北京大学博士英语考试试题和解析.docx
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北京大学博士英语考试试题和解析.docx
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北京大学博士英语考试试题和解析
PartTwo:
StructureandWrittenExpression(20%)
Directions:
Foreachquestiondecidewhichofthefourchoicesgivenwillmostsuitablycompletethesentenceifinsertedattheplacemarked.MarkyourchoicesontheAnswerSheet.
11.Whethertheextensionofconsciousnessisa“goodthing”forhumanbeingisaquestionthat
awidesolution.
A.admitsofB.requiresofC.needsofD.seeksfor
12.Inaculturelikeours,longallthingsasameansofcontrol,itissometimesabitofashocktoberemindedthatthemediumisthemessage.
A.accustomedtosplitanddivided
B.accustomedtosplittinganddividing
C.accustomedtosplitanddividing
D.accustomedtosplittinganddivided
13.Applepieisneithergoodnorbad;itisthewayitisusedthatdeterminesitsvalue.
A.atitselfB.asitselfC.onitselfD.initself
14.usearlier,yourrequesttothefull.
A.Youhavecontacted…wecouldcomplywith
B.Hadyoucontacted…wecouldhavecompliedwith
C.Youhadcontacted…couldwehavecompliedwith
D.Haveyoucontacted…wecouldcomplywith
15.TheAmericanRevolutionhadnomedievallegalinstitutionstoortorootout,apartfrommonarchy.
A.discardB.discreetC.discordD.disgorge
16.Livingconstantlyintheatmosphereofslave,hebecameinfectedtheunconscioustheirpsychology.Noonecanshieldhimselfsuchaninfluence.
A.on…by…atB.by…for…in
C.from…in…onD.through…with…from
17.Theeffectofelectrictechnologyhadatfirstbeenanxiety.Nowitappearstocreate
.
A.boreB.boredC.boredomD.bordom
18.Jazztendstobeacasualdialogueformofdancequiteinthereceptiveandmechanicalformsofthewaltz.
A.lackedB.lackingC.forlackofD.lackof
19.Therearetoomanycomplainsaboutsocietymovetoofasttokeepupwiththemachine.
A.thathavetoB.havetoC.havingtoD.hasto
20.Thepoorgirlspentoverhalfayearinthehospitalbutsheisnowforit.
A.nonetheworseB.nonethebetter
C.neverworseD.neverbetter
21.Asthesilentfilmsound,sodidthesoundfilmcolor.
A.criedoutfor…criedoutforB.cryoutfor…cryoutfor
C.hadcriedoutfor…criedoutforD.hadcriedoutfor…cryoutfor
22.Whilehiseffortsweretremendoustheresultsappearedtobevery.
A.triggerB.meagerC.vigorD.linger
23.Westernmanishimselfbeingde-Westernizedbyhisownspeed-up,byindustrialtechnology.
A.asmuchtheAfricansaredetribalized
B.theAfricansaremuchbeingdetribalized
C.asmuchastheAfricansarebeingdetribalized
D.asmuchastheAfricansaredetribalized
24.Weadmirehiscourageandself-confidence.
A.canbutB.cannotonlyC.cannotbutD.canonlybut
25.Inthe1930’s,whenmillionsofcomicbooksweretheyoungwithfightingandkilling,nobodyseemedtonoticethattheviolenceofcarsinthestreetswasmorehysterical.
A.inundatingB.imitatingC.immolatingD.insulating
26.youpromiseyouwillworkhard,supportyoutocollege.
A.Ifonly…willIB.Only…Iwill
C.Onlyif…willID.Onlyif…Iwill
27.ItisoneoftheironiesofWesternmanthathehasneverfeltinventionasathreattohiswayoflife.
A.anyconcernwithB.anyconcernabout
C.anyconcerninD.anyconcernat
28.Oneroomschools,withallsubjectsbeingtaughttoallgradesatthesametime,simply
whenbettertransportationpermitsspecializedspacesandspecializedteaching.
A.resolvedB.absolvedC.dissolvedD.solved
29.Peoplearelivinglongerandnotsavingenough,whichmeanstheywilleitherhavetowork
longer,livelessinretirementorbailedbythegovernment.
A.in…for…upB.for…on…out
C.by…in…onD.on…for…out
30.Thecountrysdeficitthatyeartoarecord1698billiondollars
A.soaredB.souredC.soredD.sourced
PartThree:
CloseTest(10%)
Directions:
ReadthefollowingpassagecarefullyandchooseONEbestwordforeachnumberedblank.MarkyouranswersontheAnswerSheet.
2009wastheworstyearfortherecordlabelsinadecade31was2008,andbeforethat2007and2006.Infact,industryrevenueshavebeen32forthepast10years.Digitalsalesaregrowing,butnotasfastastraditionalsalesarefalling.
Maybethat’sbecauseillegaldownloadsaresoeasy.Peoplehavebeen33intellectualpropertyforcenturies,butitusedtobeatime-consumingwaytogeneratemarkedly34copies.Thesedays,high-qualitycopiesare35.AccordingtothePewInternetproject,peopleusefile-sharingsoftwaremoreoftenthantheydoiTunesandotherlegalshops.
I’dliketobelieve,asmanyofmyfriendsseemto,thatthispracticewon’tdomuchharm.ButevenasI’veheardoverthepastdecadethatthingsweren’t36bad,thatthemusicindustrywasmovingtoanew,betterbusinessmodel,eachyear’snumbershavebeenworse.Maybeit’stimetoadmitthatwemayneverfindawayto37consumerswhowantfreeentertainmentwithcreatorswhowanttogetpaid.
