中国矿业大学考博英语真题.docx
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中国矿业大学考博英语真题.docx
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中国矿业大学考博英语真题
中国矿业大学考博英语真题2015年
PartⅠReadingComprehension
Directions:
Thereare5passagesinthispart.Eachpassageisfollowedbyfourquestionsorstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.DecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletteronyourAnswerSheet.
PassageOne
ThepurposeoftheAmericancourtsystemistoprotecttherightsofthepeople.AccordingtoAmericanlaw,ifsomeoneisaccusedofacrime,heorsheisconsideredinnocentuntilthecourtprovesthatthepersonisguilty.Inotherwords,itistheresponsibilityofthecourttoprovethatapersonisguilty.Itisnottheresponsibilityofthepersontoprovethatheorsheisinnocent.
Inordertoarrestaperson,thepolicehavetobereasonablysurethatacrimehasbeencommitted.Thepolicemustgivethesuspectthereasonswhytheyarearrestinghimandtellhimhisrightsunderthelaw.Thenthepolicetakethesuspecttothepolicestationto"book"him."Booking"meansthatthenameofthepersonandthechargesagainsthimareformallylistedatthepolicestation.
Thenextstepisforthesuspecttogobeforeajudge.Thejudgedecideswhetherthesuspectshouldbekeptinjailorreleased.Ifthesuspecthasnopreviouscriminalrecordandthejudgefeelsthathewillreturntocourtratherthanrunaway—forexample,becauseheownsahouseandhasafamily—hecangofree.Otherwise,thesuspectmustputupbail.Atthistime,too,thejudgewillappointacourtlayertodefendthesuspectifhecan'taffordone.
Thesuspectreturnstocourtaweekortwolater.Alawyerfromthedistrictattorney'sofficepresentsacaseagainstthesuspect.Thisiscalledahearing.Theattorneymaypresentevidenceaswellaswitnesses.Thejudgeatthehearingthendecideswhetherthereisenoughreasontoholdatrial.Ifthejudgedecidesthatthereissufficientevidencetocallforatrial,heorshesetsadateforthesuspecttoappearincourttoformallypleadguiltyornotguilty.
Atthetrial,ajuryof12peoplelistenstotheevidencefrombothattorneysandhearsthetestimonyofthewitnesses.Thenthejurygoesintoaprivateroomtoconsidertheevidenceanddecidewhetherthedefendantisguiltyofthecrime.Ifthejurydecidesthatthedefendantisinnocent,hegoesfree.However,ifheisconvicted,thejudgesetsadateforthedefendanttoappearincourtagainforsentencing.Atthistime,thejudgetellstheconvictedpersonwhathispunishmentwillbe.Thejudgemaysentencehimtoprison,orderhimtopayafine,orplacehimonprobation.
TheAmericanjusticesystemisverycomplexandsometimesoperatesslowly.However,everystepisdesignedtoprotecttherightsofthepeople.Theseindividualrightsarethebasis,orfoundation,oftheAmericangovernment.1.Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?
______
A.TheAmericancourtsystemrequiresthatasuspectprovethatheorsheisinnocent.
B.TheUScourtsystemisdesignedtoprotecttherightsofthepeople.
C.UndertheAmericancourtsystem,judgedecidesifasuspectisinnocentorguilty.
D.TheUScourtsystemisdesignedtohelpthepolicepresentacaseagainstthesuspect.
答案:
B
[解答]本文的第一段第一句话“ThepurposeoftheAmericancourtsystemistoprotecttherightsofthepeople.”就点明了文章的主旨,即美国法院系统的作用是保护人民的权利,因此选择B。
2.Whatfollows"Inotherwords"(Para.1)?
______
A.Anexampleoftheprevioussentence.
B.Anewideaaboutthecourtsystem.
C.Anitemofevidencetocallforatrial.
D.Arestatementoftheprevioussentence.
