初三英语十九讲主谓一致.docx
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初三英语十九讲主谓一致.docx
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初三英语十九讲主谓一致
初三英语十九讲——主谓一致
教学目标:
掌握主谓一致的三原则:
语法一致原则,意义一致原则,就近一致原则。
英语课外园地——thinkitover……好好想想……
Todaywehavehigherbuildingsandwiderhighways,butshortertemperamentsandnarrowerpointsofview;
今天我们拥有了更高层的楼宇以及更宽阔的公路,但是我们的性情却更为急躁,眼光也更加狭隘;
Wespendmore,butenjoyless;我们消耗的更多,享受到的却更少;
Wehavebiggerhouses,butsmallerfamillies;
我们的住房更大了,但我们的家庭却更小了;
Wehavemorecompromises,butlesstime;我们妥协更多,时间更少;
Wehavemoreknowledge,butlessjudgment;我们拥有了更多的知识,可判断力却更差了;
Wehavemoremedicines,butlesshealth;
我们有了更多的药品,但健康状况却更不如意;
Wehavemultipliedoutpossessions,butreducedoutvalues;
我们拥有的财富倍增,但其价值却减少了;
Wetalkmuch,weloveonlyalittle,andwehatetoomuch;
我们说的多了,爱的却少了,我们的仇恨也更多了;
WereachedtheMoonandcameback,butwefindittroublesometocrossourownstreetandmeetourneighbors;
我们可以往返月球,但却难以迈出一步去亲近我们的左邻右舍;
Wehaveconqueredtheuterspace,butnotourinnerspace;
我们可以征服外太空,却征服不了我们的内心;
Wehavehighterincome,butlessmorals;
我们的收入增加了,但我们的道德却少了;
hesearetimeswithmoreliberty,butlessjoy;
我们的时代更加自由了,但我们拥有的快乐时光却越来越少;
Wehavemuchmorefood,butlessnutrition;
我们有了更多的食物,但所能得到的营养却越来越少了;
Thesearethedaysinwhichittakestwosalariesforeachhome,butdivorcesincrease;
现在每个家庭都可以有双份收入,但离婚的现象越来越多了;
Thesearetimesoffinerhouses,butmorebrokenhomes;
现在的住房越来越精致,但我们也有了更多破碎的家庭;
That'swhyIpropose,thatasoftoday;这就是我为什么要说,让我们从今天开始;
Youdonotkeepanythingforaspecialoccasion.becauseeverydaythatyouliveisaSPECIALOCCASION.
不要将你的东西为了某一个特别的时刻而预留着,因为你生活的每一天都是那么特别;
Searchforknowledge,readmore,sitonyourporchandadmiretheviewwithoutpayingattentiontoyourneeds;
寻找更我的知识,多读一些书,坐在你家的前廊里,以赞美的眼光去享受眼前的风景,不要带上任何功利的想法;
Spendmoretimewithyourfamilyandfriends,eatyourfavoritefoods,visittheplacesyoulove;
花多点时间和朋友与家人在一起,吃你爱吃的食物,去你想去的地方;
Lifeisachainofmomentsofenjoyment;notonlyaboutsurvival;
生活是一串串的快乐时光;我们不仅仅是为了生存而生存;
Useyourcrystalgoblets.Donotsaveyourbestperfume,anduseiteverytimeyoufeelyouwantit.
举起你的水晶酒杯吧。
不要吝啬洒上你最好的香水,你想用的时候就享用吧!
Removefromyourvocabularyphraseslike"oneofthesedays"or"someday";
从你的词汇库中移去所谓的“有那么一天”或者“某一天”;
Let'swritethatletterwethoughtofwriting"oneofthesedays"!
曾打算“有那么一天”去写的信,就在今天吧!
Let'stellourfamiliesandfriendshowmuchwelovethem;
告诉家人和朋友,我们是多么地爱他们;
Donotdelayanythingthataddslaughterandjoytoyourlife;
不要延迟任何可以给你的生活带来欢笑与快乐的事情;
Everyday,everyhour,andeveryminuteisspecial;
每一天、每一小时、每一分钟都是那么特别;
Andyoudon'tknowifitwillbeyourlast.
你无从知道这是否是最后一刻。
课前小测
1.____sheoryougoingtoBeijingnextmonth?
A.WasB.IsC.WereD.Are
2.Tenkilometers____way.
A.arequitelongB.arequitealong
C.isquitealongD.isaquitelong
3.Whatthestudentsneed____goodbooks.
A.isB.areC.haveD.has
4.Thesingeranddancer____yet.
A.don’tcomeB.didn’tcomeC.haven’tcomeD.hasn’tcome
5.Onemilliondollars____alotofmoneyforeveryone.
