完整版初中英语语法之现在完成时讲解练习答案.docx
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完整版初中英语语法之现在完成时讲解练习答案.docx
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完整版初中英语语法之现在完成时讲解练习答案
★现在完成时语法讲解
1.构成
现在完成时是由助动词have(has)+动词的过去分词构成。
助动词说明该谓语是属于现在时范围。
它和主语的人称、数要保持一致。
过去分词是主要的谓语动词,说明句子的意义。
2.用法
(1)表示动作发生在过去某个不确定的时间,但对现在留下了某种影响和结果。
常被just、already、yet等副词修饰。
如:
-Haveyouhadlunchyet?
-Yes,Ihave.I'vejusthadit.
你(已经)吃午饭了吗?
我刚刚吃过。
(现在我不饿了)
(2)表示从过去某一时刻开始一直持续到现在的动作或状态。
这个动作可能刚停止,可能仍然在进行。
常带有for和since等表示一段时间的状语。
如:
Hehastaughtheresince1981.
他自1981年就在这儿教书。
(可能还要继续教)
Ihaven'tseenherforfouryears.
我有四年没见到她了。
3.结构
1). 陈述句结构:
主语+have(has)(not)+过去分词+其它。
havenot=haven’t hasnot=hasn’t.
2). 一般疑问句结构:
Have(Has)+主语+过去分词+其它?
3). 特殊疑问句:
特殊疑问词+have(has)+主语+过去分词+其它?
e.g.Hehasalreadyfinishedhishomework.
Hehasn’tfinishedhishomeworkyet.
Hashefinishedhishomeworkyet?
--Yes,hehas./No,hehasn’t./No,notyet.
4)表示说话前发生过一次或多次的动作,现在成为一种经验,一般译为汉语“过”,常带有twice,ever,never,threetimes等时间状语。
如:
IhavebeentoBeijingtwice.我去过北京二次。
4.现在完成时的时间状语
(1)现在完成时属于现在时范围,故不能和过去的时间状语连用。
如:
yesterday,lastSunday,in1990,threeyearsago等。
但是,在强调动作产生的后果和影响时,可以和一些表示不确定的时间状语连用。
a.用副词already和yet。
already一般用于肯定句中,yet一般用于否定句和疑问句中。
如:
Wehavealreadyfinishedourhomework.我们已完成作业了。
Theyhaven'tfinishedtheirhomeworkyet.他们还没有完成作业。
b.用ever和never。
多用于否定或疑问句中,表示“曾经”或“从未“等。
如:
-HaveyoueverbeentotheGreatWall?
你曾经去过长城吗?
-IhaveneverbeentotheGreatWall.我从未去过长城。
c.用表示到说话为止的过去时间状语,如just,before,uptonow,thepastfewyears等。
例如:
Ihaveseenherbefore,butIcannotrememberwhere.
我以前见过她,但记不起在哪里见过。
Hehasbeentherethreetimesthelastfewdays.
近几年他去过那里三次了。
d.用包括“现在”在内的时间状语,如:
now,today,thismorning(month,year,term)等。
例如:
-Haveyoumethimtoday?
-No,Ihaven't.
今天你见过他吗?
我没有。
Howmanytimeshaveyoubeentherethisyear?
今年你去过那里多少次?
(2)现在完成时可以和带有since或for等表示“一段时间”的状语连用,表示动作或状态从某一时刻开始,一直持续到现在。
如:
Ihaven'tseenhimfortwoyears. 但是,像come,arrive,buy等终止性动词不能与表示“一段时间”的状语连用。
要用,必须改为“be(在)”等延续性动词来表述
现归纳总结一下由非延续性动词到延续性动词的转换:
arrive→behere begin(start)→beon
die →bedead comeback→beback
leave→beaway fallill(sick,asleep)→beill(sick,asleep)
getup→beup goout →beout
finish→beover puton →wear或beon
open →beopen join →bein或beamemberof…
close →beclosed gotoschool→beastudent
borrow →keep buy →have
catch(acold)→have(acold) gettoknow→know
begintostudy→study cometowork→work等
如:
Hehasbeenasoldierforthreeyears.他参军三年了。
Hisfatherhasbeendeadfortwoyears.他父亲去世二年了。
Thefilmhasbeenonfortenminutes.电影已开始十分钟了。
WehavestudiedEnglishforthreeyears.我们(开始)学英语已三年了。
5.现在完成时和一般过去时的区别
现在完成时和一般过去时都表示在过去完成的动作。
但现在完成时强调的是这一动作与现在的关系。
如对现在产生的结果或影响等,而一般过去时只表示动作在过去某一时刻发生,不表示和现在的关系。
试比较:
Ihavelostmynewbook. 我把新书丢了。
(现在还未找到)
Ilostmynewbookyesterday.我昨天把新书丢了。
(昨天丢的,现在找到与否没说明)
6.几点注意事项
(1)havebeen(to)与havegone(to)的区别:
havebeen(to)表示“去过某地(现在已经回来了)”,可用于各人称;havegone(to)表示“去某地了(说话时某人不在当地)”,常用于第三人称,前者可与once,never,severaltimes等连用,后者则不能。
如:
TheyhavebeentoBeijingtwice.他们去过北京两次。
HehasgonetoBeijing. 他去北京了。
(2)如单纯表示一段时间,或强调一段时间,虽有since一词,也不必用完成时。
如:
Itistwoyearssincehisfatherdied.=Hisfatherhasbeendeadfortwo years.他父亲去世已有三年了。
(3)终止性动词现在完成时的否定式,已变成一种可以延续的状态,因此可以和表示一段时间的状语连用。
如:
Ihaven'tleftheresince1997.自从1997年以来,我一直没有离开过这儿。
★现在完成时练习
[Exercises7]A)用have(has)been或have(has)gone填空。
A:
Where____________LiFei___________?
