原创高中英语阅读理解专题.docx
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原创高中英语阅读理解专题.docx
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原创高中英语阅读理解专题
高考阅读:
通读全文,掌握大意
问题先行,阅读随后
仔细审题,重点再读
全面理解,归纳推理
分析验证,确定答案
阅读理解能力的重要标志是阅读速度和理解力的正确率。
主要考察题型:
主旨大意型;事实细节型;推理判断型;词义猜测型。
高考阅读理解有4篇短文,设置15道单选题,考试时间30分钟。
这就要求考生在处理阅读理解的时候既要"快",又要"准"。
解题注意:
正确处理好复杂句式、生词和选项的关系
与题目无关,不影响理解文章大意的,就不必浪费时间和精力。
相反,那些和题目相关的长难句,我们就要首先分析其类型(是带有较多成分的简单句,还是含有多个简单句的并列句,还是含有多个从句的复合句,还是含有多个插入成分),理清句子成分,去除干扰成分,抓住句子主干!
对待生词也应该采取同样的方法,首先看看生词是否与题目、文章的大意有关,如果是题目要求所必需的,我们就要弄清楚生词所处的语境,以及和下文的联系,推测生词含义,否则就忽略它!
所选有据,忠实原文,避免主观
必须以作者的思维模式为准绳,以原文提供的事实、细节和逻辑关系为基点,切忌自以为。
同时,符合原文的选项是正确选项但不一定就是最佳选项,必须通盘考虑,取主要,舍枝节。
1.阅读题干,明确问题------减少盲目性。
2.快速掌握大意,不在细节上纠缠。
3.可在文中相应处作出标记,以便进一步了解并最终确定答案。
4.带着问题略读原文,确定答案。
知己知彼,减少失误
有时四个选项中总有一个极易误选,因此,了解干扰项的特点,可大大减少失误。
干扰项可分为以下三种:
1.与原文矛盾。
2.无中生有。
即选项与文章内容不矛盾,但在文中没有相关信息支持,没有根据。
这类选项的干扰较大。
在做此类题时,切忌把自己或他人观点作为选择依据。
3.答非所问。
在做此类题时,不仅要判断选项内容的正确性,还应注意选项是否针对题目。
(1)主旨大意题
题干:
Mainidea,topic,title,purpose,aim,meansto
要求在理解全文的基础上对全文进行高度概括或总结。
应该做到:
①寻找主题句,从而抓住全段中心思想,常见位置是段首句或第二句,但也可能在段尾或段中。
②概括全文,寻找文章中心思想。
各段落中心句的整理归纳便是文章的中心思想。
干扰项:
可能是文中某个具体事实或细节;可能是从文中某些(不完全的)事实或细节片面推出的错误结论;可能属非文章事实的主观臆断。
例1
Whetherinthehomeortheworkplace,socialrobotsaregoingtobecomealotmorecommoninthenextfewyears.Socialrobotsareabouttobringtechnologytotheeverydayworldinamorehumanizedway,saidCynthiaBreazeal,chiefscientistattherobotcompanyJimbo.
Whilehouseholdrobotstodaydothenormalhousework,socialrobotswillbemuchmorelikecompanionsthanmeretools.Forexample,theserobotswillbeabletodistinguishwhensomeoneishappyorsad.Thisallowsthemtorespondmoreappropriatelytotheuser.
TheJimborobot,arrangedtoshiplaterthisyear,isdesignedtobeapersonalizedassistant.Youcantalktotherobot,askitquestions,andmakerequestsforittoperformdifferenttasks.Therobotdoesn'tjustdelivergeneralanswerstoquestions;itrespondsbasedonwhatitlearnsabouteachindividualinthehousehold.Itcandothingssuchasremindinganelderlyfamilymembertotakemedicineortakingfamilyphotos.
Socialrobotsarenotjustfindingtheirwayintothehome.Theyhavepotentialapplicationsineverythingfromeducationtohealthcareandarealreadyfindingtheirwayintosomeofthesespaces.
FellowRobotsisonecompanybringingsocialrobotstothemarket.Thecompany's"Oshbot"robotisbuilttoassistcustomersinastore,whichcanhelpthecustomersfinditemsandhelpguidethemtotheproduct'slocationinthestore.Itcanalsospeakdifferentlanguagesandmakerecommendationsfordifferentitemsbasedonwhatthecustomerisshoppingfor.
