考研英语二阅读理解真题及解析.docx
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考研英语二阅读理解真题及解析.docx
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考研英语二阅读理解真题及解析
2020考研英语二阅读理解真题及解析
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2014考研英语二阅读理解真题及解析
PartA
Directions:
Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET.(40points)
Text1
Whatwouldyoudowith590m?
ThisisnowaquestionforGloriaMackenzie,an84-year-oldwidowwhorecentlyemergedfromhersmall,tin-roofedhouseinFloridatocollectthebiggestundividedlotteryjackpotinhistory.Ifshehopeshernew-foundfortunewillyieldlastingfeelingsoffulfillment,shecoulddoworsethanreadHappyMoneybyElizabethDumnandMichaelNorton.
Thesetwoacademicsuseanarrayofbehavioralresearchtoshowthatthemostrewardingwaystospendmoneycanbecounterintuitive.Fantasiesofgreatwealthofteninvolvevisionsoffancycarsandextravaganthomes.Yetsatisfactionwiththesematerialpurchaseswearsofffairlyquicklywhatwasonceexcitingandnewbecomesold-hat;regretcreepsin.Itisfarbettertospendmoneyonexperiences,sayMsDumnandMrNorton,likeinterestingtrips,uniquemealsorevengoingtothecinema.Thesepurchasesoftenbecomemorevaluablewithtime-asstoriesormemories-particularlyiftheyinvolvefeelingmoreconnectedtoothers.
Thisslimvolumeispackedwithtipstohelpwageslavesaswellaslotterywinnersgetthemost"happinessbangforyourbuck."Itseemsmostpeoplewouldbebetteroffiftheycouldshortentheircommutestowork,spendmoretimewithfriendsandfamilyandlessofitwatchingtelevision(somethingtheaverageAmericanspendsawhoppingtwomonthsayeardoing,andishardlyjollierforit).Buyinggiftsorgivingtocharityisoftenmorepleasurablethanpurchasingthingsforoneself,andluxuriesaremostenjoyablewhentheyareconsumedsparingly.ThisisapparentlythereasonMacDonald'srestrictstheavailabilityofitspopularMcRib-amarketingtrickthathasturnedtheporksandwichintoanobjectofobsession.
Readersof“HappyMoney”areclearlyaprivilegedlot,anxiousaboutfulfillment,nothunger.Moneymaynotquitebuyhappiness,butpeopleinwealthiercountriesaregenerallyhappierthanthoseinpoorones.Yetthelinkbetweenfeelinggoodandspendingmoneyonotherscanbeseenamongrichandpoorpeoplearoundtheworld,andscarcityenhancesthepleasureofmostthingsformostpeople.Noteveryonewillagreewiththeauthors’policyideas,whichrangefrommandatingmoreholidaytimetoreducingtaxincentivesforAmericanhomebuyers.Butmostpeoplewillcomeawayfromthisbookbelievingitwasmoneywellspent。
21.AccordingtoDumnandNorton,whichofthefollowingisthemostrewardingpurchase?
[A]Abighouse
[B]Aspecialtour
[C]Astylishcar
[D]Arichmeal
22.Theauthor’sattitudetowardAmericans’watchingTVis
[A]critical
[B]supportive
[C]sympathetic
[D]ambiguous
23.Macribismentionedinparagraph3toshowthat
[A]consumersaresometimesirrational
[B]popularityusuallycomesafterquality
[C]marketingtricksareaftereffective
[D]raritygenerallyincreasespleasure
24.Accordingtothelastparagraph,HappyMoney
[A]hasleftmuchroomforreaders’criticism
[B]mayprovetobeaworthwhilepurchase
[C]haspredictedawiderincomegapintheus
[D]maygiveitsreadersasenseofachievement
25.Thistextmainlydiscusseshowto
[A]balancefeelinggoodandspendingmoney
[B]spendlargesumsofmoneywoninlotteries
[C]obtainlastingsatisfactionfrommoneyspent
[D]becomemorereasonableinspendingonluxuries
Text2
AnarticleinScientificAmericahaspointedoutthatempiricalresearchsaysthat,actually,youthinkyou’remorebeautifulthanyouare.Wehaveadeep-seatedneedtofeelgoodaboutourselvesandwenaturallyemployanumberofself-enhancingstrategiestoresearchintowhatthecallthe“aboveaverageeffect”,or“illusorysuperiority”,andshownthat,forexample,70%ofusrateourselvesasaboveaverageinleadership,93%indrivingand85%atgettingonwellwithothers—allobviouslystatisticalimpossibilities.
