大学英语六级真题第3套4.docx
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大学英语六级真题第3套4.docx
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大学英语六级真题第3套4
2019年12月大学英语六级考试真题(第三套)
PartIWriting(30minutes)
Directions:
Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteanessaycommentingonthesaying“Respectothers,andyouwillberespected”.Youcanciteexamplestoillustrateyourviews.Youshouldwriteatleast150wordsbutnomorethan200words.
PartIIListeningComprehension(30minutes)
卷三听力部分与卷二相同
PartIIIReadingComprehension(40minutes)
SectionA
Directions:
Inthissection,thereisapassagewithtenblanks.Youarerequiredtoselectonewordforeachblankfromalistofchoicesgiveninawordbankfollowingthepassage.Readthepassagethroughcarefullybeforemakingyourchoices.Eachchoiceinthebankisidentifiedbyaletter.PleasemarkthecorrespondingletterforeachitemonAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Youmaynotuseanyofthewordsinthebankmorethanonce.
Questions26to35arebasedonthefollowingpassage.
ManyEuropeancountrieshavebeenmakingtheshifttoelectricvehiclesandGermanyhasjuststatedthattheyplantobanthesalesofvehiclesusinggasolineanddieselasfuelby2030.Thecountryisalsoplanningtoreduceitscarbonfootprintby80-95%by2050,___26___ashifttogreenenergyinthecountry.Effectively,thebanwillincludetheregistrationofnewcarsinthecountryastheywillnotallowanygasoline___27___vehicletoberegisteredafter2030.
Partofthereasonthisbanisbeingdiscussedand___28___isbecauseenergyofficialsseethattheywillnotreachtheiremissionsgoalsby2050iftheydonot___29___alargeportionofvehicleemissions.Thecountryisstill___30___thatitwillmeetitsemissionsgoals,likereducingemissionsby40%by2020,butthe___31___ofelectriccarsinthecountryhasnotoccurredasfastasexpected.
Othereffortstoincreasetheuseofelectricvehiclesincludeplanstobuildover1millionhybridandelectriccarbatterychargingstationsacrossthecountry.By2030,Germanyplansonhavingover6millionchargingstations___32___.AccordingtotheInternationalBusinessTimes,electriccarsalesareexpectedtoincreaseasVolkswagenisstillrecoveringfromitsemissionsscandal.
Thereare___33___around155,000registeredhybridandelectricvehiclesonGermanroads,dwarfedbythe45milliongasolineanddieselcarsdrivingtherenow.Ascountriescontinuesettinggoalsofreducingemissions,greaterstepsneedtobetakentohavea___34___effectonthesurroundingenvironment.Whiletheeffortsarecertainlynot___35___,theresultsofsuchbanswilllikelyonlystarttobeseenbygenerationsdowntheline,betteringtheworldforthefuture.
注意:
此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。
A)acceptanceI)incidentally
B)currentlyJ)installed
C)disruptingK)noticeable
D)eliminateL)powered
E)exhaustM)restoration
F)futileN)skeptical
G)hopefulO)sparking
H)implemented
SectionB
Directions:
Inthissection,youaregoingtoreadapassagewithtenstatementsattachedtoit.Eachstatementcontainsinformationgiveninoneoftheparagraphs.Identifytheparagraphfromwhichtheinformationisderived.Youmaychooseaparagraphmorethanonce.Eachparagraphismarkedwithaletter.AnswerthequestionsbymarkingthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2.
Apple’sStanceHighlightsaMoreConfrontationalTeachIndustry
[A]ThebattlebetweenAppleandlawenforcementofficialsoverunlockingaterrorist’ssmartphoneistheculminationofaslowturningofthetablesbetweenthetechnologyindustryandtheUnitedStatesgovernment.
[B]AfterrevelationsbytheformerNationalSecurityAgencycontractorEdwardJ.Snowdenin2019thatthegovernmentbothcoziedupto(讨好)certaintechcompaniesandhackedintootherstogainaccesstoprivatedataonanenormousscale,techgiantsbegantorecognizetheUnitedStatesgovernmentasahostileactor.Butiftheconfrontationhascrystallizedinthislatestbattle,itmayalreadybeheadingtowardapredictableconclusion:
Inthelongrun,thetechcompaniesaredestinedtoemergevictorious.
[C]Itmaynotseemthatwayatthemoment.Ontheoneside,youhavetheUnitedStatesgovernment’smightylegalandsecurityapparatusfightingfordataofthemostsympatheticsort:
thesecretsburiedinadeadmassmurderer’sphone.TheactionstemsfromafederalcourtorderissuedonTuesdayrequiringAppletohelptheFederalBureauofInvestigation(FBI)tounlockaniPhoneusedbyoneofthetwoattackerswhokilled14peopleinSanBernardino,California,inDecember.
[D]Intheothercorneristheworld’smostvaluablecompany,whosechiefexecutive,TimothyCook,hassaidhewillappealthecourt’sorder.Applearguesthatitisfightingtopreserveaprinciplethatmostofuswhoareaddictedtooursmartphonescandefend:
WeakenasingleiPhonesothatitscontentscanbeviewedbytheAmericangovernmentandyouriskweakeningalliPhonesforanygovernmentintruder,anywhere.
