是为了表明大型海洋动物如今可能也面临同样的威胁,故C项正确。
2.C词句猜测题。
根据画线句后的“Onereasonforthisisthatfishingtechnologyhasimproved.Today'svessels(船)canfindtheirpreyusingsatellitesandsonar,whichwerenotavailable50yearsago.Thatmeansahigherproportionofwhatisintheseaisbeingcaught,sotherealdifferencebetweenpresentandpastislikelytobeworsethantheonerecordedbychangesincatchsizes.”可知,其中一个原因是捕鱼技术有所改进,今天的船只可以通过卫星和声纳找到猎物,而50年前还没有,这意味着在海洋中被捕获的生物比例更高,所以现在和过去的真实差异可能比捕获量变化所记录的更大,由此可知,沃姆博士说这些数据是保守的的意思是其实海洋生物量损失会更大,故C项正确。
3.D细节理解题。
根据最后一段中的“Dr.MyersandDr.Wormarguethattheirworkgivesacorrectbaseline,whichfuturemanagementeffortsmusttakeintoaccount.Theybelievethedatasupportanideacurrentamongmarinebiologists,thatofthe“shiftingbaseline".Theideaisthatpeoplehavefailedtodetectthemassivechangeswhichhavehappenedintheoceanbecausetheyhavebeenlookingbackonlyarelativelyshorttimeintothepast.Thatmattersbecausetheorysuggeststhatthemaximumsustainableyield(产量)thatcanbecroppedfromafisherycomeswhenthebiomassofatargetspeciesisabout50%ofitsoriginallevels.Mostfisheriesarewellbelowthat,whichisabadwaytodobusiness.”可知,迈尔斯博士和沃姆博士认为,他们的工作给出了一个正确的基准,未来的管理工作必须考虑到这个基准,他们相信这些数据支持了海洋生物学家当前的一个想法,即“改变基线”。
这个想法是,人们未能察觉到海洋中发生的巨大变化,因为他们回顾过去的时间相对较短,这一点很重要,因为理论表明,当一个目标物种的生物量达到其原始水平的50%时,可以从渔业中获取的最大可持续产量,大多数渔业都远低于这个水平,这是一种不好的经商方式,由此可知,他们认为人们应该根据情况的变化调整捕鱼基线,故D项正确。
4.A推理判断题。
根据文章内容,特别是最后一段中的“Thatmattersbecausetheorysuggeststhatthemaximumsustainableyield(产量)thatcanbecroppedfromafisherycomeswhenthebiomassofatargetspeciesisabout50%ofitsoriginallevels.Mostfisheriesarewellbelowthat,whichisabadwaytodobusiness.”可知,这一点很重要,因为理论表明,当一个目标物种的生物量达到其原始水平的50%时,可以从渔业中获取的最大可持续产量,大多数渔业都远低于这个水平,这是一种不好的经商方式,由此可知,作者主要关心的是渔业的最大生物量水平,故A项正确。
二、完形填空(共20小题)
OvertwoweeksagoIwasstandingonthesummitofMountQomolangma.Itwasthetopofmanyyears’hardwork,andthe1ofachildhooddre
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