研究生英语教材课后习题解答上册.docx

研究生英语教材课后习题解答上册.docx

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研究生英语教材课后习题解答上册

Unit1

TextA

Exercises

1.Readingcomprehension

A.Readthetextandanswerthefollowingquestions.

1.What,accordingtotheauthor,doAmericanslove?

Citeexamplestoillustrateyourpoint.

Americanslovenewfrontiers.Forexample,theyhankerafterwide-open

spaces;theyliketoexplore;theyliketomakerulesbutrefusetofollow

them.

2.Isthereaplaceonearthwhereyoucangoandbeyourself?

Whatistheplaceaccordingtotheauthor?

Accordingtotheauthor,thereisaplace—cyberspace,whereyoucan

goandbeyourself.

3.Whatmetaphordoestheauthorusetodescribecyberspace?

Whydoessheusesuchametaphor?

Realestate,becausebothrealestateandcyberspaceconsistof

differentpartsandeachpartissuitableforaparticulargroupofpeople.

4.Doestheauthorapproveofregulatingcyberspace?

Whyorwhynot?

Yes,butfirst,itisfundamentaltounderstandthenatureof

cyberspace.

5.Whatdoestheauthorthinkisneededincyberspacebesidesgovernment

control?

Self-rule.

6.Whataresomeofthemainareasofcyberspacethattheauthordefines?

Whatotherareasdoyouknowthathaverecentlyemergedincyberspace（e.g.

e-business）?

E-mailconversations,informationandentertainmentservices,and

cyberspacecommunities.

7.Howdocyberspacecommunitiesevolve?

Giveexamplestoillustrateyourpoint.

Peopleofsimilarinterestsandtastesformacommunity.Forexample,

communitiesonCompuServetendtobeprofessional;thoseonAmericaOnline

areaffluentyoungsingles,andsoon.

8.Whatisuniqueaboutcyberspacerules?

Whatauthoritydotheyhave

thatrulesinterrestrialenvironmentsdonItallowscommunitiesofanysize

andkind

’thave?

toflourish.

Cyberspacerules

havemoralauthoritythatterrestrialgovernmentsdon9.Inwhatspiritarenewcommunitiesformed?

’thave.

Communitiescatertotheirownmembers’inclination..

10.Whatkindofgovernmentdoexplorersincyberspaceneed?

Theirownlocalgovernmentbesidesterrestrialgovernmentdoes

explorers.

11.Whatshouldbedonetodealwithquestionableitemsincyberspace?

Arepeoplealreadydoingthat?

Weshouldbebanningthemandusinglabelsandautomaticfilterstoget

ridofthem.Yes.

12.Iscyberspaceaperfectplace?

Ifnot,whyarepeoplesoexcitedaboutit?

No,itisnot.Peopleareexcitedaboutitbecauseitoffersalotof

informationandfreedom.

B.Globalunderstandingandappreciationofthetext.

1.Analogy（

比喻，类推）isafigureofspeech（

修辞手段）whichdrawsa

parallel

betweentwo

different

typesof

things,

and

useson

（usually

familiar

tothe

reader）

toexplain

reader’sunderstanding

ofthe

writer

’s

point.

Canyoudrawaparallel

betweenrealestate

andcyberspace?

Whatpoint

does

theanalogysupport?

Theanalogybetweenrealestateandcyberspace

Realestate

Cyberspace

Shoppingmall

Commonland

Red-lightzone

Private

schooldistrict

Rentedout

drugstore

Placestobeavoided

Parkland,Church

Placesforchildren

2.Bydividingcyberspaceintothreepartsandusingsimiles（明喻）,the

authordefines

thenatureof

cyberspaceandillustrates

furtherherpoint

thatgovernmentregulation

isnot

neededincyberspace.

Complete

the

followingformtoshowthatyouunderstandtheauthor

’spoint.Pleasebe

remindedthattheunderlyingstructureofasimileis

“AislikeB

”.

Parts

Similies

Characteristics

e-mailconversations

Telephone

They

are

private,

conversations

consensual

and

require

no

regulation.

Information

and

Bookstores,

malls,

Items

are

notgiven

if

entertainment

moviehouses

notrequested.

services

Cyberspace

Bars,

restaurants,

Rules

are

being

communities

bathhouses

imposed

tokeep

out

unwanted

ads,

discussions

and

participants.

3.Inwhatwaydotherulesofaterrestrialgovernmentandthoseofacyberspacecommunitydiffer?

Refertopara.11toanswerthequestion.

TerrestrialgovernmentCyberspacecommunity

PeoplecannotchoosetheirownAnyminoritygroupsareallowed

community;theyareforcedtobetoexistandflourish.People

amemberofacertaincommunity

justbecausetheyhappentobe

bornorliveinaplace.Rulesof

aterrestrialgovernmentdonot

havemoralauthority.

choosetheirowncommunitiesand

followcommunityrules.Ifthey

donotliketherules,theycan

leavefreely.Sotherulesof

cyberspacecommunitieshave

moralauthority.