[E]Therewillprobablybemonthsoflegalconfrontation,anditisnotatallclearwhichsidewillprevailincourt,norinthebattleforpublicopinionandlegislativefavor.Yetunderlyingallofthisisasimpledynamic:
Apple,Google,Facebookandothercompaniesholdmostofthecardsinthisconfrontation.Theyhaveourdata,andtheirbusinessesdependontheglobalpublic’scollectivebeliefthattheywilldoeverythingtheycantoprotectthatdata.
[F]Anycrackinthatfrontcouldbefatalfortechcompaniesthatmustoperateworldwide.IfAppleisforcedtoopenupaniPhoneforanAmericanlawenforcementinvestigation,whatistopreventitfromdoingsoforarequestfromtheRussiansortheIranians?
IfAppleisforcedtowritecodethatletstheFBIgetintothePhone5cusedbySyedRizwanFarook,themaleattackerintheSanBernardinoattack,whowouldberesponsibleifsomehackergotholdofthatcodeandbrokeintoitsotherdevices?
[G]Apple’sstanceontheseissuesemergedpost-Snowden,whenthecompanystartedputtinginplaceaseriesoftechnologiesthat,bydefault,makeuseofencryption(加密)tolimitaccesstopeople’sdata.Morethanthat,Apple,and,indifferentways,othertechcompanies,includingGoogle,Facebook,TwitterandMicrosoft,havemadetheiroppositiontothegovernment’sclaimsapointofcorporatepride.
[H]Apple’semergingglobalbrandisprivacy;ithasstakeditscorporatereputation,nottomentiontheinvestmentofconsiderabletechnicalandfinancialresources,onlimitingthesortofmasssurveillancethatwasuncoveredbyMr.Snowden.Sonow,formanycasesinvolvinggovernmentalintrusionsintodata,once-lonelyprivacyadvocatesfindthemselvesfightingalongsidethemostpowerfulcompanyintheworld.
[I]“Acomparisonpointisinthe1990sbattlesoverencryption,”saidKurtOpsahl,generalcounseloftheElectronicFrontierFoundation,aprivacywatchdoggroup.“Thenyouhadafewcompaniesinvolved,butnotoneofthelargestcompaniesintheworldcomingoutwithalengthyandimpassionedpost,likewesawyesterdayfromTimothyCook.Itsprofilehasreallybeenraised.”
[J]Appleandothertechcompaniesholdanotherace:
thetechnicalmeanstokeepmakingtheirdevicesmoreandmoreinaccessible.NotethatApple’spublicoppositiontothegovernment’srequestisitselfahindrancetomassgovernmentintrusion.AndtogetatthecontentsofasingleiPhone,thegovernmentsaysitneedsacourtorderandApple’shelptowritenewcode;inearlierversionsoftheiPhone,onesthatwerecreatedbeforeApplefoundreligionon(热衷于)privacy,theFBImayhavebeenabletobreakintothedevicebyitself.
[K]Youcanexpectthatnoose(束缚)tocontinuetotighten.ExpertssaidthatwhetherornotApplelosesthisspecificcase,measuresthatitcouldputintoplaceinthefuturewillalmostcertainlybeabletofurtherlimitthegovernment’sreach.
[L]That’snottosaythattheoutcomeoftheSanBernardinocaseisinsignificant.AsAppleandseveralsecurityexpertshaveargued,anordercompellingAppletowritesoftwarethatgivestheFBIaccesstotheiPhoneinquestionwouldestablishanunsettlingprecedent.TheorderessentiallyasksAppletohackitsowndevices,andonceitisinplace,theprecedentcouldbeusedtojustifylawenforcementeffortstogetaroundencryptiontechnologiesinotherinvestigationsfarremovedfromnationalsecuritythreats.
[M]OncearmedwithamethodforgainingaccesstoiPhones,thegovernmentcouldasktouseitproactively(先发制人地),beforeasuspectedterroristattack—leavingAppleinabindastowhethertocomplyorriskanattackandsufferapublic-relationsnightmare.“Thisisabrand-newmoveinthewaragainstencryption,”Mr.Opsahlsaid.“We’vehadplentyofdebatesinCongressandthemediaoverwhetherthegovernmentshouldhaveabackdoor,andthisisanendrun(迂回战术)aroundthat—heretheycomewithanordertocreatethatbackdoor.”
[N]Yetit’sworthnotingthatevenifAppleultimatelylosesthiscase,ithasplentyoftechnicalmeanstocloseabackdoorovertime.“Ifthey’reanywherenearworththeirsaltasengineers,Ibetthey’rerethinkingtheirthreatmodelaswespeak,”saidJonathanZdziarski,adigitalexpertwhostudiestheiPhoneanditsvulnerabilities.
[O]Onerelativelysimplefix,Mr.Zdziarskisaid,wouldbeforAppletomodifyfutureversionsoftheiPhonetorequireausertoenterapasscodebeforethephonewillacceptthesortofmodifiedoperatingsystemthattheFBIwantsAppletocreate.Thatway,ApplecouldnotunilaterallyintroduceacodethatweakenstheiPhone—auserwouldhavetoconsenttoit.
[P]“Nothingis100percenthacker-proof,”Mr.Zdziarskisaid,buthepointedoutthatthejudge’sorderinthiscaserequiredAppletoprovide“reasonablesecurityassistanc
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