全国高等教育自学考试现代语言学考试试题.docx
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全国高等教育自学考试现代语言学考试试题.docx
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全国高等教育自学考试现代语言学考试试题
全国2001年10月高等教育自学考试现代语言学试题
第一部分选择题
一、单项选择题(本大题共10小题,每小题2分,共20分)在每小题列出的四个选项中只有一个选项是符合题目要求的,请将正确选项前的字母填在题后的括号内。
8.Thewayinwhichpeopleaddresseachotherdependsontheirage,sex,socialgroup,andpersonalrelationship.TheEnglishsystemofaddressformsfrequentlyusedincludesfirstname,lastname,title+last name,_______,andkinterm.
A.title+firstnameB.title+title
C.titlealoneD.firstname+lastname+title
9.Languageandthoughtmaybeviewedastwoindependentcirclesoverlappinginsomeparts.When anguageandthoughtareidenticalorcloselyparalleltoeachother,wemayregardthoughtas"subvocal speech,"andspeechas"_______".()
A.vocalthoughtB.subvocalthought
C.covertthoughtD.overtthought
10.Whcihofthefollowingbeststatesthebehavioristviewofchildlanguageacquisition?
_______.()
A.Languageacquisitionisaprocessofhabitformation
B.Languageacquisitionisthespecies-specificpropertyofhumanbeings
C.Childrenarebornwithaninnateabilitytoacquirelanguage
D.Humansareequippedwiththeneuralprerequisitesforlanguageandlanguageuse
第二部分非选择题
二、填空题(本大题共10小题,每小题1分,共10分。
)
11.Inthecourseoftime,thestudyoflanguagehascometoestablishcloselinkswithotherbranchesof s________studies,suchassociologyandpsychology.
12.Clear[1]anddark[1]areallophonesofthesameonephoneme/1/.Theynevertakethesameposition insoundcombinations,thustheyaresaidtobeinc________distribution.
13.Ar________isoftenseenaspartofaword,butitcanneverstandbyitselfalthoughitbearsclear, definitemeaning.
14.Ac________sentencecontainstwoormoreclauses,oneofwhichisincorporatedintheother.
15.Thatthedenialofonememberoftwowordsimpliestheassertionoftheotheristhecharacteristicof c________antonyms.
16.Whilethemeaningofasentenceisabstractanddecontextualized,thatofanu________isconcreteand context-dependent.
17.Phonologicalrulesmaymovephonemesfromoneplaceinthestringtoanother.Forexample,Modern EnglishverbaskwasOldEnglishaskian,withthe/k/precedingthe/s/.Soundchangeasaresultof soundmovementisknownasm________.
18.Inmanysocietiesoftheworld,wefindalargenumberofpeoplewhospeakmorethanonelanguage.Asa
characteristicofsocieties,b________inevitablyresultsfromthecomingintocontactofpeoplewith differentculturesanddifferentlanguages.
19.Thebrain’sneurologicalspecializationforlanguageiscalledlinguisticI________,whichisspecificto humanbeings.
20.Inordertoacquireasecondlanguage,learnerswillsubconsciouslyusetheirfirstlanguageknowledgein learningasecondlanguage.Thisisknowaslanguaget________.
三、判断说明题(本大题共10小题,每小题2分,共20分。
)判断下列各题正误,正者在括号内写“T”,误者在括号内写“F”,并说明理由。
()21.Inthehistoryofanylanguagethewritingsystemalwayscameintobeingbeforethespokenform.
()22.InEnglish,longvowelsarealsotensevowelsbecausewhenwepronouncealongvowelsuch as/i:
/,thelarynxisinastateoftension.
()23.Acompoundisthecombinationofonlytwowords.
()24.“Thestudent”inthesentence“Thestudentlikedthelinguisticlecture.”,and“Thelinguistic lecture”inthesentence“Thelinguisticlecturelikedthestudent.”belongtothesamesyntactic category.
()25.Linguisticformshavingthesamesensemayhavedifferentreferencesindifferentsituations whilelinguisticformswiththesamereferencealwayshavethesamesense.
()26.Animportantdifferencebetweenpresuppositionandentailmentisthatpresupposition,unlike entailment,isnotvulnerabletonegation.Thatistosay,ifasentenceisnegated,theoriginal presuppositionisstilltrue.
()27.ThedivisionofEnglishintoOldEnglish,MiddleEnglish,andModernEnglishis nonconventionalandnotarbitrary.
()28.Languagereflectssexisminsociety.Languageitselfisnotsexist,justasitisnotobscene;butit canconnotesexistattitudesaswellasattitudesaboutsocialtaboosorracism.
()29.Ifachildisdeprivedoflinguisticenvironment,heorsheisunlikelytolearnalanguage successfullylateron.
()30.Whenchildrenlearntodistinguishbetweenthesoundsoftheirlanguageandthesoundsthatare notpartofthelanguage,theycanacquireanysoundsintheirnativelanguageoncetheirparents teachthem.
四、名词解释题(本大题共10小题,每小题3分,共30分。
)
31.culturaltransmission(asadefiningfeatureofhumanlanguage)
32.phonicmediumoflanguage
33.voicing
34.inflectionalmorphemes
35.reference
36.locutionaryact
37.protolanguage
38.ethnicdialect
39.registers
40.acculturation
五、论述题(本大题共2小题,每小题10分,共20分。
)
41.Whydowesaytreediagramsaremoreadvantageousandinformativethanlinearstructureinanalyzing theconstituentrelationshipamonglinguisticelements?