A.areB.meanC.arethoughtD.is
6.____thatpairofnew____Tony’s?
A.Are;shoesB.Is;shoesC.Are;shoesD.Is;shoe
7.____politicsdifficultforyoutolearn.
A.AreB.DoC.DoesD.Is
8.Halfoftheapple____bad.
A.areB.isC.wereD.has
9.NeitherWeiHuanorhisbrother____afewcitiesinthesouthsincetheywere20yearsold.
A.willvisitB.hasvisitedC.havevisitedD.visited
10.Look!
There____playingwiththechildrenonDongfengSquare.
A.areanumberofdeerB.isanumberofdeer
C.areanumberofdeersD.isanumberofdeers
Ⅰ.主谓一致原则
含义:
在英语句子中,谓语受主语支配,其动词必须和主语在人称和数上保持一致。
分类:
语法一致原则、逻辑意义一致原则、就近原则。
Ⅱ.语法一致原则:
谓语动词和主语在单、复数形式上保持一致。
1.以单数名词或代词、动词不定式短语、动名词短语或从句作主语时,谓语动词一般用单数形式;主语为复数时,谓语动词用复数形式。
Hisfatherisworkingonthefarm.
TostudyEnglishwellisnoteasy.
Readinginthesunisbadforyoureyes.
Whathesaidistrue.
【注意】
★由what引导的主语从句,后面的谓语动词多数情况用单数形式,但若表语是复数或what从句是一个带有复数意义的并列结构时,主句的谓语动词用复数形式。
WhatIboughtwerethreeEnglishbooks.
WhatIsayanddohasnothingtodowithyou.
2,“单数名词+and+单数名词”作主语,谓语动词用复数:
YouandIaregoodfriends.
Theboyandthegirlweresosurprisedwhentheyheardthenews.
【注意】★如果and并列的主语指的是同一个人或物时,谓语动词用单数
a/the+单数名词(人)+and+单数名词(人)+单数谓语
a/the+单数名词(人)+and+a/the+单数名词(人)+复数谓语
Thedancerandsingerwasgreetedbyacrowdofpeople.
Thedancerandthesingerweregreetedbyacrowdofpeople.
★由and连接的并列单数主语前如果分别有no,each,everymorethana(an),manya(an)修饰时,其谓语动词要用单数形式:
Everyman,woman,andchildneedslove.
Eachboyandgirlwasgivenabook.
Everyminuteandeverysecondisprecious.
有些用and连接起来的单数名词,由于关系密切,已被看成一个整体,因而作主语时,谓语单词用单数。
这类名词词组有:
knifeandfork刀叉needleandthread针线
breadandbutter面包和黄油fishandchips炸鱼加薯条
thestarsandstripes星条旗
FishandchipsisapopularfastfoodinEngland.
ThestarsandstripesisthenationalflagoftheU.S.A.
2.主语为单数名词或代词,后面跟有with,togetherwith,except,but,like,aswellas,ratherthan,morethan,nolessthan,besides,including等引起的短语,谓语动词仍用单数形式:
Thefactorywithallitsequipmenthasbeenburnt.
Themanager,alongwithhissecretaries,isgoingtoadinnerpartytonight.
Theteacher,aswellastheparents,istoblamefortheaccident.
3,each;each+单数可数名词;eachof+复数名词作主语时,谓语都用单数形式:
Eacharrivesontime.
Eachofthebuildingispaintedadifferentcolor.
4,由any,some,no,every与body,one,thing构成的不定代词作主语或主语的一部分,谓语用单数:
Everybodyisdoinghisbest.
Thereisnothingyoucandotohelp.
5,在定语从句中,关系代词that,who,which等作主语时,谓语动词的数与先行词的数一致:
Hewholaughslastlaughsbest.
试比较:
Heisoneofmyfriendswhoareworkinghard.
Heistheonlyoneofmyfriendswhoisworkinghard.
6,如果集体名词指的是整个集体,它的谓语动词用单数;如果它指集体的成员,其谓语动词就用复数形式,这些词有army,family,audience,club,class,group,organization,troop等:
Thegraduatingclassisinthelaboratory.
Theclasswereallcheerful.
Ateamwhichisfullofenthusiasmismorelikelytowin.
Theteamweretalkingoversomenewplans.
【注意】people,police,cattle等名词一般都用作复数:
Thepolicearelookingforthelostchild.
7,在倒装句中,谓语动词的数应与其后的主语一致:
Suchistheresult.
Sucharethefacts.
Ⅲ.逻辑意义一致原则:
谓语动词的数必须和主语的意义一致(因有时主语形式为单数,但意义为复数;有时形式为复数,但意义为单数。
)
1.what,who,which,any,more,all等代词可以是单数,也可以是复数,主要靠意思来决定:
Whichisyoufavoritesubject?