B:
He____________toHainanIsland.
A:
Howlong___________he___________there?
B:
He_____________thereforthreedays.
A:
Whenwillhecomeback,doyouknow?
B:
I’mafraidhewon’tcomebackrecently.
A:
CouldyoutellmethewaytoHainanIsland?
B:
Sorry,I_________never___________there.
A:
Howmanytimes___________LiFei__________tothatplace?
B:
He_____________thereonlyonce.
B)用have/hasbeento/in,havegoneto的各种形式填空。
WhereisJack?
He__________hiscountry.
John_______Englandsincehecameback.
Howlong_____have_____thisvillage?
TheSmiths______Beijingforyears.
_____youever____America?
--Yes,I_____theremanytimes.
I_____thisschoolsincethreeyearsago.
C)选择填空
( )1.Jim'sbeentotheGreatwallbefore,__________he?
(A)isn't (B)wasn't (C)hasn't (D)doesn't
( )2.She'sneverbeentoEngland, _______she?
(A)has (B)hasn't (C)isn't (D)is
( )2.___________hasHanmeibeeninthelibrary.
(A)Howlong (B)Howsoon (C)Howfar (D)Howoften
( )3.Howlong___he______thelibrarybook.
(A)has,borrow (B)has,kept (C)has,bought (D)did,buy
( )4.MrGreenisn'tintheoffice,He__________tothelibrary
(A)has gone (B)went (C)has been (D)will go
( )5.Mrsmith_______toTokyoandhewillbebackinaweek
(A)has been (B)has visited (C)has sent (D)has gone
( )6.They_________Chinafortwoyears
(A)have been to (B)have been in
(c)have gone to (D)have come to
[Exercises10]A)按要求把短暂性转换为延续性动词
①arriveat/insw.getto/reachsw.come/go/movetosw.
→beinsw./atschool/athome/onthefarm/behere/bethere(sw.为somewhere的缩写)
HegottoBeijingfiveminutesago.
He__________________________Beijingfor__________________.
ImovedtotheUSAlastyear.
I__________________________theUSAsince____________________.
Iwenthomeyesterday.
I________________________homefor___________________.
Theycameherelastweek.
They__________________heresince___________________.
②come/goback,return→beback come/goout→beout
Hecameouttwoyearsago.
He____________________________for____________________.
WereturntoFuzhouyesterday.
We_________________________toFuzhousince__________.
③become→be
Ibecameateacherin2000.
I________ __________ateacherfor__________________.
Theriverbecamedirtylastyear.
Theriver__________________dirtyfor___________________.
④close→beclosed open→beopen
Theshopclosedtwohoursago.
Theshop__________________________for__________________.
Thedooropenedatsixinthemorning.
Thedoor________________________forsixhours.
⑤getup→beup die→bedead
leavesw.→beawayfromsw.
fallasleep/gettotsleep→beasleep
finish/end→beover marry→bemarried
Igotuptwohoursago.
I________________________since________________.
HeleftFuzhoujustnow.
He________________________________Fuzhouforfiveminutes.
Mygrandpadiedin2002.
Mygrandpa______________________for_______________.
Themeetingfinishedatsix.
Themeeting____________________forsixhours.
Igottosleeptwohoursago.
I__________________________since___________________.
Theymarriedin1990.
They___________________________since_________.
⑥start/begintodosth.→dosth. begin→beon
Ibegantoteachatthisschoolin1995.
I________atthisschoolsince____.
Thefilmbegantwominutesago.
Thefilm____________for________.
⑦borrow→keep lose→nothave buy→have puton→wear
catch/getacold→haveacold gettoknow→know
Theyborroweditlastweek.
They__________________itsince____________________.
Iboughtapentwohoursago.
I__________________apenfor__________________.
Igottoknowhimlastyear.
I___________________himsince____________________.
Iputonmyglassesthreeyearsago.
I____________________myglassesfor__________________.
⑧have/hasgoneto→havebeenin
HehasgonetoBeijing.
He_____________Beijingfortwodays.
⑨jointheleague/theParty/thearmy
→bealeague/aPartymember/asoldier
→beamemberoftheleague/theParty
→beintheleague/theParty/thearmy
Hejoinedtheleaguein2002.
He_________________a__________________fortwoyears.
He__________________a_____________________the__________fortwoyears.
He__________________________________theleaguefortwoyears.
Mybrotherjoinedthearmytwoyearsago.
Mybrother____________________a___________for______________________.
Mybrother______________________in_______________________fortwoyears.
C)选择填空
( )2.Herfather______in1990andherhusband______formorethanfiveyears
(A)died,dead(B)hasdied,dead(C)died,hasbeendead(D)hasdied,hasdied
( )3.Ihave_____thisnicewatchfortwoyears
(A)had (B)bought (C)borrowed (D)lend
( )4.He_____hishomefortenyears
(A)has left (B)left from (C)has been away from (D)was away from
( )5.He_____aleaguememberforthreeyears
(A)is (B)has been (C)has become (D)have become
( )6.Lihua'sbrotherhas_______fortwoyears
(A)joinedthearmy (B)beenan army
(C)becomeasoldier (D)beeninthearmy
( )7.He hasn't_____Quanzhoueversinceheleftschool
(A)left (B)been away (C)been (D)away
[Exercises11]选择填空
( )1.——Haveyoufinishedyourhomework
——Yes,I_______itlastnight
(A)finish (B)finished (C)have finished (D)will finish
(
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