级第3周商务英语翻译练习及答案.docx

级第3周商务英语翻译练习及答案.docx

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级第3周商务英语翻译练习及答案

2010级第3周商务英语翻译练习及答案

一、英译汉：

LabourandCapital

Moneyisnotonlyameansofexchangebutisalsoameansofmeasuringthevalueofmen’slabour.Ineconomictheory,‘labour’isanyworkundertakeninreturnforafixedpayment.Theworkundertakenbyamotherincaringforherchildrenmaybehardwork,butitreceivesnofixedpayment.Itisnotthereforelabourinthestricteconomicsense.

Asascientist,theeconomistisinterestedinmeasuringtheserviceswhichpeoplerendertoeachother.Althoughheisawareoftheserviceswhichpeopleprovidefornofinancialreward,heisnotconcernedwiththeseservices.Heisinterestedessentiallyinserviceswhicharemeasurableintermsofmoneypaymentsofafixedand/orregularnature.Ineconomics,moneyisthestandardbywhichthevalueofthingsisjudged.Thisstandardisnotareligiousorsubjectivestandard,butanobjectiveandscientificone.

Humanlabourproducesbothgoodsandservices.Theactivitiesofafarmworkerandanurseareverydifferent,butbotharemeasurableintermsofpaymentreceived.Labourinthissenseisnotconcernedwithdistinctionsofsocialclass,butsimplywiththepaymentofwagesinreturnforwork.Whenwetalkabout‘thenationallabourforce’,however,wearethinkingofallthosepeoplewhoareavailableforworkwithinthenation,i.e.theworkingpopulation.

Itshouldbenotedthatanypersonengagedinprivatebusinessisnotpaidafixedsumforhisactivities.Heisself-employedandhisactivitiesarepartlythoseofanemployerandpartlythoseofanemployee.Ifhoweverheemploysanassistant,towhomhepaysafixedwage,hisnewemployeeprovideslabourinreturnforpayment.Hereceivedhiswages,whilehisemployerreceivesthesurplus（largeorsmall）fromthewholebusiness.Thissurplusistherewardofprivateenterpriseandisknownas‘profit’.

Labourisanyworkperformedforanemployeratanegotiatedratewhileprofitisthesurpluswhichaccumulatesasaresultofproductivework.Theemployerobtainsthissurplusafterhepaysthenecessaryexpenseofhisbusinessandthewagesofhisemployees.Hemayberequiredtosharethesurpluswithotherswhohaveprovidedthecapitalwithwhichhestartedhisbusiness.Mostbusinessesneedcapitalinordertostartproductivework,andthecapitalpaysfortheaccommodation,machineryandotheritemswhichthebusinessneeds.Thereisalwaysanelementofriskinprovidingcapitalandstartingabusiness.Thebusinessmaynotbesuccessful.Theemployeesofthebusinessdonotbearthisrisk,buttheemployersandtheprovidersofcapitaldobearit.Ifthebusinessissuccessful,theriskhasbeenjustifiedandtheinvestedcapitalearnspartoftheprofitsasareturnontheinvestment.

Thecapitalwhichpeopleprovidetohelpnewbusinessesisanaccumulationofprevioussurplusesonpreviousbusinessactivities.Inthiswaythepastisusedtofinancethefuture.Suchcapitalisaccumulatedbyadeliberatepolicyofsavingsurpluses.Thispolicymaybepersonalandindividual,oritmaybepublicandcollective.Assuch,itiscommontoboththecapitalisticandcommunisticsystems.Inbothsystems,acertainpartoftheprofitsisploughedbackintothesysteminordertocreatecapital.

Ingeneralterms,capitalcanbedefinedas

（1）afactorofproduction（forexample,machineryorcash）;

（2）theassetspossessedbyaperson,acompanyoranation.Land,housesandsharesinabusinessarecapital.Intermsofthestate,allrailways,docks,roads,airportsandstatefundsofmoneyarepartofthenation’scapital.

