阅读题库及问题详解整理.docx
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阅读题库及问题详解整理.docx
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阅读题库及问题详解整理
一、古生物篇
1.Animalminds:
ParrotAlex鹦鹉
1.firstly,Alexhasgraspedquitealotofvocabulary(notgiven)
2.Atthebeginningofthestudy,Alexfeltfrightenedinthepresenceofhuman.(Notgiven)
3.Previously,manyscientistsrealizedthatanimalpossesstheabilityofthinking.(False)
4.Ithastakenalongtimebeforepeoplegettoknowcognitionexistinginanimal.(True)
5.AsAlexcouldapproximatelyimitatethesoundsofEnglishwords,hehascapableofroughlyansweringIrene’squestionsregardingtheworld.(True)
6.Bybreakinginotherparrotsaswellasproducingtheincorrectanswers,hetriedtofocused.(False)
AfterthetrainingofIrene,ParrotAlexcanusehisvocaltracttopronouncemorethan100Englishwords,whileotherscientistsbelievethatanimalhavenothisadvancedabilityofthinking,theywouldratherteachchimpanzees.Pepperbereclarifiedthatshewantedtoconductastudyconcerningaviancognition,butnottoteachhimtotalk.Thestore’sassistantpickedoutabirdatrandomfrohersakeofavoidingotherscientistssayingthatthebirdisparticularlychosenafterwards.
11.whatdidAlexreplyregardingthesimilarityofthesubjectsshowedtohim.Color
12.WhatistheproblemoftheyoungparrotsexceptAlex?
Wrongpronunciation.
13.Tosomeextent,throughthewayhebehavedwhatwecancalhim?
Teenager.
2.BiomimeticDesign生物仿生设计
1.AndrewParkerfailedtomakeeffectivewaterdevicewhichcanbeusedindesert.(NOTGIVEN)
2.Skinoflizardeasytogetwetwhenitcontactswater.(False)
3.Scientistsapplyinspirationfromnatureintomanyartificialengineering.(True)
4.Tinyandthinhairundergecko’sfeetallowsittosticktothesurfaceofobject.(True)
5.Whengeckoclimbsdownward,itsfeetreleaseacertainkindofchemicaltomaketheadhesive(NOTGiven)
6.Famouscasesstimulatealargenumberofsuccessfulproductsofbiomimeticsinreallife.(false)
7.Velcroiswell-knownforitsbionicsdesign.(True)
8.RonaldFearingmadetinycomponentsofroboticflyincomputerbyspecializedtechniques.
9.Theroboticfly’smainstructureoutsideismadeofcarbon-fiberandlongandthinwireswhichmakeitunlikeaflyatall.
10.Cutkoskyappliedanartificialmaterialinstickybot’slimbsasatendontosplitpressurelikelizard’sdoes.
11.Stickybot’sfeetdoesn’thaveself-cleaningfunctionwhichmakesitonlybeabletowalkonsmoothsurface.
12.DAPPaareplanningtousestickybotforsurveillance.
13.Cutkoskyassumethatstickybotfinallyhaspotentialinlifesavingorotherhuman-relatedactivities.
3.Communicationincolor(用颜色交流)
1.whichsituationcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatachameleonswilldisplaythemosteye-catchingcolor?
Whenarivalshowshiscontrasttothebackground.
2.whichoneisnotmentionedasthecasethatachameleonswillchangeitscolor?
Whenalurkingchameleonwanttohideitcolorationinbackgroundavoidbeingattackedbyabird.
3.whatkindofclimatedomostchameleonslivein?
tropical
4.Whatwasthenewspeciesnamedafter?
Magomheraeforest.
5.Whichpartofthebodyisuniquetothespecieskinyongiaagomberae?
Nose
6.Fewcreaturescanchangecoloraseffectivelyascuttlefish(true)
7.chameleonscanimitateapatternprovidedtherearemorethantwocolors.(True)
8.chameleonsappeartoenjoytryingoutnewcolors(notgiven)
9.Sizemattersmorethancolorwhenmalechameleonscompete.(false)
10.afterafight,thedefeatedmalehidesamongbranchesofatree.(notgiven)
11.thepopularexplanationofwhychameleonschangecolorhasbeenprovedwrong(true)
12.therearemorepredatorsofchameleonsisgrasslandhabitatsthaninothers.(Notgiven)
13.measuringanimla’svisualsystemsnecessitatesremovingthemfromtheirhabit.(false)
4.Copyyourneighbor(向邻居学习)
6.Allbutterflies’colorsofwingsreflectthesenseofwarningtootherpredators.False
7.Insectsmyimitatebutterflies’wingpatternaswell.(True)
8.Flyingaltitudeofbutterflyisdeterminedbytheirfoot(Notgiven)
9.Baccaloniagreedwithflightheighthypothesisanddecidedtoreassureitsvalidity(False)
10.Jatunsachahastherichestdiversityofbreedsintheworld(Notgiven)
11.Beccalonihasmoredetailedrecordsonthelocationofbutterflycollectionthanothers(ture)
12.Whichiscorrectaboutbutterfliesflightaltitude?
Eachbutterflyhasitsownfavorableheight.
13.WhichiscorrectaboutBeccaloninextinvestigationafterflightheight?
Trytofindconnectionsbetweenlarvalheightandadultones.