答案:
D
[解答]第一段中“Inotherwords”后面说证明一个人是否有罪是法院的责任。
在接下来的几段中阐述了从警察逮捕嫌疑人,到法官决定是否让嫌疑人保释,再到陪审团判定是否有罪。
据此可知,“Inotherwords”后面应是对以前宣判过程的另一种表述。
因此选择D。
3.Accordingtothepassage,"hecangofree"(Para.3)means______.
A.thesuspectisfreetochoosealawyertodefendhim
B.thesuspectdoesnothavetogototrialbecausethejudgehasdecidedheisinnocent
C.thesuspectwillbeinformedbymailwhetherheisinnocentornot
D.thesuspectdoesnothavetowaitinjailorpaymoneyuntilhegoestotrial
答案:
D
[解答]本题细节定位于第三段第三、四句话“Ifthesuspecthasnopreviouscriminalrecordandthejudgefeelsthathewillreturntocourtratherthanrunaway—forexample,becauseheownsahouseandhasafamily—hecangofree.Otherwise,thesuspectmustputupbail.”。
由此可知,如果嫌疑人没有前科,法官认为他不会逃跑——例如他有房产或家庭,嫌疑人就可以被释放。
否则,嫌疑人必须支付保释金。
据此可知,“hecangofree”的意思是嫌疑人在接受审判前不必待在监狱里或支付保释金,因此选择D。
4.Whatisthepurposeofhavingthesuspectpaybail?
______
A.Topayforthejudgeandthetrial.
B.Topayforacourtlawyertodefendthesuspect.
C.Toensurethatthesuspectwillreturntocourt.
D.Toensurethatthesuspectwillappearinprison.
答案:
C
[解答]本题细节定位于第三段第三、四句话“thejudgefeelsthathewillreturntocourtratherthanrunaway—forexample,becauseheownsahouseandhasafamily—hecangofree.Otherwise,thesuspectmustputupbail.”。
由此可知,因为嫌疑人有房产或家庭,法官认为他会回到法院而不会逃跑,嫌疑人就可以被释放。
否则,嫌疑人必须支付保释金。
据此可知,让嫌疑人支付保释金的目的是确保嫌疑人会回到法院,因此选择C。
PassageTwo
DuringthetwoyearsthatpassedbetweenthedeathofhisfatherandhisestablishmentinLondon,GibbonhadmadeapreliminaryexaminationofthegroundthatmustbecoveredinthehistoryoftheRomanEmpirewhichheproposedtowrite.Assoonashehadahousetohimself,hestartedtheactualworkofwriting,andcomposedandthreetimesrewrotethefirstchapter,twicepatientlyrecastingthesecondandthird,beforehewas"tolerablysatisfied"withtheeffecthehadachieved,andtheflowofcompositionbecame,paragraphbyparagraph,moreregularandrapid.Wearetoldthat,whilecomposing,hewalkedtoandfroacrossthelibrary,andthatthewholeparagraphwascompletewhenhefinallyregainedhischairandresortedtopenandink.Thenecessaryreference,whichheaddedlater,hehadalreadyjotteddownoncards.Afriendsuspectedthathewasworkingtoofast;butGibbonreassuredhim;thewholeworks,hesaid,hadundergonealongandelaborateprocessofcorrectionandrevision;his"diligenceandaccuracy,"heafterwardstoldtheworld,wereconfirmedbyhisconscience.Thusheawaitedthedayoffinalpublicationwithoutundueanxiety.DuringFebruary,1775,thefirstvolumeofTheHistoryoftheDeclineandFalloftheRomanEmpireappearedinthebook-shops.Hispublishershadoriginallycalculatedonfivehundredcopies,but,withalmostpropheticinsighthadincreasedthisnumbertoathousand.Thefirsteditiontoappearwasimmediatelysoldout,andtwofurthereditionswereverysoonexhausted.Agreatfitoffameseizedonthemodestauthor.Hispridewasimmenselyapproved;butitwouldbeidletopretendthathewaseitherashamedorstartled.