Supportyourstatementwithexamples.
42.Describetheprocessoflanguageperception,comprehensionandproduction.:
全国2001年10月高等教育自学考试
现代语言学试题参考答案
课程代码:
00830
一、单项选择题(本大题共10小题,每小题2分,共20分)
1.A2.A3.B4.C5.D
6.A7.B8.C9.D10.A
二、填空题(本大题共10小题,每小题1分,共10分)
11.socialplementary
13.rootplex
plementary16.utterance
17.metathesis18.bilingualism
19.lateralization20.transfer
三、判断改错题(本大题共10小题,每小题2分,共20分)
21.F
Thecontraryistrue.Thewritingsystemisalwaysalaterinvention.
22.T
23.F
Somecompoundscontainmorethantwowords.
24.T
25.F
Itisfalsebecauselinguisticformswiththesamereferencemightdifferinsense.Acaseinpointis thetwoexpressions"morningstar"and"eveningstar."Theyrefertothesamestarbutdifferin sense.
26.T
27.F
ThedivisionofEnglishintoOldEnglish,MiddleEnglish,andModernEnglishisconventionaland somewhatarbitrary.
28.T
29.T
30.F
Childrenfirstacquirethesoundsfoundinalllanguagesoftheworld,nomatterwhatlanguagethey areexposedto,andinlaterstagesacquirethe"moredifficult"sounds.
四、名词解释题(本大题共10小题,每小题3分,共30分)
31.Oneofthemajordefiningfeaturesofhumanlanguage.Humansarebornwiththeabilitytoacquirea language,butdifferentfromanimals,theactualuseofhumanlanguageisnotgeneticallytransmitted, ratheritisculturallytransmitted,i.e.ithastobetaughtandlearnt.
32.Thelimitedrangeofsoundsthatareusedinhumanlanguagecommunication,i.e.thespeechsounds.
33.Voicingisaphoneticfeatureofsomesounds.Itiscausedbythevibrationofthevocalcords.
34.Inflectionalmorphemesaremorphemesthatareusedtoindicatethegrammatrcalrelationsand categories,suchas-ed,-(e)s,-estinEnglish.
35.Referenceiswhatalinguisticformreferstointherealworld;itisamatteroftherelationship betweentheformandthereality.Forexample,ifwesay,"Thedogisbarking,"wemustbetalking aboutacertaindogknowntoboththespeakerandthehearerinthesituation.Theactualdogthe word"dog"referstointhisparticularsituationisthereferenceoftheword"dog".
36.Locutionaryactreferstotheactofutteringwords,phrases,andclauses.Itistheactofconveying literalmeaningbymeansofsyntax,lexiconandphonology.Forexample,bysaying"Youhaveleft thedoorwideopen",thelocutionaryactperformedbythespeakeristhathehasutteredallthewords andexpressedwhatthewordsliterallymean.
37.Aprotolanguageistheoriginalformofalanguagefamilythathasceasedtoexist.Theprotoform canbereconstructedbyidentifyingandcomparingsimilarlinguisticformswithsimilarmeanings acrossrelatedlanguages.
38.Anethnicdialectisasocialdialectofalanguage,oftencuttingacrossregionaldifferences.Itis spokenmainlybyalessprivilegedpopulationthathasexperiencedsomeformofsocialisolation, suchasracialdiscriminationorsegregation.
39.Registersarelanguagevarietiesappropriateforuseinparticularspeechsituations,incontrastto languagevarietiesthatareassociatedwiththesocialorregionalgroupingoftheircustomaryusers. Forthisreason,registersarealsoknownassituationaldialects.
40.Acculturationreferstoaprocessofadaptingtothecultureandvaluesystemofthesecondlanguage community.
五、论述题(本大题共2小题,每小题10分,共20分)
41.Inadditiontorevealingalinearorder,aconstituentstructuretreehasahierarchicalstructurethat groupswordsintostructuralconstituentsandshowsthesyntacticcategoryofeachstructural constituent,andconsequentlyisbelievedtomosttruthfullyillustrateconstituenrelationship amonglinguisticelements.
Forexample,thephrase"theoldmenandwomen"mayhavetwointerpretations,i.e.the adjective"old”maymodifythenoun"men",orthefollowingtwonouns"menandwomen".Linear orderanalysiscannottellthisdifference,soitisambiguous.Whereas,theconstituentortree diagramsanalysiscanmakethisdifferenceclear.So,wesaytreediagramsaremoreadvantageous andinformativethanlinearstructureanalysis.
Theoldmenandthewomentheoldmenandtheoldwomen
42.Fromtheperspectiveofpsycholinguisticanalysis,languageuseintermsof perception,comprehensionandproductionfollowsacertainpatternwhichinvolvesthecoordination ofvariouslanguagecenters.
Whenwespeak,wordsaredrawnfromWernicke’sareaandtransferredtoBroca’sarea,which determinesthedetailsoftheirformandpronunciation.Theappropriateinstructionsarethensentto hemotorareawhichcontrolsthevocaltracttophysicallyarticulatethewords. Whenwehearsomethingandtrytocomprehendit,thestimulusfromtheauditorycortexis transmittedtoWernicke’sarea,whereitistheninterpreted. Whenweperceiveavisualimage,amessage
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