Werosetintourmemoriesandputourselvesintoself-affirmingsituations.Webecomedefensivewhencriticized,andapplynegativestereotypestootherstoboostourownesteem,westalkaroundthinkingwe’rehotstuff.
PsychologistandbehavioralscientistNicholasEpleyoversawakeystudyingintoself-enhancementandattractiveness.Ratherthathavepeoplesimplyratetheirbeautycompresswithothers,heaskedthemtoidentifyanoriginalphotograghofthemselves’fromalineupincludingversionsthathadbeenalteredtoappearmoreandlessattractive.Visualrecognition,readsthestudy,is“anautomaticpsychologicalprocessoccurringrapidlyandintuitivelywithlittleornoapparentconsciousdeliberation”.Ifthesubjectsquicklychoseafalselyflatteringimage-whichmustdid-theygenuinelybelieveditwasreallyhowtheylooked.Epleyfoundnosignificantgenderdifferenceinresponses.Norwasthereanyevidencethat,thosewhoself-enhancethemust(thatis,theparticipantswhothoughtthemostpositivelydoctoredpicturewerereal)weredoingsotomakeupforprofoundinsecurities.Infactthosewhothoughtthattheimageshigheruptheattractivenessscalewererealdirectlycorrespondedwiththosewhoshowedothermakersforhavinghigherself-esteem.“Idon’tthinkthefindingsthatwehavinghaveareanyevidenceofpersonaldelusion”,saysEpley.“It’sareflectionsimplyofpeoplegenerallythinkingwellofthemselves’.Ifyouaredepressed,youwon’tbeself-enhancing.KnowingtheresultsofEpley‘sstudy,itmakessensethatwhypeopleheatphotographsofthemselvesViscerally-ononelevel,theydon’tevenrecognisethepersoninthepictureasthemselves,Facebooktherefore,isaself-enhancer’sparadise,wherepeoplecanshareonlythemostflatteringphotos,thecreamoftheirwit,style,beauty,intellectandlifestyleit’snotthatpeople’sprofilesaredishonest,sayscatalinatomaofWiscon—Madisonuniversity,”buttheyportrayanidealizedversionofthemselves.
26.Accordingtothefirstparagraph,socialpsychologisthavefoundthat______.
[A]ourself-ratingsareunrealisticallyhigh
[B]illusorysuperiorityisbaselesseffect
[C]ourneedforleadershipisunnatural
[D]self-enhancingstrategiesareineffective
27.Visualrecognitionisbelievedtobepeople’s______
[A]rapidwatching
[B]consciouschoice
[C]intuitiveresponse
[D]automaticself-defence
28.Epleyfoundthatpeoplewithhigherself-esteemtendedto______
[A]underestimatetheirinsecurities
[B]believeintheirattractiveness
[C]coveruptheirdepressions
[D]oversimplifytheirillusions
29.Theword“Viscerally”(Line2,para.5)isclosestinmeaningto_____.
[A]instinctively
[B]occasionally
[C]particularly
[D]aggressively
30.ItcanbeinferredthatFacebookisself-enhancer’sparadisebecausepeoplecan_____.
[A]presenttheirdishonestprofiles
[B]definetheirtraditionallifestyles
[C]sharetheirintellectualpursuits
[D]withholdtheirunflatteringsides
Text4
Whenthegovernmenttalksaboutinfrastructurecontributingtotheeconomythefocusisusuallyonroads,railways,broadbandandenergy.Housingisseldommentioned.
Whyisthat?
Tosomeextentthehousingsectormustshouldertheblame.Wehavenotbeengoodatcommunicatingtherealvaluethathousingcancontributetoeconomicgrowth.Thenthereisthescaleofthetypicalhousingproject.Itishardtoshoveforattentionamongmultibillion-poundinfrastructureproject,soitisinevitablethattheattentionisfocusedelsewhere.Butperhapsthemostsignificantreasonisthattheissuehasalwaysbeensopoliticallycharged.
Nevertheless,theaffordablehousingsituationisdesperate.Waitinglistsincreaseallthetimeandwearesimplynotbuildingenoughnewhomes.
Thecomprehensivespendingreviewoffersanopportunityforthegovernmenttohelprectifythis.Itneedstoputhistoricalprejudicestoonesideandtakesomestepstoaddressoururgenthousingneed.
