新世纪商务英语综合教程第二册复习资料.docx

新世纪商务英语综合教程第二册复习资料.docx

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新世纪商务英语综合教程第二册复习资料

新世纪商务英语综合教程第二册复习资料

Unit1

1.Truly,thetonguespokenbackinthe1300sonlybythe"lowpeople"ofEnglandhascomealongway.

Paraphrase:

Indeed,thelanguagespokenasearlyas1300sbythenativepeopleinEnglandhasdevelopedforalongtime

2.ButhoweveraccommodatingEnglishmightbetherealreasonforthelatterdaytriumphofEnglishisthetriumphoftheEnglish-speakingUnitedStatesasaworldpower.

Paraphrase:

Adaptable,asEnglishmightbe,theEnglishowesitssuccesstothevictoryoftheEnglish-speakingUnitedStatesasaworldpower.

3.Asthe20thcenturydrewon,however,andEnglishcontinuedtoencroach,Frenchwasdrivenontothedefensive.

Paraphrase:

Asthe20thcenturywasapproaching,andEnglishkeptonexpandingbeyondlimits,Frenchwasputinacorneredposition,havingtofightforprotection.

4.InIndiasomepeopleseeEnglishasanoppressivelegacyofcolonialismthatshouldbeexterminated.

Paraphrase:

IndiawasonceregardedastheJewelintheCrownoftheBritishEmpire.PeopleinIndiawouldthinktheEnglishlanguageremindsthemoftheperiodofcolonialism,whichshouldbewipedout.

5.ButformanypeoplesthetriumphofEnglishisthedefeat,ifnotoutrightdestruction,oftheirownlanguage.

Paraphrase:

Butformanypeoples,thesuccessorthewidespreadofEnglishmeansthedefeat,perhapsevenacompleteextinction,oftheirownlanguage.

6.ThusthetriumphofEnglishnotonlydestroysthetonguesofothers;italsoisolatesnativeEnglish-speakersfromtheliterature,historyandideasofotherpeoples.

Paraphrase:

Therefore,thesuccessofEnglishnotonlydefeatsotherlanguages,butseparatesnativeEnglishspeakersfromtheliterature,historyandideasofotherethnicgroups.

Unit3

1.Thetaskofauniversityistoweldtogetherimaginationandexperience.

Paraphrase:

Auniversityshouldaimatjoiningorintegratingimaginationandexperienceoftheteachersandstudentsintoasingle,meaningfulwhole.

2.Weneednotflinchfromtheassertionthatthemainfunctionofsuchaschoolistoproducemenwithagreaterzestforbusiness.

Paraphrase:

Thereisnoshameinclaiming/declaringthatthefunctionofsuchaschoolistoproducebusinesspeoplewithgreatenthusiasm.

3.Itrequiresanimaginativegraspoftheinterlockinginterestsofgreatorganizations,andofthereactionsofthewholecomplextoanychangeinoneofitselements.

Paraphrase:

Todayinordertorunabusinesssuccessfully,onehastodevelopagoodunderstandingoftheadaptationsmadebythelargecorporationasawholetomeetthenewconditionsinoneofitsbranches.

4.Itrequiresthatdisciplineofcharacterwhichcansay"yes"and"no"toothermen,notbyreasonofblindobstinacy,butwithfirmnessderivedfromaconsciousevaluationofrelevantalternatives.

Paraphrase:

Thereisaneedforcharactertrainingsothatwhentheymakedecisions,theyhavedeterminationandstrongbeliefwhichcomefromasoberconsiderationofrelatedchoicesandpossibilities,andtheyarenotgivingconsentornegationsimplyoutofunreasonablestubbornness.

5.Theconductofbusinessnowrequiresintellectualimaginationofthesametypeasthatwhichinformertimeshasmainlypassedintothoseotheroccupations

Paraphrase:

Themanagementofamodernbusinessdemandsitsemployeestoacquirethecapacitytoapplytheirknowledgeimaginatively,whichusedtobetheabilitycultivatedinotherprofessions.

6.Thereisonegreatdifficultywhichhampersallthehighertypesofhumanendeavor.

Paraphrase:

Onegreatdifficultycanrestricthumanbeingsfrommakingprogress,orachievements.

7.Therecanbenocriticismofthecustom,buttheremaybeanunfortunateeffect—prolongedroutineworkdullstheimagination.

Paraphrase:

Thecontinuingusualornormalwayofworkinginacorporationtendstoblunt,orsuffocatetheimaginativepower/maketheimaginationlesssharpandclear.

Unit4

1.Themodernvariationreads:

"Manisbornfreeandiseverywhereinchainstores,"andperfectlysumsupthenegativelightinwhichsupermarketsareseenbythecommunity,environmentaland"smallisbeautiful"camps

Paraphrase:

Themodifiedsentenceinmoderntimesdescribesperfectlythenegativeattitudetowardssupermarketsheldbythepublic,environmentalistsandthosewhoadvocate"smallisbeautiful".

2.AndwhilesupermarketshavebeenaccusedbytheCompetitionCommissionofloss-leadingandsqueezingsuppliers,suchbehaviourisbullishratherthanillegal

Paraphrase:

TheCompetitionCommissionaccusedsupermarketsofadoptinglowpricingtogaincompetitiveedgeandminimizingprofitsofsuppliers,butthesestrategiesareboostingtheirownprofitandarenotillegalcompetitionmeans.

