南京新东方GRE写作笔记 day one.docx
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南京新东方GRE写作笔记 day one.docx
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南京新东方GRE写作笔记dayone
06/10/2013
作文笔记整理
Typesofwriting
AI:
analysisanissue
AA:
analysisanargument
Foreachtype,wehave30minstofinish.Generally,abstractand
1Foranalysisanissue,topicandinstructionshouldbetakencare.
For“extent”:
youshouldshowthedegreeofdisagreeandagreesincetheGREessayisnottheeasilyone-sideessay.
Forposition:
opinions
Explainreasonswithexamples
Analysisofdetails
Payattention,instructionismoreimportantandatleastequaltothetopicwhichwilldecidethewholestructureofessay.
2Foranalysisanargument
Whenreadingtheargument,thecriticallogicflowismostconcerned.
Thereareseveraltypesoferrors
(1)Nototalamountforpercentagewhichisusedforanalysis
(2)Therelationbetweentwothingsisunclearorabsolute.Specifically,“either….or….”showsonlyonewaytodoand“river’ssmelldoesnotresultfrompollution.”
(3)For“insurvey”type,“When”,“Where”and“How”arethreethingsweneedtotakecaresincethesethreeelementsaremoreabouttheaccuracyofsurvey.
(4)Like=emotion,goodatdoing=abilityoffinishing
ThestepsofAA
(1)Readingcarefully
(2)definelogicalholes
(3)attachlogicalholes
(4)explaindetailswithexamples
thetypesofessaytopic
(1)Education
(2)Technology
(3)Environment
(4)Leadership
(5)Law
(6)Polities
(7)Art
(8)Media
Insum,Education60﹪
Technology20﹪
1Education
Moreknowledgeoptions
Moreinformationandknowledgewillhelppeopletounderstandandexplainsomethingmoreclearlyorleadtomorecomplicated.
2Technology-efficiencyandsimplification
IsolationVsrelationship
Theconvenienceandhelpoftechnology
Exploration/curiosity
Technologydisconnectuswithnature(themostbigproblem)
3Environment
Doyouagreeordisagreetheanimalsshouldbeprotectedbecauseofhumanbegins’behavior
Notlikepreviousessay,thereisnoabsolutewhite/blackone.Wealwayshavetoputouressayinagrayzonewhichismoreobjectiveandeffective.
4leadership
Inordertofutureyoungbusinessorpoliticalleaders,forcooperationandcompetition,whichismoreimportantelement.
Forgoodessays,itneedstofollowthefollowingfourelements:
clearwritingwhichmeansthatreaderscanunderstandessaywithoutanyfeedbackfromwriters;insightful;organizationof
Essay;Languageitself.
5Law
Example:
Doyouagreeordisagreefollowingthejustlawsandobeyandagainstunjustlaws
Whotodefinewhetherthelawsarejusticeornot
Madebygovernmentcannotbejustforeveryoneindividual
Agingnation
Lawsshouldbeorganizedandbydifferentconditionsandsituations
Exoneratednotsupposetobe
Quixotic/unrealistic
Utopian
6Politics
7Art
8Media
ThetopicsinGREarenotalwaysjustaboutonetypeones.Actually,wealwaysneedtodealwithtopicswhicharecombinedbytwotypes.
Foragoodessay,weneedtospecificallyverygoodexamples
1美国黑人农奴种族歧视的例子
TheHelp
InterracialRacism
RoseParksmotherofAmericandomestic
Alicewalker–thecolorpurple/racism
UncleTom’scabin
Bookscanbeusedtogiveexamples
(1)Powerfulbooks
(2)历史性事件
RodneyKing1992LA/RAGE/RIOT/Protesting/unrest/revolt
Eradication
Suspension劝退留校察看
KKK/Klanextreme极端主义者
MalcolmX/Segregation/Advocate/assassination
2大难不死逃出生天的例子
Pushlimits/againstallodds
Unbroken(坚不可摧)
NelsonMundela/27years
Unshakablecommitmenttofreedom
Viciouscircle良性循环
Virtuouscircle恶性循环
MayaAngelous著名黑人女诗人
《Mybelovedworld》
《leanin》CCOofFacebook
《unward》星巴克
Turnitaround把公司的业绩拉起来
3大屠杀的例子
红色高棉
KhmerRovge
75million
AnneFrank’sdiary安妮日记
TherapeofNanjing张纯如
Graphic血淋淋的
Cannibalism食人cannibalisticcannibal
4成功与失败(丑闻)
Oprah
LizMurray伊丽莎白朱莉
FromHtoH风雨哈佛路
Breakingnight破晓
LanceArmstrong兰斯阿姆斯特朗
Whitewash漂白
麦道夫旁氏诈骗案
GregMortensonstonetoschool
5环境恶化
SilentSpring寂静的春天
DDT/pesticide/insecticide
关于GRE评分的标准
5分和6分的区别
对于6分作文有以下的要求
Developthepositionfullywithcompellingreasonsor/andpersuasiveexamples
Love/Humanbeing/achievement
Reasons/convincing
Personalreasons
Journals
WashingtonPost
StevenJohnson
TED
WhereGoodIdeasComeFrom
Effectivevocabularyandsentencevariety
Effectivewordsmeansaccurateandspecificones./repetition/clear
Children
Theyoung
Youths
Youngsters
Juveniledelinquency
Teenagers
Climbthemountain
Group
Pin
Creative
Knowledge/information
Topic-specific
Appropriate
Majestic
Trendy
Glamorous
Kill
Strangle
Develop
Foster
Ignite/mypotential/debate
Effectivewordscanbeinsteadofonelongsentenceforexplainsomethingclearly.