Therearesomeindicationsthatitispreparingtodojustthat.Thecommunitiesminister,DonFoster,hashintedthatGeorgeOsborne,ChancelloroftheExchequer,mayintroducemoreflexibilitytothecurrentcapontheamountthatlocalauthoritiescanborrowagainsttheirhousingstockdebt.Evidenceshowsthat60,000extranewhomescouldbebuiltoverthenextfiveyearsifthecapwerelifted,increasingGDPby0.6%.
Ministersshouldalsolookatcreatinggreatercertaintyintherentalenvironment,whichwouldhaveasignificantimpactontheabilityofregisteredproviderstofundnewdevelopmentsfromrevenues.
Butitisnotjustdowntothegovernment.Whilethesemeasureswouldbewelcomeintheshortterm,wemustfaceuptothefactthattheexisting£4.5bnprogrammeofgrantstofundnewaffordablehousing,settoexpirein2015,isunlikelytobeextendedbeyondthen.TheLabourpartyhasrecentlyannouncedthatitwillretainalargepartofthecoalition’sspendingplansifreturnstopower.Thehousingsectorneedstoacceptthatweareveryunlikelytoeverreturntoeraoflarge-scalepublicgrants.Weneedtoadjusttothischangingclimate.
36.Theauthorbelievesthatthehousingsector__
[A]hasattractedmuchattention
[B]involvescertainpoliticalfactors
[C]shoulderstoomuchresponsibility
[D]haslostitsrealvalueineconomy
37.Itcanbelearnedthataffordablehousinghas__
[A]increaseditshomesupply
[B]offeredspendingopportunities
[C]sufferedgovernmentbiases
[D]disappointedthegovernment
38.AccordingtoParagraph5,GeorgeOsbornemay_______.
[A]allowgreatergovernmentdebtforhousing
[B]stoplocalauthoritiesfrombuildinghomes
[C]preparetoreducehousingstockdebt
[D]releasealiftedGDPgrowthforecast
39.Itcanbeinferredthatastablerentalenvironmentwould_______.
[A]lowerthecostsofregisteredproviders
[B]lessentheimpactofgovernmentinterference
[C]contributetofundingnewdevelopments
[D]relievetheministersofresponsibilities
40.Theauthorbelievesthatafter2015,thegovernmentmay______.
[A]implementmorepoliciestosupporthousing
[B]reviewtheneedforlarge-scalepublicgrants
[C]renewtheaffordablehousinggrantsprogramme
[D]stopgenerousfundingtothehousingsector
参考答案及解析:
SectionIIReadingComprehension
PartA
Text1
21、【答案】BAspecialtour
【解析】细节题。
答案定位在第二段的“itisfarbettertospendmoneyonexperiences…likeinterestingtrips…”,意思是“花钱消费在经历方面更好……,比如说有趣的旅行……”,由此可以得知答案是B选项“一场特别的旅行”。
22、【答案】Acritical
【解析】观点态度题。
答案定位在第三段的“somethingtheaverageAmericanspendsawhoppingtwomonthsayeardoing,andishardlyjollierforit”,意思是“普通美国人一年花两个月的时间看电视,并且看电视几乎不可能更愉快”,因此可以得知作者对于看电视的态度是A选项“批判的”。
23、【答案】Draritygenerallyincreasespleasure
【解析】观点例证题。
答案定位在第三段,文章中提到McRib这个例子,用这个例子证明的论点是“luxuriesaremostenjoyablewhentheyareconsumedsparingly”,大意是“有节制地消费奢侈品最令人愉悦”,D选项正是这句论点句的同义替换。
24、【答案】Bmayprovetobeaworthwhilepurchase
【解析】细节题。
答案定位在最后一段的最后一句“mostpeoplewillcomeawayfromthisbookbelievingitwasmoneywellspent”,大意是“大多数人看完这本书后,认为物有所值”,因此可以推知B选项是正确答案。
25、【答案】Abalancefeelinggoodandspendingmoney
【解析】主旨题。
纵观全文可知,全文主要谈论花钱消费和心情愉悦之间的关系,因此答案定位在A选项。
Text2
26、【答案】Aourself-ratingsareunrealisticallyhigh
【解析】题目问“根据第一段,社会心理学家发现了什么?
”对应于文章第一段第三句“社会心理学家对所谓的‘高于均数效应’或者‘虚幻的优越感’进行大量的研究,发现我们中70%的人认为自己的领导
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