Whichareyourfavoritesubjects?
Allisgoingwell.
AllhavegonetoBeijing.
2.表示时间、重量、长度、价值等的名词的复数作主语时,因常表示一个整体的概念,谓语动词常用单数形式:
Eighthoursofsleepisenough.
Tendollarsistoomuchtopayfortheshirt.
3.复数形式的专有名词,如书名、剧名、报名、国名等,其谓语用单数:
TheUnitedNationshasitsheadquartersinNewYorkCity.
TheThameshasalargepopulation.
4.一些学科名词是以-ics结尾,如:
mathematics,politics,physics,以及news,works等,都属于形式上是复数的名词,实际意义是单数名词,它们作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式:
Worldeconomicshasadirecteffectonworldpeace.
Physicswashermajor.
5.“定冠词the+形容词或分词”,表示某一类人时,动词用复数:
Therichgetricherandthepoorgetpoorer.
Thegoodarewellrewarded,andthebadpunished.
Ⅳ.就近原则:
谓语动词的人称与最近的主语保持一致。
1.当两个主语由or;either…or;neither…nor;whether…or…;notonly…butalso连接时,谓语动词和邻近的主语一致:
GeorgeorIamwrong.
EitherJohnorhisfriendsaretoblameforthebadresults.
NeithermybrothernorIamgoingtothesummercamp.
Notonlythestudentsbutalsotheirteacherisinvitedtotheparty.
2.therebe句型be动词单复数取决于其后的主语,则应与靠近的那个主语保持一致:
(here引导的句子用法相同)
Thereisapen,aknifeandseveralbooksonthedesk.
Therearetwentygirlsandonlyoneboyinourclass.
Ⅴ.表示数量的短语作主语时的谓语形式
1.“manya/morethanone+单数名词”作主语时,谓语用单数:
Manyashiphasbeenwreckedonthoserocks.
Morethanonegrammaticalmistakewasfoundinhiscomposition.
2.表示鸟兽鱼群的词,如aflockofbirds,apackofdogs,aprideoflions,aherdofcattle,aschooloffish等作主语,谓语用单数:
Aflockofbirdsiscirclingoverhead.
3.alotof,lotsof,plentyof,thepercentageof,分数词+of,aquantityof,quantitiesof作主语的一部分时,与复数名词连用,谓语用复数形式;与不可数名词连用,谓语用单数形式:
Two-fifthsofthemoneyismine.
Two-fifthsofthestudentsintheclassarefromEnglish-speakingcountries.
Therewasquantitiesofrainthisfall.
4.agreatdealof,anamountof,alittleof,muchof等与不可数名词连用时,谓语用单数:
Muchofthefurnitureisuncomfortable.
Thereisalimitedamountofoilintheworld.
5.agoodmany,agreatmany,anumberof与复数可数名词连用作主语时,谓语用复数:
Therewereagreatmanypeopleinthepark.
Anumberofstudentswereabsent.
【注意】“thenumberof+复数名词+单数谓语”,表示“…的数目”:
Thenumberofdaysinaweekisseven.
主谓一致专项练习题
1.EitherJaneorSteven_____watchingTVnow.
A.wereB.isC.wasD.are
2.Twodays_______enoughformetofinishthework,Ineedathirdday.
A.isn’tB.isC.are’t D.are
3.—Howmanylessonsdoyouusuallyhaveraday?
—Sixlessonsaday.Andeachofthen_____45minutes.
A.lastB.lastsC.haveD.are
4.NeitherLipingnorI_______abasketballplayer.
A.amB.isC.beD.are
5.There______manynewwordsinlessonone,Itisveryeasy.
A.isB.aren’tC.isn’tD.are
6.Thenumberofthestudentsinourschool____1200.
A.isB.areC.hasD.have
7.Maths_______myfavouritesubject.
A.beB.isC.amD.are
8.Theboywiththetwodogs_____whentheearthquakerockedthecity.
A.weresleepingB.issleeping
C.wassleepingD.areasleep
9.EveryoneexceptTomandJohn_____therewhenthemeetingbegan.
A.areB.isC.wereD.was
10.Thatplaceisnotinterestingatall,____ofuswantstogothere.
A.NeitherB.BothC.AllD.Some
11.NobodybutJane_____thesecret.
A.knowB.knowsC.haveknowD.is
12.—What’sontheplate?
someeggsandcakesonit?
—There_____someeggsandcakesonit.
A.isB.areC.wasD.were
13.Thispairofglasses______mine.
A.areB.beC.isD.willbe
14.BothLilyandLucy______tothepartyyesterday.
A.invitedB.wasinvited
C.hadinvitedD.wereinvited
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