综合教程第四册Unit 11 Text IThe Story of An Eyewitness 词汇.docx

综合教程第四册Unit 11 Text IThe Story of An Eyewitness 词汇.docx

《综合教程第四册Unit 11 Text IThe Story of An Eyewitness 词汇.docx》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《综合教程第四册Unit 11 Text IThe Story of An Eyewitness 词汇.docx（28页珍藏版）》请在冰豆网上搜索。

综合教程第四册Unit11TextITheStoryofAnEyewitness词汇

THESTORYOFANEYEWITNESS

JackLondon

1TheearthquakeshookdowninSanFranciscohundredsofthousandsofdollarsworthofwallsandchimneys.Buttheconflagrationthatfollowedburneduphundredsofmillionsofdollarsworthofproperty.Thereisnoestimatingwithinhundredsofmillionstheactualdamagewrought.

◆conflagration:

n.（formal）averylargefirethatdestroysalotoflandorbuildings

大火灾；大火

◆wrought:

v.（formalorliterary）（usedonlyinthepasttense）causedsthtohappen,especiallyachange使发生了，造成了（尤指变化）

e.g.Thiscenturywroughtmajorchangesinouorsociety.

本世纪给我们的社会带来了重大变革。

Thestormwroughthavocinthesouth.

这场暴风雨在南方造成了巨大的灾害。

2Notinhistoryhasamodernimperialcitybeensocompletelydestroyed.SanFranciscoisgone.Nothingremainsofitbutmemoriesandfringeofdwellinghousesonitsoutskirts.Itsindustrialsectioniswipedout.Itsbusinesssectioniswipedout.Itssocialandresidentialsectioniswipedout.Thefactoriesandwarehouses,thegreatstoresandnewspaperbuildings,thehotelsandthepalacesofthenabobs,areallgone.RemainsonlythefringeofdwellinghousesontheoutskirtsofwhatwasonceSanFrancisco.

◆imperial:

adj.（onlybeforenoun）1）connectedwithanempire帝国的；皇帝的

e.g.theimperialfamily/palace/army皇室家族；皇宫；皇家陆军

imperialpower/expansion皇权；帝国的扩张

2）connectedwiththesystemformeasuringlength,weightandvolumeusingpounds,inches,etc.（度量衡）英制的

◆wipeout:

1）wipesbout:

（informal）tomakesbextremelytired使疲惫不堪

e.g.Allthattravellinghaswipedherout.

一路舟车辛劳让她疲惫不堪。

2）wipesb/sthout:

（oftenpassive）todestroyorremovesb/sthcompletely

彻底毁灭；全部摧毁

e.g.Wholevillageswerewipedoutbytheearthquake.

地震把整座整座的村庄夷为平地。

Lastyear’sprofitswerevirtuallywipedout.

去年的利润几乎全都赔光了。

acampaigntowipeoutmalaria

消灭疟疾的运动

◆nabob:

n.1）aMuslimrulerorofficerintheMogulempire

（印度莫卧儿帝国时代的）穆斯林官员，穆斯林地方行政长官

2）arichorimportantperson富豪；要人

3Withinanhouraftertheearthquakeshock,thesmokeofSanFrancisco’sburningwasaluridtowervisibleahundredmilesaway.Andforthreedaysandnightsthisluridtowerswayedinthesky,reddeningthesun,darkeningtheday,andfillingthelandwithsmoke.

◆lurid:

adj.（disapproving）1）toobrightincolor,inawaythatisnotattractive

俗艳的；花哨的

2）（especiallyofastoryorpieceofwriting）shockingandviolentinawaythatisdeliberate

（故意地）骇人听闻的，令人毛骨悚然的

e.g.luridheadlines骇人的标题

Thepapergavealltheluriddetailsofthemurder.

这份报纸对这起凶杀案骇人听闻的细节描述得淋漓尽致。

4OnWednesdaymorningatquarterpastfivecametheearthquake.Aminutelatertheflameswereleapingupward.InadozendifferentquarterssouthofMarketStreet,intheworkingclassghettoandinthefactories,firesstarted.Therewasnoopposingtheflames.Therewasnoorganization,nocommunication.Allthecunningadjustmentsofatwentieth-centurycityhadbeensmashedbytheearthquake.Thestreetswerehumpedintoridgesanddepressions,andpiledwiththedebrisoffallenwalls.Thesteelrailsweretwistedintoperpendicularandhorizontalangles.Thetelephoneandtelegraphsystemsweredisrupted.Andthegreatwatermainshadburst.Alltheshrewdcontrivancesandsafeguardsofmanhadbeenthrownoutofgearbythirtyseconds’twitchingoftheearth-crust.