Besides,hehadstillfartogo.Forthenextelevenyears,thoughheneverretiredfromtheworldandremainedanattentive,ifsomewhatimpassive,observerofthevariousrevolutionsofsocietyandpolitics,therecordofGibbon'slifeisverylargelytherecordofhiswork'sdevelopment,astheoriginalschemegraduallyexpandedthroughhalfofdozenvolumes.ThantheDeclineandFallthereisprobablynobookofequalsizeandscopemorethoroughlyfilledwiththecharacteristicqualityofasingleman'sintelligence.Itisnotthatthehistorianmakesarbitraryofunjustifiedattacksintothepagesofhishistory;hehasnoreasontoimposehimself,for,infact,heisalwaysthere—notasafigurerisinginappropriatelybetweenthereaderandhissubject,butasaninfluencethatcolourseveryscene,moderatestheverbalrhythmofeachsuccessiveperiod,andlinksepisodetoepisodeinthesameharmoniouspattern.1.WelearnfromthepassagetheGibbon______.
A.wasnotsatisfiedwithhisworkbecausehewrotetoofast
B.madeelaboraterevisiontohiswork
C.rewroteeverychapterofhishistory
D.founditnecessarytorewritetheworkthreetimes
答案:
B
[解答]本题细节定位于第一段第五句话“Afriendsuspectedthathewasworkingtoofast;butGibbonreassuredhim;thewholeworks,hesaid,hadundergonealongandelaborateprocessofcorrectionandrevision”。
由此可知,吉本的一个朋友怀疑他写得太快;但吉本向他保证,所有作品都经过长时间的精心修改和校对才完成,因此选择B。
2.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueasregardsGibbon'swritingmethods?
______
A.Gibbonwalkedtoandfrointhelibrarywhilecomposinghisparagraphs.
B.Gibbondidnothaveachairinhislibraryatthebeginningofhiswriting.
C.Whenhetookuphispentowrite,Gibbonwrotethewholeparagraphwithoutstopping.
D.Whilecomposinghiswork,Gibbontookdownthenecessaryreferencetobeaddedlater.
答案:
C
[解答]本题细节定位于第一段第二句话“Assoonashehadahousetohimself,hestartedtheactualworkofwriting,andcomposedandthreetimesrewrotethefirstchapter,twice...hehadachieved”。
由此可知,吉本开始写作时,第一章修改了三次,第二、三章重写了两次。
再定位于第一段第三句话“Wearetoldthat...andthatthewholeparagraphwascompletewhenhefinallyregainedhischairandresortedtopenandink.”由此可知,当吉本总算取回了椅子后,整个段落才完成。
C项说吉本一口气写完全部段落,与文中的说法不符,因此选择C。
3.OnitsfirstappearancetheHistory______.
A.wasincomplete
B.wasundersold
C.sold3,000copies
D.greatlysurprisedtheauthor
答案:
C
[解答]本题细节定位于第一段第八、九句话“Hispublishershadoriginallycalculatedonfivehundredcopies,but,withalmostpropheticinsighthadincreasedthisnumbertoathousand.Thefirsteditiontoappearwasimmediatelysoldout,andtwofurthereditionswereverysoonexhausted.”。
由此可知,吉本的著作开始出版时,出版商最初计划印500本,但后来将数量增加到1000本。
第一版一问世就立刻销售一空,而后增加的两次再版也很快售完。
据此可以推知,吉本的著作一共售出3000本,因此选择C。
4.TheauthorconsidersthatGibbon______.
A.madeconstantinfluenceonhisreaderswithhiswork
B.gaveaveryprejudicedpictureonthereader
C.washimselfafigureinthehistoryhewrote
D.madeseveralexperimentsinliterarystyle
答案:
A
[解答]本题细节定位于第二段第四句话“hehasnoreasontoimposehimself,for,infact,heisalwaysthere—notasafigurerisinginappropriatelybetweenthereaderandhissubject,butasaninfluence...”。
由此可知,吉本没有理由在读
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