5.Extinct:
theGiantdeer(巨鹿的灭绝)
HavingbeenpreservedwellinEuropeandcentralAsia,theremainsoftheIrishelkwasinitiallyfoundapproximately40,000yearsago.Around8000yearsago,theyweredriventoliveintheplainafterbeingrestrictedtotheUralMountains.HuntingwasconsideredasoneoftheimportantfactorsofIrishelk’sextinction,peoplehavenotstartedhuntinguntile7000yearsagowhenIrishelkusedtogetthroughunderavarietyofclimaticfluctuations.ThehugeantlersmaypossiblycontributetothereasonwhyIrishelkextinct,whichwashighlycontroversialasthepleasantlyoverthespanofwoodedinterglacials.Certainly,itiswellknownthat,atthelastmaximumiceage,mammalsbecomeextinctabout10,500yearsago.
33.whatkinkofphysicalcharacteristicseventuallycontributedtotheextinctionofIrishilk?
male’shugeantlers.
34.WhatkindofnutrientsubstanceneededinmaintainingthehugesizeofIrishelk?
Minerals
35.WhatgeographicalevidencesuggestedtheadventofhumanresultedintheextinctionofIrishelk?
Habitatdestruction.
6.Fossilfiles”thepaleobiologyDatabase”(古化石数据库)
23.ChoosetwocorrectdescriptionaboutthePaleobiologyDatabaseinthispassage.
Intriguesbothpositiveandnegativeopinionsfromvariousexperts.
Aimstoembraceallfossilsinformationglobally.
25.accordingtothepassage,jellyfishbelongstowhichcategoryofthepaleobioologyDatabase?
Untraceablespecies.
26.whatistheauthor’ssuggestionaccordingtotheendofthepassage?
Trytocreateadatabaseoflivingcreature.
7.GiantFallinAmericas(消失的巨兽)
1.Mammothsareanimalsthat
Facedextinctionatleast10000yearsago.
2.Clovispeopleisagroupofpeoplewhomaybethemaincauseofextinctionofmammoths.
3.ChristopherJohnsonsuggestedthatresearchersinthepassagemaynotbecontradictorytoeachother.
10.wheredidgiantgroundslothlive?
TheAmericas
11.Whichfossilscouldberegardedasevidenceofvegetableconsumedinafire?
charcoal
12.Whatkinkoftoolsdidtheclovisdeveloptohuntvanishingmammoths?
spearpoints
8.Healthinthewild(动物健康)
1.ItisfortenyearsthatDrEngelhasworkingonanimalself-medication.True
2.Inordertofindplantsformedication,animalsusuallyneedtowalkalongdistance.Notgiven
3.BirdssuchasMacaw,areseeneatingclaybecauseitisapartotheirnaturaldiet(False)
4.AccordingtoDrEngel,itisexpectingthatresearchintoanimalself-meditationcanbehelpfulintheinventionofnewpainkillers.false.
5.Chimpanzeesfood(pitchofveronia)----containedchemicalsnamedterpeneswhichcankillparasites.
6.Macawfood(seeds---containalkaloidsandclay)----claycandetoxifythepoisonouscontentsinthefood.
7.Chimpanzee(foodLeaveswithtinyhooksonsurface)---suchleavescancatchandexpelwormsfromintestines.
Animalself-medicationhasbeensupportedbyanincreasingamountofevidence.Oneofthemiscalledgeophagy,asoil-consumingbehaviorcommonlyfoundacrossanimalspecies,Becauseearth,especiallyclay,canneutralizethetoxiccontentoftheirdiet.SimilarbehaviorcanalsobefoundamonghumansinAfrica,wherepatientswillbuyclaytabletsasmedicalstallstohealthem.Anotheroneisrelatedtochimpswhoeatleaveswithunpleasanttasteprobably,butwithmedicalvalueduetotheirspecialstructure.
9.MammothKill(猛犸的灭绝)
Thereasonwhybigsizemammalsextincted11,000yearsagoisunderhotdebate.Firstexplanationisthathuntingofhumanmadeithappen.Thisissocalledoverkillmodelbeganfrom1960ssuggestedbyanexpert,whohoweverreceivedcriticismoflackoffurtherinformation.Anotherassumptionisthatdeadlydiseasefromhumancausestheirdemises.Macphee,whosupportedthisidea,suggestedthatherequiredempiricalevidencetotestifyitsvalidity.GrahamproposedathirdhypothesisthatclimaticinstabilityinPleistoceneepochdrovesomespeciesdisappear,reducedgeographicalrangesposedasignaltothesegiants,andYoungerDryaseventfinallywipedthemout.
10.Numeracy:
cananimalstellnumbers?
1.monkeysperformanceoftwogroupsisalmostidentical
2.Chickschosebetweentwosetsofballsofshapeswhicharealtered
3.Cootsbirdseemstohaveabilitytocalculate
4.Salamandersofferedcleartubescontainingdifferentquantitiesoffruitflies
5.Mosquitofishtheseareusedtocheckinfluenceoftotalsurfaceareaandbrightness
6.Beeshadtolearnwheresugarwaterwasstored
7.Primatesarebetteratidentifyingthelargertotwonumbersifoneismuchbiggerthanother.True
8.Jurgentautztrainedtheinsectsinhisexperimenttorecognizetheshapesofindividualnumbers?
False
9.Theresearchinvolvingyoungchickstookplaceovertwoseparatedays.Notgiven
10.Theexperimentwhichchickssuggeststhatsomenumericalabilityexistsinnewbornanimals.True
11.Researchershaveexperimentedbyalteringquantitiesofnectarorfruitsavailabletocertainwildanimals.Notgiven
12.Whenassessingthenumberofeggsintheirnest,cootstakeintoaccountthoseofotherbirds.True.
11.Rightwhales
Thescientistshavestudiedrightwhalebysettingupanarchive(存档).oneoftheirinterestsisawhalenamedCalvinwholostitsmumwhenitwasveryyoung.Scientistswereworriedaboutthebabywhale’sfutureuntilitappearedagaininJuly1993.Late
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