河大版备战中考初中英语专项训练阅读理解科普环保类D卷.docx
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河大版备战中考初中英语专项训练阅读理解科普环保类D卷.docx
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河大版备战中考初中英语专项训练阅读理解科普环保类D卷
河大版2020年备战中考初中英语专项训练—阅读理解(科普环保类)D卷
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一、阅读理解(共5题;共52分)
1.(10分)(2019·无锡)阅读短文,从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中,选出最佳选项。
In1845,adeadlydiseasestruckthefarmsofIreland,killingalltheLumperpotatoplants.Inanotherplaceortime,thedeathofsinglecropspecies(物种)mightnothavebeensoimportant.ButinIreland,in1845,peopledependedalmostsolelyonthepotatoforfood.Thedeathofonespeciescausedaterriblefamine(饥荒).Now,somescientistsareworriedthatsuchafaminecouldhappenagain,butonamuchwiderscale.
Overthecenturies,farmershavediscoveredthousandsofdifferentspeciesoffoodcrops.Eachspecieshasspecialqualities.Somecanbegrowninveryhotorcoldclimates.Othersarenotaffectedbycertaindiseases.However,youwon'tfindmanyofthesespeciesinyourlocalsupermarket.TofeedthesevenbillionpeopleonEarth,mostfarmerstodayaregrowingonlyspeciesofplantsandfarmingonlyspeciesofanimalsthatareeasytoproduceinlargenumbers.
Forexample,inthePhilippines,therewereoncethousandsofvarietiesofrice:
nowfewerthan100aregrownthere.InChina,90percentofthewheatvarietiesgrownjustacenturyagohavedisappeared.Scientistsbelievethatoverthepastcentury,wehaveallowedmorethanhalfoftheworld'sfoodvarietiestodisappear.
Onesolutiontothisproblemistocollectandstoretheseeds(种子)asmanydifferentplantvarietiesaswecanbeforetheydisappear.TheideawasfirstsuggestedbyRussianscientistNikolayVavilov.Inthe1920sand1930s,hecollectedaround400,000seedsfromfivecontients.Morerecently,othersarecontinuingtheworkhebegan.
IntheU.S.stateofIowa,DianeOttWhealywantedtoprotecthistoricplantvarieties,liketheseedshergreat–grandfatherbroughttotheU.S.fromGermanymorethanahundredyearsago.SheandherhusbandstartedaplacecalledHeritageFarm,wherepeoplecanstoreandtradeseeds.
Moreimportantly,thepeopleatHeritageFarmdon'tjuststoretheseeds;theyplantthem.Bydoingthis,theyarereintroducingfoodsintothemarketplacethathaven'tbeengrownforyears.Thesefoodspeciesarenotjustspecialintermsofappearanceortaste.Theyalsoofferfarmersfoodsolutionsforthefuture,fromthepast.
(1)Whatisthispassagemainlyabout?
A.Theneedtoprotectdifferentfoodspecies.
B.Howtoincreasethenumberoffoodspecies.
C.Thefactthatmanyfoodspeciesaredyingout.
D.Howtopreventfoodspeciesfromdisappearing.
(2)Whyaresomescientistsworriedthatsuchafaminecouldhappenagain?
A.Becausepeopledependoncertainspeciesoffoodcrops.
B.Becausethesamedeadlydiseasemayattackcropsagain.
C.Becausetheworld'spopulationislargerthanthatin1845.
D.Becausefarmersgrowthesamepotatoesasthoseinthepast.
(3)Thefollowingsentencewouldbestbeplacedattheendof________.
Meanwhile,thousandsofotherspeciesaredyingout.
A.Paragraph1
B.Paragraph2
C.Paragraph3
D.Paragraph4
(4)Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?
A.ThediseasespreadveryquicklyandkilledthousandsofpeopleinIreland.
B.Around80percentofthericevarietiesinthePhilippineshavedisappeared.
C.Peoplehavebeenstoringseedstosaveplanevarietiesforlessthan100years.
D.HeritageFarmisthefirstplaceintheU.S.forpeopletostoreandtradeseeds.
2.(12分)(2019·舟山模拟)阅读理解
SheridanisatowninIndiana,USA.Therearelotsoftreesnearthepublicschoolsinthetown.Theirleavesturnsunlightintoenergy(能量).
InSheridan,thesunnotjustprovidesenergyforplants.Itkeepsschoolsrunning,too.Theschoolsusesolarpanels(太阳能电池板)toturnsunlightintoenergy.
Thesciencebehindsolarenergyisnotnew.ButSheridanCommunitySchoolsisthefirstschooldistrict(学区)inIndianatobecompletelysolar-powered.Thedistrictfinishedputtinginsolarpanelsforallthreeofitsschoolsin2016.Someofthepanelscanturntofollowthesunacrossthesky.
In2008,fewerthan1.000schoolsusedsolarpower.By2014,therewere3,727schoolswithsolarpanelsintheUSA.ThesenumberscomefromareportbytheSolarFoundation.RoxieBrown,aprogramdirectortheresaidthatthenumberofschoolswithsolarpanelshascontinuedtogoupsince2014.
Solarenergyhassomeadvantagesoverotherenergysources(来源).Sunlightisarenewablesource,whichmeansitwon'trunout.Solarpanelsdon'tharmtheenvironment.Also,sunlightisfree.Sobyusingsolarpower,schoolscansavemoneyonenergycosts.
Brownthinksmoreschoolsshouldrunonsolarenergy."ThesunisEarthsenergysource,"shesays."We'retryingtomakeittheenergysourceforourhousescarsandschools,too."