3.Thekeytodeliveringbothlowpricesandhighqualityaswellasthrivingandsustainablecommunitiesistoensurethatretailactivityispresentinallcommunitiesofanysizethatwantit,andforittobepresentinsufficientnumbersfortheretobeadegreeofcompetition.

Paraphrase:

Inordertomakesuregoodsareofhighqualityandaresoldatlowprices,andinordertomaintainawell-developedandsustainablecommunity,theimportantelementistoprovideretailservicestoallthecommunitiesinneed,whetherlargeorsmall.Torealizethis,asufficientnumberofretailshopsshouldbeopensothatthereissomecompetition.

4.Inpoorareas,environmentalimprovementsandsecuritymeasurescanhelpleveltheplayingfieldwithwealthierareas,whileavoidingdirectsubsidytofirms.

Paraphrase:

Inpoorareas,therearemeasurestoimprovetheirenvironmentandsecuritysothattheyaremoreorlessthesameasthewealthierareastoattractcustomers.However,theshopsdonotreceiveanyfundtoaidtheircompetitionwiththoseinwealthierneighbourhoods.

5.Inthepoorestareas,itmaynotbethatpeopledon'tvaluehavingalocalshop,butratherthattheysimplycannotaffordtoignorethelowerpricesavailablethroughashortbusridetoasupermarket.

Paraphrase:

Inthepoorestareas,peopleprefersupermarkettolocalshopnotbecausetheydon'tvaluehavingalocalshop,butbecausetheirfinancialsituationmakesthemchoosethelowerpricesavailablethroughashortbusridetoasupermarket.

6.TescoispromisingbespokeshopfrontsfornewExpressconveniencestoresandtostepupitseffortstoconsultcommunitiesaboutnewoutlets.

Paraphrase:

TescoispromisingbespokeshopfrontsfornewExpressconveniencestoresandtotakemoreeffortstoconsultcommunitiesaboutnewoutlets.

Unit5

1.TheRenaissance"...wentfromColumbustoCopernicus,fromCopernicustoGalileo,fromthediscoveryoftheearthtothatoftheheavens.Manre-foundhimself",accordingtoMichelet.

Paraphrase:

AccordingtoMichelet,theRenaissancewentfromtheEuropeanexplorationintotheunknownworld—theAmericanContinent,Africa,andAsia—tothescientificfindingthattheearthwasnotthecenteroftheworld.

2.ForBurckhardt,theRenaissancewasaspecificallyItalianphenomenon,nurturedinthecity-statesofthe15thcentury,wheretheartistictalentsofthelikesofLeonardo,Botticelli,MantegnaandBrunelleschiflourished.

Paraphrase:

ForBurckhardt,theRenaissancewasahistoricaleventoccurredinItalyinparticular,duringwhichmanytalentedpeoplesuchasLeonardo,Botticelli,MantegnaandBrunelleschibecamesuccessful.

3.Untilveryrecently,thisinventionoftheEuropeanRenaissancehasremainedapowerfulandseductivemyth,whichhasignoredmuchofwhatwastrulyrevolutionaryaboutthisextraordinaryperiodinEuropeanhistory.

Paraphrase:

Tillnow,theideathattheEuropeanRenaissancewasmostlya"rebirth"oftheclassicalGreekandRomanvaluesofliterarypurityandaestheticbeauty,remainedsoinfluentialandattractivethatpeoplehavelongtakenitforgranted,ignoringthatitwasactuallytradeandfinancethatbroughtthegreatrevolutioninthisextraordinaryperiodinEuropeanhistory.

4.Whatunderpinnedallthegreatartistic,literaryandarchitecturalachievementsthatwenowseeasquintessentially"Renaissance"wasanequallymomentousrevolutionintradeandfinance.

Paraphrase:

ThecommercialandfinancialdevelopmentsduringtheRenaissancelaidthefoundationfortheculturalaccomplishmentsinthisperiodandtheyhavebroughtaboutasequallysignificantchangestotheEuropeansocietyastheartsdid.

5.Onlynow,inourmorecomplexandinterdependentglobalworld,hasitbecomepossibletopiecetogetheramuchmorecomplexanddynamicpictureofwhatreallydrovetheculturalaccomplishmentsofthisremarkableperiod.

Paraphrase:

Asthecontemporaryworldbecomesmoreglobalizedandcomplex,itisnowpossibletoformacomprehensiveandvividviewofthedrivingforceoftheculturaldevelopmentsduringtheRenaissance.

6.Neitherofthesewritersexploredhowtrade,finance,scienceandexchangewithotherculturesdecisivelyshapedwhattheysawastheculturalfloweringoftheEuropeanRenaissance.

Paraphrase:

Bothofthesewritersneglectedthefactthattrade,finance,scienceandexchangewithothercultureshadsignificantlyinfluencedtheculturaldevelopmentoftheEuropeanRenaissance.

7.TheresultofthisincreasinglyinternationaltraderevolutionisedtasteinEurope.

Paraphrase:

TheresultofthisincreasinglyinternationaltradecausedfundamentalchangesintheculturalstyleinEurope.

8.Whatwe'releftwithisavisionoftheRenaissanceasamuchdirtier,moreworldlyplacethanMicheletandBurckhardtbelieved,butthisonlyaddstoitssingularimportanceinthehistoryofwesternculturallife.

Paraphrase:

QuitedifferentfromwhatMicheletandBurckhardtbelieved,wearenowpresentedwithamorematerialistic,