38onthisproblem,thecomputationalneuroscientistAndersSandbergrecentlynotedthatalthoughwehavestronginstinctivefeelingsaboutownership,intellectualpropertydoesn’talways39thatframework.Theharmdonebyindividualactsofpiracyistoosmallandtooabstract.“Thenatureofintellectualproperty,”hewrote,“makesithardtomaintainthesocialandempathic40thatkeep(s)usfromtakingeachother’sthings.”
31.A.AsB.SameC.ThusD.So
32.A.stagnatingB.decliningC.increasingD.stultifying
33.A.takingB.robbingC.stealingD.pirating
34.A.upgradedB.inferiorC.ineffectiveD.preferable
35.A.numerousB.ubiquitousC.accessibleD.effortless
36.A.soB.thisC.thatD.much
37.A.satisfyB.helpC.reconcileD.equate
38.A.BasedB.CapitalizingC.ReflectingD.Drawing
39.A.matchupwithB.fillinC.fitintoD.setup
40.A.constraintsB.consciousnessC.normD.etiquette
PartIV:
ReadingComprehension(20%)
Directions:
Eachofthefollowingfourpassagesisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.Foreachquestionorunfinishedstatement,fouranswersaregiven.Readthepassagescarefullyandchoosethebestanswertoeachquestion.MarkyourchoicesontheAnswerSheet.
PassageOne
Cancerhasalwaysbeenwithus,butnotalwaysinthesameway.Itscareandmanagementhavedifferedovertime,ofcourse,butso,too,haveitsidentity,visibility,andmeanings.Pickupthethreadofhistoryatitsmostdistantendandyouhavecancerthecrab—sonamedeitherbecauseoftheramifyingvenousprocessesspreadingoutfromatumororbecauseitspainislikethepinchofacrab’sclaw.Premoderncancerisalump,aswellingthatsometimesbreaksthroughtheskininulcerationsproducingfoul-smellingdischarges.TheancientEgyptiansknewaboutmanytumorsthathadabadoutcome,andtheGreeksmadeadistinctionbetweenbenigntumors(oncos)andmalignantones(carcinos).InthesecondcenturyA.D.,Galenreckonedthatthecausewassystemic,anexcessofmelancholyorblackbile,oneofthebody’sfour“humors,”broughtonbybaddietandenvironmentalcircumstances.Ancientmedicalpractitionerssometimescuttumorsout,buttheprognosiswasknowntobegrim.Describingtumorsofthebreast,anEgyptianpapyrusfromabout1600B.C.concluded:
“Thereisnotreatment.”
Theexperienceofcancerhasalwaysbeenterrible,but,untilmoderntimes,itsmarkontheculturehasbeenlight.Inthepast,fearcoagulatedaroundotherwaysofdying:
infectiousandepidemicdiseases(plague,smallpox,cholera,typhus,typhoidfever);“apoplexies”(whatwenowcallstrokesandheartattacks);and,mostnotablyinthenineteenthcentury,“consumption”(tuberculosis).Theagonizingmannerofcancerdeathwasdreaded,butthatfearwasnotcentrallysituatedinthepublicmind—asitnowis.ThisisonereasonthatthemedicalhistorianRoyPorterwrotethatcanceris“themoderndiseaseparexcellence,”andthatMukherjeecallsit“thequintessentialproductofmodernity.”
Atonetime,itwasthoughtthatcancerwasa“diseaseofcivilization,”belongingtomuchthesamecausaldomainas“neurasthenia”anddiabetes,theformeranervousweaknessbelievedtobebroughtaboutbythestressofmodernlifeandthelatteraconditionproducedbybaddietandindolence.Intheeighteenthandnineteenthcenturies,somephysiciansattributedcancer—notablyofthebreastandtheovaries—topsychologicalandbehavioralcauses.WilliamBuchan’swildlypopulareighteenth-centurytext“DomesticMedicine”judgedthatcancersmightbecausedby“excessivefear,grief,religiousmelancholy.”Inthenineteenthcentury,referencewasrepeatedlymadetoa“cancerpersonality,”and,insomeversions,specificallytosexualrepression.AsSusanSontagobserved,cancerwasconsideredshameful,nottobementioned,evenobscene.AmongtheRomanticsandtheVictorians,sufferinganddyingfromtuberculosismightbeconsideredabadgeofrefinement;cancerdeathwasnothingofthesort.“Itseemsunimaginable,”Sontagwrote,“toaestheticize”cancer.
41.Accordingtothepassage,theancientEgyptians.
A.calledcancerthecrab
B.wereabletodistinguishbenigntumorsandmalignantones
C.foundoutthecauseofcancer
D.knewaboutalotofmalignanttumors
42.Whichofthefollowingstatementsaboutthecancersofthepastisbestsupportedbythepassage?
A.Ancientpeopledidnotlivelongenoughtobecomepronetocancer
B.Inthepast,peopledidnotfearcancer
C.Cancerdeathmightbeconsideredabadgeofrefinement
D.Somephysiciansbelievedthatonesownbehavioralmodecouldleadtocancer
43.Whichofthefollowingisthereasonforcancertobecalled“themoderndisease”?
A.Moderncancercareisveryeffective
B.Thereisalotmorecancernow
C.People
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