二、汉译英：

金融体制改革

中国金融体制的改革目标是建立符合中国特色社会主义市场经济的现代金融体系、现代金融制度和良好的金融秩序。

这包括有计划分步骤地进行中国人民银行管理体制和国有商业银行、中国人民保险（集团）公司的商业化改革；发展城市商业银行等地方性金融机构，建立健全多类型、多层次的金融机构体系；按金融企业的基本属性建立各项经营管理制度，要求所有金融企业依法自主经营，严禁任何部门和个人干预金融企业的业务，同时要求金融业承担经营责任风险；进一步完善金融法律体系，依法整顿和规范金融秩序；切实加强金融机构内部自律控制机制；建立市场经济条件下的金融监管制度，在国有全国性金融业成立监事会等等。

ThereformofChina’sfinancialsystemaimsatestablishingamodernfinancialsystemwithasoundfinancialorder,asystemthatagreeswithaChinese-typesocialistmarketeconomy.EffortswillbemadetoreformthemanagementsystemofthePeople’sBankofChinaandturnstate-ownedcommercialbanksandthePeople’sInsuranceCo.ofChinaintofull-fledgedcommercialentitiesinaplannedandstep-by-stepmanner,developurbancommercialbanksandotherlocalfinancialinstitutions,andestablishafinancialsystemcomposedofdiversified,multi-levelfinancialinstitutions.Managementsystemswillbeestablishedinaccordancewiththebasicattributionofvariousfinancialenterprises,andallfinancialinstitutionsshouldoperateindependentlyaccordingtolaw.Neitherinstitutionnorindividualisallowedtointerferewithnormalbusinessoperationsoffinancialinstitutions.Financialinstitutionsshouldbeaccountablefortheirownrisks,furtherimprovethefinanciallegalsystem,rectifyandstandardizefinancialorderinaccordancewithlaw,andstrengthentheconstructionofinternalcontrolsystems.Itisalsoimperativetoestablishafinancialsupervisionsystemundertheconditionsofamarketeconomy,andsupervisoryboardswillbesetupinallstate-ownednationalfinancialinstitutions.

中国特色：

Chinesecharacteristics；Chineseelements；Chinesefeature；Chinese-style

建立现代金融制度，其中很重要的是要创造条件，按国际清算银行确定的原则对银行进行管理，对其业务实行资产负债比例管理和风险管理。

这些改革措施正在逐步加以落实。

金融制度改革的目标是经过几年的努力，使国有商业银行的管理水平达到国际上比较先进的商业银行的管理水平。

在中央银行机构改革方面，将在今后几年内建立若干个跨省、自治区、直辖市的一级分行，地区行和县行基本保留，但要转换职能。

这一改革将影响中国金融业20年甚至30年。

Intheefforttoestablishamodernfinancialsystem,animportanttaskistocreateconditionsforexercisingmanagementoverthebanks’liabilityrateonassetsandtoensuretheircapabilityofpreventingfinancialrisksinaccordancewiththeprinciplessetbyinternationalclearingbanks.Thesereformmeasuresarebeingactualizedinastep-by-stepmanner.Thegoalforthefinancialreformisthatwithseveralyearsofeffortsthemanagementlevelofstate-ownedcommercialbankswillberaisedtothatoffairlyadvancedcommercialbanksintheworld.Withregardtothecentralbank’srestructuring,anumberofcross-provincial,cross-autonomousregionalandcross-municipalfirst-levelbranchbankswillbeestablishedinthenextfewyears.Prefecturalandcountybankswillbekeptprincipally,buttheirfunctionswillbeshifted.ThisreformwillexertinfluenceonChina’sfinancialsectorforaslongas20,oreven30,years.

商务英语翻译实例：

长句、难句结构分析与参考译文

1.TheAmericaneconomicsystemisorganizedaroundabasicallyprivate-enterprise,market-orientedeconomyinwhichconsumerslargelydeterminewhatshallbeproducedbyspendingtheirmoneyinthemarketplaceforthosegoodsandservicesthattheywantmost.