4.Whatisthelanguagestyleofthearticle?

Isitformalandliterary

orinformalandconversational?

Citeexamplesfromthetexttosupportyour

answer.

Thisarticleiswritteninaninformalandconversationalstyle.Forexample,

theauthorusessomeslangywords,incompletesentences,contractions,and

addressesthereaderas“you”.

II.Vocabulary

A.Findawordorphrasefromtheparagraphindicatedinthebracketthat

meansthesameas:

1.inthepast—→formerly

2.include—→embrace

3.man-made—→artificial

4.controlsystematically—→regulate

5.exactly—→precisely

6.undesired—→unwanted

7.irrelevant—→extraneous

8.havingintensefeeling

—→

passionate

9.aimtoward

—→

betargetedto

10.notfaraway

—→

athand

11.bechargedfor—→besuedfor

B.Choosethebestwordtocompleteeachofthefollowingsentences,

1.thisbook____a___alltheinformationyouneed.

a.containsb.embracesc.offersd.involves

2.Thegovernment_____c____thenumberofforeigncarsthatcouldbeimported.

a.refrains

b.restrains

c.restricts

d.prevents

3.

Asateacher

youshouldnotshow_____b___towardsanyofyourstudents.

a.pleasure

b.favor

c.preference

d.inclination

4.

Trafficis_____d___bypoliceateveryintersection.

a.enforced

b.imposed

c.limited

d.regulated

5.

Howmuchdoyou____b___forthispairofshoes?

a.bill

b.charge

c.cost

d.afford

6.

Wecan______b____nowandreturntoworkinthemorning.

a.leaveout

b.leaveoff

c.signawayd.signoff

7.

Thatmattercanbeleft___b___untilournextmeeting.

a.on

b.over

c.alone

d.about

8.

Ilearnedthathewas_____a____sickleavefromagovernmentoffice.

a.on

b.in

c.taken

d.spending

9.ItwasoneofthemostbeautifulsightsthatIhadeverseteyes

____c_____.

a.tob.inc.ond.down

10.Eachweekhetriedtoset_____d____afewdollarsofhissalary.

a.forthb.aboutc.apartd.aside

III.Cloze

Chooseaproperwordfromthelisttofillineachblankinthefollowing

passage.Changetheformofthewordifnecessary:

Accessplacethataswinleadstillvirtualevenresponseannually

toconcernacrossexactlysimplybybetweentheybecause

BorntoSurf

ThewebFromtheWindowcontainspoetryandliteraturefromwell-known

writersacrosstheglobal.Therearethoughtfularticlesanalyzingthe

stateoftheworldwelivein.Thereis

（1）evenapiecefromtheSecretary

GeneraloftheUnitedStates,KofiAnnan.Itmaycome

（2）assomesurprise

tofindout（3）thattheeditorofthemagazineisa12-year-oldgirl,Joy

Nightingale.

FromtheWindow（4）wonJoyNightingalethefirstprizeinthe1999

childnetInter-nationalandCableandWirelessawards.Thesearegiven

（5）annuallyforthebestuseoftheInternet（6）byandforyoungpeople.

And（7）theyhighlightoneofthemostwelcomingaspectsofthe（8）virtual

world.ChildrenhavetakentotheInternetasthoughtheyarebornsurfing.

Perhapsthis

is

（9）because

adultshavehadto

changetheir

understanding

of

technology

whilechildren

（10）simply

accept

it

asnatural.

Whateverthe

reason,childrencanbefoundbuildingwebsitesandE-mailingfriends

（11）acrosstheworldwhileadultsare（12）stillasking:

“Tellmeagain

—where（13）exactlyiscyberspace?

”

Ofcoursethereisgrowing（14）concernaboutthefactthatchildrencan

travel

far

awayfrom

parental

supervision

in

cyberspace.

In

（15）response,

manyparentshaveinstalledsoft-warepackageswhichprevent（16）access

toviolentorpornographicwebsites.Childnetistakingamorepositive

line.

The

website

is

agateway

（17）to

a

world

of

education

and

entertainment.

TherapidgrowthinInternetculturehas（18）ledanalyststospeculate

that

society

will

soonbedivided

（19）between

the

“information

rich

”and

“information

poor”.ForChildnet

it

is

especially

important

thatchildren

atthemarginsofsocietythroughpovertyordisabilityhavethechance

totaketheir（20）palceasequalcitizensinthevirtualworld.

IV.

Translation

TranslatethefollowingintoChinese:

Thepossibility

of

areal

market-style

evolution

ofgovernanceisathand.

In

cyberspace,

we’ll

beable

totest

andevolve

rules

governing

whatneeds

to

begoverned

—intellectual

property,

content

andaccess

control,

rules

about

privacy

andfree

speech.

Somecommunities

willallow

anyonein:

others

willrestrict

accessto

memberswhoqualify

ononeb