Butusingsolarenergyisn'talwayseasy.Solarpanelscanbeexpensivetoputin.Thepanelsalsotakeupspace.Butformanyschools,goingsolarisworthit.
(1)Whatdoestheunderlinedword"It"referto?
A.Aplant.
B.Thesun.
C.Adistrict.
D.Thesolarpanel.
(2)SheridanCommunitySchoolsputinsolarpanels .
A.in2008
B.forallitsschools
C.withthehelpoftheSolarFoundation
D.togetherwithother1,000schoolsintheUSA
(3)Whatdoestheunderlinedword"renewable"meaninChinese?
A.可开发的
B.可替代的
C.可再生的
D.可加工的
(4)Whichofthefollowingisthewriter'sopinion?
A.Solarpanelswilltakeuplessspace.
B.Itmaycostalottoputinsolarpanels.
C.Itwillneverbedifficulttousesolarenergy.
D.Goingsolarisawisechoiceforeveryschool.
3.(10分)根据短文理解,完成下列各题。
RecentresearchfromthePewInternetProjectsuggeststhat90%ofAmericansagedfrom12to17usetheInternet,and51%ofthoseteensusesocialnetworks.However,therearemanypossibleproblemswithsocialnetworkingsitesandtheteenagerswhousethem.
Apartfromthesocialadvantages,socialnetworkingsitescanbeusedtorecordschoolresearch,developartistictalentsandexperimentwithotherformsofsubjectcreation.Theyprovideawaytocommunicatewithotherswhosharethesameinterestsandtogethelpfuladviceonongoingprojects.
Alongwiththeseadvantagescomesomedangers.Forexample,mostsocialnetworkingsitesareopentoall,especiallyMySpace,whichisthemostpopularsocialnetworkamongteensinAmerica.Itmeansthattheycouldbeputinunpleasantandfrighteningsituations.
Agreaterdangeristhatteensmaybecomeobjectsofthepeoplewithsecretpurposes.Thesecrecyofsomesocialnetworkingsitesmakesiteasyfordangerouspeopletofindyoungteensandinvitethemintodangerousconversations.It'seasyforthemtopretendasteensanddrawchildrenintodangerousreal-worldcommunicationaswell.Thenfurtherhurtmightbeonitsway.
Anotherdangerisidentitystealing,whichcanhappenwhenteenssharetoomuchinformationabouttheirnames,datesofbirthandlocations.
Therefore,it'sveryimportanttomakesureteensaresafewhentheyusesocialnetworks.
Manyofthesamerulesthatworkforonlinechatworkforthesesites:
※Don'tuseyourrealname.
※Don'tgiveoutpersonalinformationtopeopleyoudon’tknow.Alastnameandatownareenoughforabadguytofindwhereyouare.
※Don'tbelievethatpeoplearewhotheysaytobe.
※Immediatelyendanycommunicationthatmakesyouuncomfortableandreportittoaparent.
Onlyifyouaresureofyoursafety,canyouenjoythefunbroughtbysocialnetworking.Besides,tryingtodealwithallproblemsonyourowncanleadtoterribleresults.Remember,askingyourparentsorschoolofficialsforhelpdoesn’tmeanyouareunabletodoanythingbutwiserthanmanyothers.
(1)
Howmanydangersofusingsocialnetworksarementionedinthepassage?
A.2
B.3
C.4
D.5
(2)
ThewritertakesMySpaceasanexampletoshowthat________.
A.studentscouldbeputintounrealsituationsontheInternet
B.teenagersarefacingunknowndangersonthesocialnetworks
C.InternetprovidesmoresocialwebsitestoAmericanteenagers
D.socialnetworksareverypopularamongteenagersinAmerica
(3)
Wecaninferfromthepassagethat________.
A.thedangersaresimilarwhenchattingonlineandsurfingsocialnetworks
B.morethanhalfAmericanteenagersagedfrom12to17usesocialnetworks
C.teenswhoaskforhelparewiserwhenmeetingproblemsonsocialnetworks
D.therearemoredisadvantagesthanadvantagesforteenstousesocialnetworks
4.(10分)(2019八上·长兴月考)阅读理解
Theyearis2045.AgoalisscoredatthesoccerWorldCup.Isthatpossible?
Manyscientistsbelieveitis.Infact,therearealreadyrobotsthatcanplaysoccer.Today'sscientistsareworkingonrobotswithvariousskills.
Whenpeoplestartedmakingrobots,theyweremadetodojustsimplethings,mainlyinfactories.Sincethen,however,robotshavechangedalot.Earlyrobotswereoperatedbyhumans.Today'srobotsfunction(运行)themselves.Somecanonlymovearoundalittle,likerobotcleaners,butotherscandomuchmorelikerunning,dancingandevenplayingsoccer.
Thentherearerobotsdesignedtobelikehumans.Theserobotshavefacesandcanshowemotions(表情).Suchrobotscanlearnnewthings,andshowushowthey"feel".
Scientistsaren'tjustbuildinghumanlikerobots.Theyarealsomakingrobotsthatlookandactlikeanimals.AtNASA,scientistsaremakingarobotsnake.It'sakindofvehicleswithwheels.Thesesnakebutscanenterholesandmoveoverrough(粗糙的)ground.TheymightonedayhelpscientistslookforsignsoflifeonMars.
Butcanarobotsoccerteameveroperateallontheirown,orplayaswellasahumanteam?
Manyrobots
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