[参考译文]美国的经济体系是以基本的私有企业和市场导向经济为架构的，在这种经济中，消费者很大程度上通过在市场上为那些他们最想要的商品和服务付费来决定应该生产什么。

2.Thus,intheAmericaneconomicsystemitisthedemandofindividualconsumers,coupledwiththedesireofbusinessmentomaximizeprofitsandthedesireofindividualstomaximizetheirincomesthattogetherdeterminewhatshallbeproducedandhowresourcesareusedtoproduceit.

[参考译文]因此，在美国的经济体系中，个体消费者的需求与商人试图最大化其利润的欲望和个人想最大化其收入的欲望相结合，一起决定了应该生产什么，以及如何利用资源进行生产。

3.If,ontheotherhand,producingmoreofacommodityresultsinreducingitscost,thiswilltendtoincreasethesupplyofferedbyseller-producers,whichinturnwilllowerthepriceandpermitmoreconsumerstobuytheproduct.

[参考译文]另一方面，如果大量生产某种商品导致其成本下降，那么这就有可能增加卖方和生产商提供的供给，而这也就会反过来降低价格并允许更多的消费者购买产品。

4.IntheAmericaneconomy,theconceptofprivatepropertyembracesnotonlytheownershipofproductiveresourcesbutalsocertainrights,includingtherighttodeterminethepriceofaproductortomakeafreecontractwithanotherprivateindividual.

[参考译文]在美国经济中，私有财产的概念不仅包含对生产资源的所有权，也指其他一些特定的权利，包括确定一种产品的价格或与另一个私人个体（经济单位）自由签定合同的权利。

5.Atthesametimethesecomputersrecordwhichhoursarebusiestandwhichemployeesarethemostefficient,allowingpersonnelassignmentstobemadeaccordingly.Andtheyalsoidentifypreferredcustomersforpromotionalcampaigns.

[参考译文]同时这些计算机记录下哪些时间是最忙的，哪些员工工作效率最高，这样就能相应地做出人员的人事安排。

而且它们（计算机）也能为促销活动找到那些拥有优先权的顾客。

6.Numerousothercommercialenterprises,fromtheaterstomagazinepublishers,fromgasandelectricutilitiestomilkprocessors,bringbetterandmoreefficientservicestoconsumersthroughtheuseofcomputers.

[参考译文]不计其数的其他商业企业，从剧院到杂志出版商，从公用燃气电力设施到牛奶处理厂，都通过计算机的使用给消费者带来更好、更有效的服务。

7.Exceptionalchildrenaredifferentinsomesignificantwayfromothersofthesameage.Forthesechildrentodeveloptotheirfulladultpotential,theireducationmustbeadaptedtothosedifferences.

[参考译文]残疾儿童在许多关键方面都与其同龄人不同。

为了让这些孩子发展其全部的成人后的潜能，他们的教育必须适应这些不同。

8.Thegreatinterestinexceptionalchildrenshowninpubliceducationoverthepastthreedecadesindicatesthestrongfeelinginoursocietythatallcitizens,whatevertheirspecialconditions,deservetheopportunitytofullydeveloptheircapabilities.

[参考译文]在过去的30年中，公共教育中显示的对残疾儿童的巨大关注表明了我们社会中的一种中强烈的情绪，那就是所有的公民，不管其情况有多特殊，都应享有充分发展其能力的机会。

9.Itservesdirectlytoassistarapiddistributionofgoodsatreasonableprice,therebyestablishingafirmhomemarketandsomakingitpossibletoprovideforexportatcompetitiveprices.

[参考译文]它（广告）能够直接帮助货物以比较合理的价格迅速分销出去，因此可以（使公司）建立一个坚固的国内市场，同时也使以具有竞争力的价格提供出口变得可能。

10.Apartfromthefactthattwenty-sevenactsofParliamentgovernthetermsofadvertising,noregularadvertiserdarepromoteaproductthatfailstoliveuptothepromiseofhisadvertisements.

[参考译文]除去议会有27件法案来规范广告的条件，没有任何一个老广告商敢于推销一种产品却不能兑现其在广告中的承诺。