◆quarters:

n.（pl.）roomsthatareprovidedforsoldiers,servants,etc.tolivein

（士兵、服务人员等的）营房，宿舍，住房

e.g.Weweremovedtomorecomfortablelivingquarters.

我们搬进了较舒适的住处。

marriedquarters已婚军人的宿舍

◆ghetto:

n.（pl.–os/-oes）1）anareaofacitywheremanypeopleofthesameraceorbackgroundlive,separatelyfromtherestofthepopulation.Ghettosareoftencrowded,withbadlivingconditions（相同种族或背景人的）聚居区；贫民区

e.g.apoorkidgrowingupintheghetto

在贫民区长大的穷孩子

ThesouthcoastofSpainhasbecomesomethingofatouristghetto.

西班牙南海岸可以说已经成为旅游者的聚居区。

2）theareaofatownwhereJewswereforcedtoliveinthepast

（昔日城市中的）犹太人居住区

◆cunning:

adj.1）（disapproving）abletogetwhatyouwantinacleverway,especiallybytrickingorcheatingsb狡猾的；奸诈的；诡诈的syn:

crafty,wily

e.g.acunningliar花言巧语的骗子

Hewasascunningasafox.他像狐狸一样狡猾。

2）cleverandskilful灵巧的；精巧的；巧妙的syn:

ingenious

e.g.Itwasacunningpieceofdetectivework.

那是一篇构思巧妙的侦探作品。

◆smash:

v.1）tobreaksth,ortobebroken,violentlyandnoisilyintomanypieces

（哗啦一声）打碎，打破，破碎

e.g.Severalwindowshadbeensmashed.几扇窗户噼里啪啦打碎了。

Hesmashedtheradiotopieces.他啪的一声把收音机摔得稀巴烂。

Theglassbowlsmashedintoathousandpieces.

玻璃碗咣的一声摔了个粉碎。

2）tomovewithalotofforceagainststhsolid;tomakesthdothis

（使）猛烈撞击，猛烈碰撞

e.g.thesoundofwavessmashingagainsttherocks

浪涛猛烈撞击礁石的声音

Thecarsmashedintoatree.汽车猛地撞到了树上。

Marksmashedhisfistdownonthedesk.马克狠狠地把拳头砸在桌上。

3）tohitsthveryhardandbreakit,inordertogetthroughit

（用力）撞开，击穿，闯过

e.g.Theyhadtosmashholesintheice.他们只好奋力在冰上凿洞。

Theelephantsmasheditswaythroughthetrees.大象横冲直撞，闯过树丛。

Wehadtosmashthedooropen.我们只得用力把门撞开。

Theyhadsmashedthroughaglassdoortogetin.

他们砸破一道玻璃门进去了。

4）tohitsth/sbveryhard猛击syn:

slam

e.g.Hesmashedtheballintothegoal.

他一记劲射，球进了。

5）todestroy,defeatorputanendtosth/sb捣毁；打败；粉碎；使结束

e.g.Policesaytheyhavesmashedamajordrugsring.

警方说他们摧毁了一个大贩毒集团。

Shehassmashedtheworldrecord（=brokenitbyalargeamount）.

她大破世界纪录。

6）~sth（up）:

tocrashavehicle撞毁（车辆）

e.g.He’ssmashed（up）hisnewcar.他把自己的新车撞毁了。

7）tohitahighballdownwardsandveryhardoverthenet打高压球；扣球

Phrasalverbs:

1smashsthdown:

tomakesthfalldownbyhittingithardandbreakingit

（用力）击倒，打翻

e.g.Thepolicehadtosmashthedoordown.警察不得不破门而入。

2smashsthin；tomakeaholeinsthbyhittingitwithalotofforce

（用力）打破，撞坏

e.g.Vandalshadsmashedthedoorin.破坏分子把门撞破了。

（informal）

Iwantedtosmashhisfacein（=hithimhardintheface）.

当时我真想把他的脸打瘪。

3smashsthup:

todestroysthdeliberately（蓄意）捣毁，破坏

e.g.Youthshadbrokenintothebarandsmashedtheplaceup.

一群年轻人闯进酒吧，把里面砸了个乱七八糟。

◆hump:

v.1）（BrE）tocarrysthheavy背负（重物）

e.g.I’vebeenhumpingfurniturearoundallday.我扛了一整天的家具。

2）（taboo,slang）tohavesexwithsb

◆ridge:

n.1）anarrowareaofhighlandalongthetopofalineofhills;ahighpointedareanearthetopofamountain山脊；山脉

e.g.walkingalongtheridge沿着山脊行走

thenorth-eastridgeoftheMatterhorn马特峰的东北部

◆depression:

n.1）（U）amedicalconditioninwhichapersonfeelsverysadandanxiousandoftenhasphysicalsymptomssuchasbeingunabletosleep,etc.抑郁症；精神忧郁

e.g.clinicaldepression临床抑郁症

Shesufferedfromseveredepressionafterlosingherjob.