Themoreinteractiontherobothaswithhumans,themoreitlearns.ButOshbot,likeothersocialrobots,isnotintendedtoreplaceworkers,buttoworkalongsideotheremployees."Wehavetechnologiestotrainsocialrobotstodothingsnotforus,butwithus,"saidBreazeal.
( )23.Wecanlearnfromthelastparagraphthatsocialrobotswill .
A.trainemployees
B.beourworkmates
C.improvetechnologies
D.taketheplaceofworkers
( )24.Whatdoesthepassagemainlypresent?
A.Anewdesignideaofhouseholdrobots.
B.Marketingstrategiesforsocialrobots.
C.Informationonhouseholdrobots.
D.Anintroductiontosocialrobots.
23.本题为推理判断题。
根据最后一段Breazeal的话"Wehavetechnologiestotrainsocialrobotstodothingsnotforus,butwithus,"可以推断出社交机器人可以和我们一起做事情。
24.本题为主旨大意题。
根据全文内容可知,文章主要介绍了社交机器人的功能和作用。
Humanized,humanity,chief,companions,distinguish,respond,response,appropriate,ship,personal,personalized,social,socialize,socialization,assist,assistant,perform,deliver,individual,apply,application,fellow,employ,employee,employment,intend,intention,market,strategy,tactic,-mate~workmate,roommate,classmate
例2
InspiteofthefactthatcarsfromGermanyandJapanarefloodingtheAmericanmarket,Ford,GeneralMotorsandChryslerareemployingmoreworkersthaneverbefore.ThefloodofcheaperforeigncarshasnotcostAmericanautoworkerstheirjobsassomeexpertspredicted.FordoperatesasfarasAsia,andGeneralMotorsisconsideredAustralian'sbiggestemployer.YetGeneralMotorshasitshugeAmericanworkforcea6ndemployshundredsofpeopleeverydaytomeettheneedsofaninsatiable(不能满足的)society.
Whichofthefollowingstatementsbestexpressesthemainideaoftheparagraph?
A.GMisoneofthelargestcarproducers.
B.FordoperatesnotonlyintheU.S.A.,butalsoinAsia.
C.TheforeigncarshavenottakenawaythejobsofAmericanautoworkers.
D.ThefloodofthecheaperforeigncarsisterribleforAmericanautoworkers.
【解析】takesth.awayofsb.和castsb.sth.的意思相似。
本段落以一、二句引出要表达的主题,在主题句出现后,再举例子陈述细节或继续论证。
寻找主题句往往是做好此类题的关键。
每段的主题句(常在首句、尾句、首尾句、段落中和归纳分析)一般都用来表示一个段落的主旨大意。
Flood,predict,predicable,prediction,assert,huge-enormous-gigantic-colossal-considerable-magnificent
例3
Decision-thinkingisnotunlikepoker—itoftenmattersnotonlywhatyouthink,butalsowhatothersthinkyouthinkandwhatyouthinktheythinkyouthink.Thementalprocessissimilar.Naturally,thiscardgamehasoftenbeenofconsiderableinteresttopeoplewhoare,byanystandards,goodthinkers.
ThegreatmathematicianJohnVonNeumannwasoneofthefoundersofgametheory.Inparticular,heshowedthatallgamesfallintotwoclasses:
therearewhathecalledgamesof“perfectinformation”,gameslikechesswheretheplayerscan’thideanythingorplaytricks:
theydon’twinbychance,butbymeansoflogicandskills.Thentherearegamesof“imperfectinformation”,likepoker,inwhichitisimpossibletoknowinadvancethatonecourseofactionisbetterthananother.
Onemistakenideaaboutbusinessisthatitcanbetreatedasagameofperfectinformation.Quitethereverse.Business,politics,lifeitselfaregameswhichwemustnormallyplaywithveryimperfectinformation.Businessdecisionsareoftenmadewithmanyunknownandunknowablefactorswhichwouldevenpuzzlebestpokerplayers.Butfewbusinesspeoplefinditcomfortabletoadmitthattheyaretakingachance,andmanystillprefertobelievethattheyareplayingchess,notpoker.
1.Thesubjectdiscussedinthistextis_______.