需要主客观结合
文章中不需要都是亮点,亮点也是需要衬托的
写作中句型的选择
1)Simplesentenceforhighlightshortsentencescanbepowerful
Runonsentence
2)Compoundsentence
3)Conjunction
4)解释抽象和短的东西Explain/illustratesomethingshortlength/alink
ConjunctionHowever,Further,And
Studentsallclaimedthattheyunderstandabouttheirteachers’classes,butmanyofthemfailedtheexamsbasedontheteaching.
3)complexsentence
Fragment伴随状态
Withoutmyfather’shardwork,Icouldhavestudiedabroad
Detailsyouneedtoshow
4)subordinateclause
Which,where,when
Examples/explain
灵活使用标点符号
在文章中为了提高文章的可读性和吸引力,一般使用多样性的的标点符号。
1)改写定语从句,把定语从句内容放到“()”里面
2)使用分号连接两个相关的句子
Myparentsloveme;Ilovemyparents.
3)使用破折号连接陈述句和解释句子或者使用“----……----“在句子中插入插入语
InChina,everyfamilyhastofollowOneChildPolicy---everyfamilyisforcedtodeliveronechildonly.
4)Apples---juicyandsweet----areappealingtoalmosteveryone.
Mymother,however,loves…
5)使用设问句?
surprisereaders
6)使用”…”省略一些部分以强调
7)Etc.andsoon
?
“voice“‘power‘
6.13writingnotes
AI’sinstruction
Disagreeoragreewiththestatement
1statement:
longsentence
Policy:
alawisadecisionmadebyothers
Position---yourview
Comparewrongandrightshapeyourposition万能型instruction
2不再是一个简单的statement而是recommendation题目里面就会是一个引用的句子,使用细节性理由,应该使用advantageforfollowingpositions
Disadvantageforagainstones
3Claim
使用反向例子的理由与挑战正面例子写成让步型文章
4view会给出两个独立相反的views
Whichviewismoreclosetoyourownpositions?
Youshouldaddressbothofthetwopresented.两个方面理由都需要阐述,写成一边倒
5分析claim和reason之间的逻辑关系
6policyviewonpolicy
分析政策的当下影响和后续作用
对于一篇GRE作文应该如下结构
1)introduction
view,coreofbodypart
2)firstsentencesub-statement
bodypartexamplespecificinformation
analysis
3)conclusionsurpriseinconclusion
Classicessayconstruction
1)Hook
2)Restate
3)Thesis
4)Plan
5)Support
6)Interpret
7)Example
8)Miniconclusion
9)Summary
10)Influence
ExamplesofHook
1)Quotation
2)Riseupaquestion:
rhetorical(设问句)
3)Define(定义法)
目的是为了让题目中的抽象关键词在开头段就被解释从而缩小文章的范畴
GRE里面需要进行定义的词语
Success,goal,decision,policy,law,equality
4)使用历史类的Hook开头
5)Statistic/data开头
修辞手法的运用
使用明喻和暗喻作为hook
明喻as,like
暗喻是描述两个表面没有关系但是有内在联系事物的手法
Hook之后需要restatethequestion(限制中心论点的广度)
Overbroaden/restrict(
Noextreme不要极端化
Onedirection多数情况下需要有一个立场
中心论点类型
1)一边倒(one-sided)
2)中立论点
1)A+B才可以获得利益最大化
2)A,B在不同情况下不同分析
Plan在body中涉及到哪些领域首先在plan中展现出来
Body结构
1supportingstatement(short/direct/abstract)
2explain/analysis/clarity
3Details/summarize
4uniqueperspective
Miniconclusion
Fromtheexamplesabove,itisclearlynotified/displayed/shownthat
recommendation
prediction
Conclusion1)summarize
2)Throughquoteorquestionshowingpowerfulinfluence
Brainstorm
Require/disagree
Voided
Nationalcurriculum
Beforeenter
Mandatory
Compulsorycourses
Electives
Textbooks
Standardizedtest
“diagnostictest”
Self-sufficient
Managementof
Procrastinate
Disability
Quantity
Teacher
Students
Subject
Parents
Oneparagraphperoneidea
Field
Parenting
Education
Publishing
Disadvantage
1.ChildrenwithspecialneedsfightagainsttheNC
2.Teachersstaychancetodeveloptheirindividualteachingstrategy
(1)Readthetext
(2)Storytelling
3.Studentscandevelopdiverselearningstrategies
(1)Visualize
Strictruleoftheselection/collectionofteaching/referencematerials
Art/psychology/spirituality
(2)Memorize/excellentshort-termmemory
IWILLSTRONGLYADVOCATETHATTHESTATEMENTISTOOSUBJECTIVETOFUNCTION
1)keyword
2)define
3)expand
4)group
5)field
6)details
1)outline
2)thesis
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