她失业后患了严重的抑郁症。

2）（U,C）thestateoffeelingverysadandwithouthope抑郁；沮丧；消沉

e.g.Therewasafeelingofgloomanddepressionintheofficewhenthenewsofthejobcutswasannounced.

裁员消息宣布时办公室里一片忧郁和沮丧的气氛。

3）（C,U）aperiodwhenthereislittleeconomicactivityandmanypeoplearepoororwithoutjobs萧条期；经济衰退；不景气

e.g.Thecountrywasinthegripof（an）economicdepression.

当时国家处于经济萧条期。

thegreatDepressionofthe1930s20世纪30年代的经济大萧条

4）（C）（formal）apartofasurfacethatislowerthanthepartsaroundit

洼地；凹地；坑syn:

hollow

e.g.Rainwatercollectsinshallowdepressionsontheground.雨水积在地上的浅坑里。

5）（C）（technical）aweatherconditioninwhichthepressureoftheairbecomeslower,oftencausingrain低气压；气压降低

◆debris:

n.（U）1）piecesofwood,metal,brick,etc.thatareleftaftersthhasbeendestroyed

残骸；碎片；破片

e.g.Emergencyteamsarestillclearingthedebrisfromtheplanecrash.

各抢救小组仍在清理失事飞机的残骸。

2）（formal）piecesofmaterialthatarenotwantedandrubbish/garbagethatareleftsomewhere

残渣；垃圾；废弃物

e.g.Clearawayleavesandothergardendebrisfromthepond.

把池塘里的树叶和其他庭院垃圾清除干净。

◆perpendicular:

adj.1）~（tosth）（usuallytechnical）forminganangleof90°withanotherlineorsurface;verticalandgoingstraightup垂直的；成直角的

e.g.Arethelinesperpendiculartoeachother?

这些直线相互垂直吗？

Thestaircasewasalmostperpendicular（=verysteep）.

楼梯几乎成垂直的了。

2）Perpendicular（architecture）connectedwithastyleofarchitecturecommoninEnglandinthe14thand15thcenturies,thatmakesuseofverticallinesandwidearches

垂直式的（英国14、15世纪盛行的建筑风格，以使用垂直线和大拱为特征）

◆disrupt:

v.1）tomakeitdifficultforsthtocontinueinthenormalway扰乱；使中断；打乱

e.g.Demonstratorssucceededindisruptingthemeeting.

示威者成功地扰乱了会议。

Busserviceswillbedisruptedtomorrowbecauseofthebridgeclosure.

明日公共汽车将因大桥停止通行而受影响。

disruption:

n.（U,C）

e.g.Weaimtohelpyoumovehousewithminimumdisruptiontoyourself.

我们的宗旨是帮您搬家，并尽量减少它给您带来的不便。

disruptionstorailservices对铁路交通的干扰

Thestrikecausedseriousdisruptions.

罢工造成了严重的混乱。

◆shrewd:

adj.1）cleveratunderstandingandmakingjudgementsaboutasituation

精明的；敏锐的；有眼光的；精于盘算的syn:

astute

e.g.ashrewdbusinessman精明的商人

Sheisashrewdjudgeofcharacter.她看人看得很准。

2）showinggoodjudgementandlikelytoberight判断得准的；高明的

e.g.ashrewdmove高招

Ihaveashrewdideawhothemysterycallerwas.

这个神秘的来访者是谁，我能猜个八九不离十。

◆contrivance:

n.（formal）1）（C,U）（usuallydisapproving）somethingthatsbhasdoneorwrittenthatdoesnotseemnatural;thefactofseemingartificial

非自然之物；人工产物；矫揉造作

e.g.Thefilmisspoiltbyunrealisticcontrivancesofplot.

这部电影被不实际的牵强情节给毁了。

Thestoryistoldwithacompleteabsenceofcontrivance.

这故事讲得毫不矫揉造作。

2）（C）acleverorcomplicateddeviceortoolmadeforaparticularpurpose

精巧（或复杂）的装置；专用工具

3）（C,U）acleverplanortrick;theactofusingacleverplanortrick

计谋；圈套；计谋的（或圈套的）采用

e.g.aningeniouscontrivancetogethertosignthedocumentwithoutreadingit

使她未经过目就签署文件的妙计