A.theprocessofreachingdecisions
B.thedifferencebetweenpokerandchess
C.thesecretofmakinggoodbusinessplans
D.thevalueofinformationinwinninggames
process过程,factor因素,puzzle使疑惑。
首段首句即文章主题,Decision-thinkingisnotunlikepoker,后破折号是解释说明。
后三选项都是用文章细节进行干扰。
Poker,mental,physical,considerableconsiderate,inparticular=particularly,logic,perfect,perfection,perfectionism.imperfect,reverse,inreverse,admit,admission,admitdoingvsadmittodo
例4
Theevidenceforharmonymaynotbeobviousinsomefamilies.Butitseemsthatfouroutoffiveyoungpeoplenowgetonwiththeirparents,whichistheoppositeofthepopularly-heldimageofunhappyteenagerslockedintheirroomafterendlessfamilyquarrels.
Animportantnewstudyintoteenageattitudessurprisinglyshowsthattheirfamilylifeismoreharmoniousthanithaseverbeeninthepast."Weweresurprisedbyjusthowpositivetoday'syoungpeopleseemtobeabouttheirfamilies,"saidonememberoftheresearchteam."They'reexpectedtoberebelliousandselfishbutactuallytheyhaveotherthingsontheirminds;theywantacarandmaterialgoods,andtheyworryaboutwhetherschoolisservingthemwell.There'smorenegotiationanddiscussionbetweenparentsandchildren,andchildrenexpecttotakepartinthefamilydecision-makingprocess.Theydon'twanttorocktheboat."
Soitseemsthatthisgenerationofparentsismuchmorelikelythanparentsof30yearsagototreattheirchildrenasfriends."Myparentsarehappytodiscussthingswithmeandwillingtolistentome,"says17-year-oldDanielLazall,"IalwaystellthemwhenI'mgoingoutclubbing.AslongastheyknowwhatI'mdoing,they'refinewithit."SusanCrome,whoisnow21,agrees."Lookingbackonthelast10years,therewasalotofwhatyoucouldcallnegotiation.Forexample,aslongasI'ddoneallmyhomework,IcouldgooutonaSaturdaynight.ButIthinkmygrandparentswerealotstricterwithmyparentsthanthat."
Maybethispositiveviewoffamilylifeshouldnotbeunexpected.Itispossiblethattheideaofteenagerebellionisnotrootedinrealfacts.Aresearchercomments,"Oursurprisethatteenagerssaytheygetalongwellwiththeirparentscomesbecauseofabriefperiodinoursocialhistorywhenteenagerswereregardedasdifferentbeings.Butthatideaofrebellingandbreakingawayfromtheirparentsreallyonlyhappenedduringthatonetimeinthe1960swheneveryonerebelled.Thenormalsituationthroughouthistoryhasbeenasmoothchangefromhelpingoutwiththefamilybusinesstotakingitover."
Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?
A:
Negotiationinfamily.
B:
Educationinfamily.
C:
Harmonyinfamily.
D:
Teenagetroubleinfamily.
rebellious(叛逆的)。
本文并非开头就告诉主题,而是讲完第一句以后进行转折。
AbutB。
(或者yet,however)。
1.重点在于B;2.A和B形成相反关系。
如果只能看懂A,没关系,B意思相反。
由A可知讲家不和谐,那么取反可知B讲和谐。
看首段(A)Theevidenceforharmonymaynotbeobviousinsomefamilies(关于和谐的证据可能在一些家庭中不明显).(B)Butitseemsthatfouroutoffiveyoungpeoplenowgetonwiththeirparents,whichistheoppositeofthepopularly-heldimageofunhappyteenagerslockedintheirroomafterendlessfamilyquarrels(五个年轻人中有四个都与家长相处的很好,这与大众的印象是相反,在大众印象里,年轻人总是在无休止的家庭争吵之后把自己锁在屋子里).
Evidence,proof,harmony,harmonious,obviousapparent,opposite,image,quarrel,rebel,rebellious,rebellion,serve,server,service,servant,material,negotiate,negotiation,process,proceed,generate,generation,muchmorelikely,willingtodo,aslongas,positivenegative,unexpected,beexpectedtodo,root,comment,brief,beregardedas,situation,smooth
例5
Whatdoyouwanttobewhenyougrowup?
Ateacher?
A
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